This paper describes fuzzy logic expert system (FES) uses data about the Zero Moment Point (ZMP) position for automatically determining the gait phases. Simplified human body model is introduced for computation of ZMP position which is the input to the FES. Information about the type of gait phase is the output of FES. The designed fuzzy-rules based system was tested to evaluate the gait of twenty-two volunteers. Results show that the proposed technique for determining the gait phases is suitable. In the case of identification of double supports, the FES was successful in 73%. In the case of identification of single supports, the FES was successful in 64%. The method for studying ZMP in combination with fuzzy logic could contribute to the design of new control systems of prosthesis. Also, the technique can be used for specific rehabilitation examinations and the diagnosis of disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
{"title":"Fuzzy expert system for determining the human gait phase","authors":"S. Viteckova, P. Kutílek, J. Kauler, Z. Svoboda","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011728","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes fuzzy logic expert system (FES) uses data about the Zero Moment Point (ZMP) position for automatically determining the gait phases. Simplified human body model is introduced for computation of ZMP position which is the input to the FES. Information about the type of gait phase is the output of FES. The designed fuzzy-rules based system was tested to evaluate the gait of twenty-two volunteers. Results show that the proposed technique for determining the gait phases is suitable. In the case of identification of double supports, the FES was successful in 73%. In the case of identification of single supports, the FES was successful in 64%. The method for studying ZMP in combination with fuzzy logic could contribute to the design of new control systems of prosthesis. Also, the technique can be used for specific rehabilitation examinations and the diagnosis of disorders of the musculoskeletal system.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114540536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with investigation of novel B3C converter which can be utilized as a part of power semiconductor system in traction, automotive, or industrial applications like renewable energy sources. Proposed solution of main circuit of B3C converter is based on buck-boost topology (BB), whereby energy transfer from source to load and vice versa is possible - bidirectional converter (B). Due to this description the designation of B3C was made. Based on previous abilities, parameters of electrical variables like voltage, current and power are able to be adapted based on the current requirements of application. Due to natural behvior of proposed topology their values can be increased or decreased in first (energy transfer from source to load) or in third (energy transfer from load to source) quadrant of converter's operation. The boost effect of output voltage can be increased - if it is not sufficient one - by appropriated ratio of number of inductor windings. In this paper the novel B3C converter will be presented together with analysis of operational intervals both for simulation as well as for experimental measurement.
{"title":"A novel B3C converter","authors":"M. Frivaldský, B. Dobrucký, P. Spánik, Koscelnik","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011675","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with investigation of novel B3C converter which can be utilized as a part of power semiconductor system in traction, automotive, or industrial applications like renewable energy sources. Proposed solution of main circuit of B3C converter is based on buck-boost topology (BB), whereby energy transfer from source to load and vice versa is possible - bidirectional converter (B). Due to this description the designation of B3C was made. Based on previous abilities, parameters of electrical variables like voltage, current and power are able to be adapted based on the current requirements of application. Due to natural behvior of proposed topology their values can be increased or decreased in first (energy transfer from source to load) or in third (energy transfer from load to source) quadrant of converter's operation. The boost effect of output voltage can be increased - if it is not sufficient one - by appropriated ratio of number of inductor windings. In this paper the novel B3C converter will be presented together with analysis of operational intervals both for simulation as well as for experimental measurement.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114826111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four basic methods for measuring RF circuit frequency response were implemented and tested on the popular software defined radio system based on popular GNU-radio software package and on the Ettus USRP hardware. Properties, advantages and disadvantages of this solution were studied and are described in this paper. Using the proposed platform for measurement is interesting, because the equipment needed is much cheaper than standard test tools and can be used for educational or research purposes, where long time or intensive measurements was needed.
{"title":"Measuring RF circuits response using software defined radio system","authors":"R. Linhart, P. Fiala","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011697","url":null,"abstract":"Four basic methods for measuring RF circuit frequency response were implemented and tested on the popular software defined radio system based on popular GNU-radio software package and on the Ettus USRP hardware. Properties, advantages and disadvantages of this solution were studied and are described in this paper. Using the proposed platform for measurement is interesting, because the equipment needed is much cheaper than standard test tools and can be used for educational or research purposes, where long time or intensive measurements was needed.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132249461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper propose a novel Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) for two stage two-phase matrix converter with four legs fed two-phase induction motor (TPIM). Proposed control technique reduce number of switching, switching losses and therefore increase efficiency. Comparison of simulated and measured stator currents THD and efficiency comparison of two stage matrix converter controlled by SVPWM and PWM is also presented.
