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2011 Third International Workshop on Cross Layer Design最新文献

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Packet scheduling and resource allocation for downlink multicarrier systems with quality-of-service constraints 具有服务质量约束的下行多载波系统的分组调度和资源分配
Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWCLD.2011.6123082
Qing Bai, Yao Hao, J. Nossek
We consider the scheduling and resource allocation problem in the downlink of multicarrier systems where data is processed and transmitted in unit of packets. This involves the allocation of transmit power as well as time and frequency slots to packets generated by different service flows, which consequently have various lengths and allows for various latency time in delivery. An optimization to maximize system throughput under frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and available resources restrictions is formulated, and an interactive scheduling and resource allocation approach is proposed to solve this combinatorial-natured problem. The paper especially focuses on the design of packet scheduling algorithms and introduces the concept of virtual packet size and anxious scheduler, which allows for simple implementation and high flexibility. Simulation results show the efficient collaboration of the proposed scheduling algorithm with the resource allocation scheme, and the effectiveness of the system as a whole which favorably exhibits low complexity.
研究了以分组为单位处理和传输数据的多载波系统下行链路中的调度和资源分配问题。这涉及到将传输功率以及时间和频率槽分配给由不同业务流生成的数据包,因此这些数据包具有不同的长度并允许不同的交付延迟时间。提出了在频分多址(FDMA)和可用资源限制下系统吞吐量最大化的优化方法,并提出了一种交互式调度和资源分配方法来解决这一组合性问题。本文重点介绍了分组调度算法的设计,引入了虚拟分组大小和焦虑调度的概念,实现简单,灵活性高。仿真结果表明,所提出的调度算法与资源分配方案具有良好的协同性,且系统整体具有较低的复杂度。
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引用次数: 3
A new cross-layer design strategy for TV White Space Cognitive Radio applications 一种新的电视空白空间认知无线电跨层设计策略
Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWCLD.2011.6123084
James H. Martin, L. Dooley, K. Wong
Conventional single layer processing in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) can incur significant time costs in transferring information between the various layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, due its innate sequential structure. This is especially a problem for CRN which usually only has a narrow time window to access spectral gaps of either licensed or other secondary users (SU). To exploit this opportunity, cross layer processing (CLP) paradigms that share information between OSI layers and the radio system have been proposed to maximise throughput for SU, while maintaining Quality of Service (QoS) provision to the licensed primary user. With the global transference of TV systems to digital platforms, regulatory bodies have identified an opportunity to allocate additional digital TV (DTV) channels to CRNs on a localised basis, in what is called TV White Space (TVWS). This paper investigates how CLP of information can be effectively exploited to enhance CRN system performance by making key channel allocations to minimise disruption to the spectrum environment, while maximising available resources to fulfil application and network requirements within TVWS.
由于认知无线网络(CRN)固有的顺序结构,其传统的单层处理在开放系统互连(OSI)模型的各层之间传递信息时,会产生大量的时间开销。这对于CRN来说尤其是个问题,因为它通常只有很窄的时间窗口来访问许可用户或其他辅助用户(SU)的频谱间隙。为了利用这一机会,提出了在OSI层和无线电系统之间共享信息的跨层处理(CLP)范式,以最大限度地提高SU的吞吐量,同时保持向许可的主用户提供服务质量(QoS)。随着全球电视系统向数码平台转移,规管机构发现有机会在本地基础上,将额外的数码电视频道(DTV)分配给crn,即所谓的电视空白空间(TVWS)。本文探讨了如何有效地利用CLP信息来提高CRN系统的性能,通过分配关键信道来尽量减少对频谱环境的干扰,同时最大限度地利用可用资源来满足TVWS内的应用和网络需求。
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引用次数: 5
Resource allocation for QoS aware relay-assisted OFDMA cellular networks QoS感知中继辅助OFDMA蜂窝网络的资源分配
Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWCLD.2011.6123076
Mohamad Maaz, P. Mary, M. Hélard
Relay-assisted communication is a promising technique to increase the efficiency of future cellular systems. In this paper, we deal with resource allocations in relay-assisted OFDMA downlink communications. Our purpose is to find the optimal power, subcarrier and relay allocation maximizing the global data rate while keeping a low starvation rate, under heterogeneous data rate constraints among the users. A global algorithm jointly allocating the power, subcarriers and relays is first proposed. The achievable data rate is investigated as well as the average starvation rate in the network when the load, i.e. the number of active users in the network, is increasing. Our algorithm is compared to the existing literature by means of extensive simulation settings.
中继辅助通信是一种很有前途的技术,可以提高未来蜂窝系统的效率。本文研究了中继辅助OFDMA下行通信中的资源分配问题。我们的目的是在用户之间的异构数据速率约束下,找到最优的功率、子载波和中继分配,使全局数据速率最大化,同时保持较低的饥饿率。首先提出了一种全局联合分配功率、子载波和中继的算法。研究了当负载(即网络中活跃用户的数量)增加时,可实现的数据速率以及网络中的平均饥饿率。通过广泛的模拟设置,将我们的算法与现有文献进行了比较。
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引用次数: 4
Performance computation of cross-layer Hybrid ARQ schemes at IP layer in the presence of corrupted acknowledgments IP层存在损坏应答时跨层混合ARQ方案的性能计算
Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWCLD.2011.6123075
Sébastien Marcille, P. Ciblat, C. L. Le Martret
Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) schemes operate at the PHY and Medium Access (MAC) layers and their performance have been naturally studied at the MAC level. However, all the modern systems are going to be running under the IP protocol. Therefore, in order to get realistic performance of the whole system considering the multiple layer stacks, performance analysis at the IP layer is crucial. Very little work has been done so far in this direction, except in [2] which studies the delay statistics of IP packets with Selective-Repeat ARQ, and [1] which proposes a cross-layer optimization strategy between MAC and IP layers for ARQ, and in [8], [9] which consider the HARQ case. In this paper, we study the effect of erroneous feedbacks at the MAC layer on the performance at the IP layer considering both conventional HARQ schemes as well as the cross-layer strategy mentioned above. We derive in closed-form expressions the performance in terms of packet error rate (PER), efficiency, and delay with respect to the error probability of the feedback channel.
混合ARQ (HARQ)方案在物理层和介质访问层(MAC)上运行,它们的性能自然在MAC层进行了研究。然而,所有的现代系统都将在IP协议下运行。因此,为了获得考虑多层栈的整个系统的真实性能,IP层的性能分析至关重要。到目前为止,在这个方向上做的工作很少,除了[2]研究了具有选择性重复ARQ的IP数据包的延迟统计,[1]提出了MAC层和IP层之间的ARQ跨层优化策略,以及[8],[9]考虑了HARQ的情况。在本文中,我们研究了MAC层错误反馈对IP层性能的影响,同时考虑了传统的HARQ方案和上述的跨层策略。我们用封闭形式的表达式推导了关于反馈信道的误码率(PER)、效率和延迟的性能。
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引用次数: 9
Efficient architecture design for mobile sensor networks 移动传感器网络的高效架构设计
Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWCLD.2011.6123089
Nabih Alaoui, J. Cances, V. Meghdadi
Optimizing architecture of sensor networks is a current topic of research. This research field can be applied in several contexts such as environmental monitoring or body area network. Performance improvement in terms of bit error rate is a major challenge. Reducing processing time and simplifying the operations of the network are the two main key points to be improved. A number of architectures have been designed to optimize the BER at destination. These architectures are mainly based on the LDPC codes (Low Density Parity Check) which have the disadvantage of the floor effect. The challenge is to find an optimal distribution of links between the sensors and relays to optimize the matrix H of the dual code and to avoid this floor effect. In this paper, we propose and simulate an efficient architecture for sensor network in a quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel environment. The new main idea is to enable communications between relays. Simulation results clearly show that the floor effect is significantly reduced with this kind of architecture.
传感器网络的结构优化是当前的一个研究课题。该研究领域可应用于环境监测、体域网络等多个领域。在误码率方面的性能改进是一个主要的挑战。减少处理时间和简化网络操作是需要改进的两个重点。为了优化目的地的误码率,已经设计了许多体系结构。这些架构主要基于LDPC码(低密度奇偶校验),其缺点是地板效应。挑战在于找到传感器和继电器之间链路的最佳分布,以优化双码矩阵H并避免这种底部效应。本文提出并仿真了一种准静态瑞利衰落信道环境下传感器网络的高效架构。新的主要思想是实现中继之间的通信。仿真结果清楚地表明,这种结构明显降低了地板效应。
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引用次数: 3
Open service access in cross layer design 跨层设计开放业务接入
Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWCLD.2011.6123088
I. Atanasov, D. Marinska, E. Pencheva
The paper investigates an approach to exchange quality of service information across the layers between third party applications and network functions for bearer resource management. The focus is on Parlay X Web Services which may be used to access functions for policy and charging control in all IP-based multimedia networks. A functional mapping of Parlay X interfaces onto network control protocol is suggested. The Parlay X Gateway utilization is evaluated taking into account as its distributed architecture, as the processing of both requests and notifications of events, concerning QoS management.