{"title":"Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for two-phase two-stage matrix converter with four legs","authors":"T. Laskody, M. Praženica, S. Kaščák","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011696","url":null,"abstract":"The paper propose a novel Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) for two stage two-phase matrix converter with four legs fed two-phase induction motor (TPIM). Proposed control technique reduce number of switching, switching losses and therefore increase efficiency. Comparison of simulated and measured stator currents THD and efficiency comparison of two stage matrix converter controlled by SVPWM and PWM is also presented.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132793096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the application of NiTi wires in the pressure sensors for monitoring of patient's movements in the bed. A short introduction into NiTi material properties is followed by a description of mechanical pressure sensor construction and possible modifications. The measuring electronics, design of integrated firmware and software for data capturing are explained next. Experimentally measured data illustrate the function of the system.
{"title":"A motion detection system of the patient in the bed using the NiTi pressure sensors","authors":"M. Kysela, I. Dolezal","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011694","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the application of NiTi wires in the pressure sensors for monitoring of patient's movements in the bed. A short introduction into NiTi material properties is followed by a description of mechanical pressure sensor construction and possible modifications. The measuring electronics, design of integrated firmware and software for data capturing are explained next. Experimentally measured data illustrate the function of the system.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132379808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses the contribution of optimized PLP feature extraction setup and application of feature normalization to improve the performance of automatic speech recognition system for data compressed by MP3 algorithm. The experimental study performed on loop-digit recognition and large vocabulary continues speech recognition task showed that proper setup can negate the effect of lower compression rates which can achieve results comparable with higher rates. The second finding is that the normalization techniques contribute significantly to overall performance, especially for shorter windows/shifts and lower compression rates. The acoustic models trained on 160kbits/s, 32kbits/s and 16kbits/s data performed at 34.17%, 41.88% and 36.4% WER respectively on LVCSR task. In comparison the non-compressed acoustic models performed at 28.56% WER.
{"title":"The optimization of PLP feature extraction for LVCSR recognition of MP3 data","authors":"M. Borský, P. Pollák","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011667","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the contribution of optimized PLP feature extraction setup and application of feature normalization to improve the performance of automatic speech recognition system for data compressed by MP3 algorithm. The experimental study performed on loop-digit recognition and large vocabulary continues speech recognition task showed that proper setup can negate the effect of lower compression rates which can achieve results comparable with higher rates. The second finding is that the normalization techniques contribute significantly to overall performance, especially for shorter windows/shifts and lower compression rates. The acoustic models trained on 160kbits/s, 32kbits/s and 16kbits/s data performed at 34.17%, 41.88% and 36.4% WER respectively on LVCSR task. In comparison the non-compressed acoustic models performed at 28.56% WER.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128110188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sivakumari, Avireni Srinivasulu, V. Venkata Reddy
A simple low voltage operational amplifier is introduced with an efficient class-AB output stage. Two biasing transistors are present in between common source stage. This amplifier is simulated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The proposed class-AB amplifier is designed to operate from ±500 mV supplies. The simulated phase margin of proposed class-AB amplifier is 87° at the load of 10 kΩ∥1 pF. The class-AB amplifier's total compensation capacitance is 5 pF, which is less than 50% of conventional amplifiers. The unity gain frequency of proposed class-AB amplifier is 21.17 MHz, when driving a resistive load from 10 kΩ to 500 kΩ and capacitive loads from 1 pF to 5 pF. The slew rates of modified amplifier are 7.5 V/μs and 8.57 V/μs. This modified amplifier greatly increases the slew rate compared to the conventional circuits.