本文研究了一种用于承载资源管理的第三方应用程序和网络功能之间跨层交换服务质量信息的方法。重点是Parlay X Web Services,它可用于访问所有基于ip的多媒体网络中的策略和收费控制功能。提出了Parlay X接口到网络控制协议的功能映射。Parlay X网关的利用率评估考虑到它的分布式架构,作为请求和事件通知的处理,涉及QoS管理。
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引用次数: 1
Radio resource allocation for cooperative relay-assisted OFDMA wireless networks 协作中继辅助OFDMA无线网络的无线电资源分配
Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWCLD.2011.6123068
Zheng Chang, T. Ristaniemi
This paper considers a wireless cooperative OFDMA network with a base station and some relays. The relays adopt the decode-and-forward protocol and can assist the transmission from base station to mobile stations. The objective is to maximize the system transmission rate of downlink under various constraints. The optimal solution for such radio resource allocation problem has high computational complexity. Thus we divide our solution scheme into three steps. The first step is to select the relay that can achieve best transmission rate. Then the subcarrier is distributed to the selected relays. For each hop, the same subcarrier should not be used. Next, power allocation is adopted under the individual power constraints for each node. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the system performance. It confirms that our proposed algorithm can enhance the performance compared with newly proposed resource allocation schemes.
本文研究了一种具有基站和中继的无线协作OFDMA网络。中继采用译码转发协议,可辅助基站向移动站的传输。目标是在各种约束条件下使下行链路的系统传输速率最大化。这种无线资源分配问题的最优解具有较高的计算复杂度。因此,我们将解决方案分为三个步骤。第一步是选择能够达到最佳传输速率的中继。然后将子载波分配给所选中继。对于每一跳,不应该使用相同的子载波。其次,对每个节点在单独的功率约束下进行功率分配。通过仿真研究来评估系统的性能。实验结果表明,与已有的资源分配方案相比,本文提出的算法可以提高系统的性能。
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引用次数: 5
Generalised link-layer optimisation: Application and performance evaluation 广义链路层优化:应用和性能评估
Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWCLD.2011.6123087
V. Rodriguez
A wireless communication system work more efficiently if link-layer parameters such as modulation order, symbol rate and packet size are (adaptively) optimised. A common criterion is to maximise spectral efficiency subject to a very low bit-error constraint. But for systems equipped with strong error detection and a selective packet re-transmission mechanism, a packet-oriented criterion is more appropriate. Recently we showed that the link configuration that maximises bits per second or bits per Joule can be identified by drawing a tangent from the origin to the scaled graphs of the corresponding packet-success rate functions: the steeper the tangent the better the configuration. We now consider a tight symbol-rate constraint that forces the terminal to switch its configuration from the ideal as channel quality improves, and report on analytically-grounded performance experiments. A terminal with a flexible and unconstrained symbol rate enjoys a growing and overwhelming performance advantage over a similarly-endowed fixed-rate adaptive terminal. And the rate-flexible terminal retains a significant performance edge (up to 2-to-1) even when its symbol rate cannot exceed that of the fixed-rate terminal.
如果调制顺序、符号速率和分组大小等链路层参数(自适应)得到优化,无线通信系统的工作效率会更高。一个常见的标准是在非常低的误码约束下最大化频谱效率。但对于具有强错误检测和选择性分组重传机制的系统,面向分组的准则更为合适。最近,我们展示了最大化每秒比特数或每焦耳比特数的链路配置可以通过从原点到相应数据包成功率函数的缩放图绘制切线来识别:切线越陡,配置越好。我们现在考虑一个严格的符号速率约束,它迫使终端在信道质量提高时从理想配置切换其配置,并报告分析接地性能实验。具有灵活和不受约束的符号速率的终端比具有类似特性的固定速率自适应终端具有越来越大的性能优势。并且,即使当其符号速率不能超过固定速率终端时,速率灵活终端仍保持显著的性能优势(高达2比1)。
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引用次数: 2
SAFH - Smooth Adaptive Frequency Hopping 平滑自适应跳频
Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWCLD.2011.6123078
Sami Ben Cheikh, Tim Esemann, H. Hellbruck
Wireless systems based on WLAN (802.11), ZigBee (802.15.4) and Bluetooth (802.15.1) are continuously deployed in new applications covering consumer, industry or medical fields. Especially, Bluetooth is recommended by the Health-Care-Organization for medical applications as frequency hopping is considered as a robust scheme. However dealing with frequency-dynamic sources of interference in the 2.4GHz ISM band is important due to the increase of wireless devices. Adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) suggested by the Bluetooth standard and implemented in many of todays products identifies and avoids using bad channels. It is a good and established coexistence mechanism in the presence of frequency-static sources of interference such as WLANs when the 2.4GHz band is not crowded. However, AFH is facing problems in a crowded 2.4GHz band, especially when the interference is dynamic. We developed a cross-layer algorithm SAFH (Smooth Adaptive Frequency Hopping) that is inspired by entropy maximization and the conventional Bluetooth AFH. SAFH assigns usage probabilities to all channels based on an exponential smoothing filter for frame error rates to estimate and predict the channel conditions. The application layer can adapt SAFH by parameter settings in a cross-layer approach. SAFH achieves low average frame error rate and responds fast to changing channel conditions if required from the application. Simulative Evaluation in the presence of different types of interference (802.11b, 802.15.4 and 802.15.1) shows that our algorithm outperforms conventional frequency hopping and AFH. Additionally, SAFH works smoothly and stable exploiting frequency diversity compared to previous approaches like entropy-maximization based adaptive frequency hopping and Utility Based Adaptive Frequency Hopping (UBAFH).
基于WLAN(802.11)、ZigBee(802.15.4)和蓝牙(802.15.1)的无线系统不断被部署到涵盖消费、工业或医疗领域的新应用中。特别是,蓝牙被卫生保健组织推荐用于医疗应用,因为跳频被认为是一种健壮的方案。然而,由于无线设备的增加,处理2.4GHz ISM频段的频率动态干扰源变得非常重要。自适应跳频(AFH)由蓝牙标准提出,并在当今许多产品中实现,用于识别和避免使用不良信道。在2.4GHz频段不拥挤的情况下,在存在频率静态干扰源(如wlan)的情况下,它是一种良好而成熟的共存机制。然而,在拥挤的2.4GHz频段,特别是动态干扰时,AFH面临着问题。我们开发了一种跨层算法SAFH(平滑自适应跳频),该算法的灵感来自熵最大化和传统的蓝牙AFH。SAFH基于帧错误率的指数平滑滤波器为所有信道分配使用概率,以估计和预测信道条件。应用层可以通过跨层方法中的参数设置来适应SAFH。SAFH实现低平均帧错误率和快速响应变化的信道条件,如果需要从应用程序。在不同类型的干扰(802.11b、802.15.4和802.15.1)下的仿真评估表明,我们的算法优于传统的跳频和AFH。此外,与基于熵最大化的自适应跳频和基于效用的自适应跳频(UBAFH)等先前的方法相比,SAFH利用频率分集工作平稳稳定。
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引用次数: 18
Robust resource management for energy efficient cellular networks 高效节能蜂窝网络的鲁棒资源管理
Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/IWCLD.2011.6123090
D. Quintas, V. Friderikos
Cross layer scheduling techniques rely on accurate system state information, in particular the channel state. Since effective link gains are inherently time-varying, scheduling decisions have to be made every time the channel changes and hence accurate channel state information must be collected. In this paper we propose scheduling techniques that are robust to channel variations, allowing less frequent schedule updates and reducing in that sense the communication overhead and improving the system performance. Lower bounds on the achieved goodput when robust scheduling is used, in single and multi hop networks, are derived and through simulation we study the trade-offs between data rates, robustness and energy consumption. Finally, it is shown that the price of robustness in relay-aided networks is less when compared to traditional architectures.
跨层调度技术依赖于准确的系统状态信息,特别是信道状态。由于有效的链路增益本质上是时变的,因此必须在每次信道变化时做出调度决策,因此必须收集准确的信道状态信息。在本文中,我们提出了对信道变化具有鲁棒性的调度技术,允许较少的调度更新,从而减少通信开销并提高系统性能。推导了在单跳和多跳网络中使用鲁棒调度时的下限值,并通过仿真研究了数据速率、鲁棒性和能量消耗之间的权衡。最后,研究表明,与传统网络结构相比,中继辅助网络的鲁棒性成本更低。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2011 Third International Workshop on Cross Layer Design
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