{"title":"A high slew rate, low voltage CMOS class-AB amplifier","authors":"K. Sivakumari, Avireni Srinivasulu, V. Venkata Reddy","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011717","url":null,"abstract":"A simple low voltage operational amplifier is introduced with an efficient class-AB output stage. Two biasing transistors are present in between common source stage. This amplifier is simulated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The proposed class-AB amplifier is designed to operate from ±500 mV supplies. The simulated phase margin of proposed class-AB amplifier is 87° at the load of 10 kΩ∥1 pF. The class-AB amplifier's total compensation capacitance is 5 pF, which is less than 50% of conventional amplifiers. The unity gain frequency of proposed class-AB amplifier is 21.17 MHz, when driving a resistive load from 10 kΩ to 500 kΩ and capacitive loads from 1 pF to 5 pF. The slew rates of modified amplifier are 7.5 V/μs and 8.57 V/μs. This modified amplifier greatly increases the slew rate compared to the conventional circuits.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131531562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes approach to processing of the ADS-B extended squitter signals and data provided by targets on the ground area of the airport. These signals are affected by radio channel environment which causes distortion and interference. The paper presents a method for estimation of the channel TDL model based on empirical data processing. This method is applied on measurement and processing campaign with the real signals from MLAT transmitters at the Prague Vaclav Havel airport. The results of channel model parameters are presented here as well.
{"title":"Empirical model of the ADS-B channel for airport area","authors":"P. Puričer, P. Kovář","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011714","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes approach to processing of the ADS-B extended squitter signals and data provided by targets on the ground area of the airport. These signals are affected by radio channel environment which causes distortion and interference. The paper presents a method for estimation of the channel TDL model based on empirical data processing. This method is applied on measurement and processing campaign with the real signals from MLAT transmitters at the Prague Vaclav Havel airport. The results of channel model parameters are presented here as well.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123485457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 6th order bandpass continuous-time sigma delta modulator centered at 300MHz suitable for Software Defined Radio receiver is presented. This modulator is implemented in a standard low-cost 0.35μm CMOS technology. Several Q-enhanced LC resonators are implemented in a parallel structure using highly linear operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA), LC tank, and transconductor acts as a negative resistance to compensate the ohmic losses in inductor. Furthermore, an improved method employing two 3-bit flash ADC as a loop quantizer allows to double the sampling frequency and to relax the comparator requirements. Consequently we can design a modulator clocked at 1.2GHz allowing the integration of passive LC-filters in this standard technology. Transistor level simulations show that the modulator achieves a signal-to-noise and distortion-ratio (SNDR) of 82.6dB over a 6MHz signal band.
{"title":"Design and simulation of a 6th Order continuous-time sigma-delta modulator using integrated lc filter in a standard CMOS technology","authors":"S. Benabid, E. N. Aghdam","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011660","url":null,"abstract":"A 6th order bandpass continuous-time sigma delta modulator centered at 300MHz suitable for Software Defined Radio receiver is presented. This modulator is implemented in a standard low-cost 0.35μm CMOS technology. Several Q-enhanced LC resonators are implemented in a parallel structure using highly linear operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA), LC tank, and transconductor acts as a negative resistance to compensate the ohmic losses in inductor. Furthermore, an improved method employing two 3-bit flash ADC as a loop quantizer allows to double the sampling frequency and to relax the comparator requirements. Consequently we can design a modulator clocked at 1.2GHz allowing the integration of passive LC-filters in this standard technology. Transistor level simulations show that the modulator achieves a signal-to-noise and distortion-ratio (SNDR) of 82.6dB over a 6MHz signal band.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124473815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Hargaš, D. Koniar, M. Hrianka, P. Ďurdík, P. Bánovčin
The moving object can be described, based on frequency analysis and segmentation process. The moving objects are captured by highspeed video camera and image analysis is necessary for evaluation. This fact is very important in medical applications, when the moving objects (cilias) are needed to determine patient's diagnosis. The artifacts (moving detrit, bubles) must be removed from analysis result. Synthesis of these steps brings more accurate information about regions with useful information (regions with normal motion of objects).
{"title":"Moving object searching based on virtual instrumentation","authors":"L. Hargaš, D. Koniar, M. Hrianka, P. Ďurdík, P. Bánovčin","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011677","url":null,"abstract":"The moving object can be described, based on frequency analysis and segmentation process. The moving objects are captured by highspeed video camera and image analysis is necessary for evaluation. This fact is very important in medical applications, when the moving objects (cilias) are needed to determine patient's diagnosis. The artifacts (moving detrit, bubles) must be removed from analysis result. Synthesis of these steps brings more accurate information about regions with useful information (regions with normal motion of objects).","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114734507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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