The quantum computing represents a new field, which is still being researched, that may have numerous applications in the computer arithmetic, in the encryption - decryption systems, rapid search algorithms and physical systems' emulations. The hardware device that can make this type of calculations is still expensive nowadays and the number of the manufacturers is reduced. On the other hand, the simulation of a quantum computer using the devices currently available on the market - like the FPGA digital circuits - helps in getting an overview of the possibilities that the quantum calculations can provide and it can also be used when simulating physical processes in general. The aim of this article is to present our own solution of an emulator for the quantum calculations using the digital modules implemented in FPGA.
{"title":"The hardware implementation of a quantum computation system emulator","authors":"L. Ionescu, A. Mazare, C. Anton, Catalin Stoian","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011682","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum computing represents a new field, which is still being researched, that may have numerous applications in the computer arithmetic, in the encryption - decryption systems, rapid search algorithms and physical systems' emulations. The hardware device that can make this type of calculations is still expensive nowadays and the number of the manufacturers is reduced. On the other hand, the simulation of a quantum computer using the devices currently available on the market - like the FPGA digital circuits - helps in getting an overview of the possibilities that the quantum calculations can provide and it can also be used when simulating physical processes in general. The aim of this article is to present our own solution of an emulator for the quantum calculations using the digital modules implemented in FPGA.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121585687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Construction and technical condition of current collectors is crucial to reliability and safety of railway transportation. According to the Technical Specifications for Interoperability railway vehicles in the European Union should be equipped with carbon contact strips. Excessive wear or defects of contact strips degrade the capability of undisturbed power transmission, cause faster wear of contact wire, and can even result in catenary rupture. The technical condition of contact strips is assessed manually during periodical services performed by rolling stock operators. However, rail infrastructure companies are also interested in pantographs inspection of the vehicles running within their network. A novel inspection system for current collectors contact strips is presented. The system uses a specialized camera and a laser line generator to scan the contact strips surface. The scanning is performed on a railway line, when a vehicle passes the inspection point. A prototype of the system was tested in the target conditions and sample scanning results were recorded. Basic algorithms for automatic analysis of contact strips wear were introduced. Accuracy and repeatability of the measurement were assessed. The potential of commercial implementation of the system was confirmed.
{"title":"3D machine vision system for inspection of contact strips in railway vehicle current collectors","authors":"L. Jarzebowicz, S. Judek","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011686","url":null,"abstract":"Construction and technical condition of current collectors is crucial to reliability and safety of railway transportation. According to the Technical Specifications for Interoperability railway vehicles in the European Union should be equipped with carbon contact strips. Excessive wear or defects of contact strips degrade the capability of undisturbed power transmission, cause faster wear of contact wire, and can even result in catenary rupture. The technical condition of contact strips is assessed manually during periodical services performed by rolling stock operators. However, rail infrastructure companies are also interested in pantographs inspection of the vehicles running within their network. A novel inspection system for current collectors contact strips is presented. The system uses a specialized camera and a laser line generator to scan the contact strips surface. The scanning is performed on a railway line, when a vehicle passes the inspection point. A prototype of the system was tested in the target conditions and sample scanning results were recorded. Basic algorithms for automatic analysis of contact strips wear were introduced. Accuracy and repeatability of the measurement were assessed. The potential of commercial implementation of the system was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121626862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a meta-heuristic data-clustering application to identify finger signs only by measuring surface electromyogram (EMG) of a forearm. It classifies EMG signal patterns peculiar to finger signs. Genetic programming learns intensity characteristics of EMG signals, and creates classification algorithm. Three typical finger signs are evaluated in terms of generated EMG. Experiments are conducted to reveal the successful identification of finger signs in real time.
{"title":"Genetic reasoning for finger sign identification based on forearm electromyogram","authors":"T. Tsujimura, Takahiro Hashimoto, K. Izumi","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011724","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a meta-heuristic data-clustering application to identify finger signs only by measuring surface electromyogram (EMG) of a forearm. It classifies EMG signal patterns peculiar to finger signs. Genetic programming learns intensity characteristics of EMG signals, and creates classification algorithm. Three typical finger signs are evaluated in terms of generated EMG. Experiments are conducted to reveal the successful identification of finger signs in real time.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121271813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) accelerometers have great potential in many applications such as remote infrastructure monitoring, automotive industry and also in military and surveillance systems as a part of the Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) systems. A detection of human activity and vehicle movement in monitored area using seismic signals is complex problem and it brings new challenges into the seismic sensor design and signal processing methods. One of the main objectives of the paper is to present a concept of seismic sensor system dedicated for human activities and vehicles movement detection. In this paper, we explore the possibility of the seismic sensor system which consists of the low noise MEMS accelerometer SF1500S.A, low noise 24-bit Sigma-Delta analog to digital converter and digital signal processor. For evaluation of the seismic sensor system performance, series of field measurements for human footfalls detection were carried out. In order to determine the seismic signature of human footfalls, seismic signals were analyzed and processed in time, frequency and time-frequency domain. In conclusion, the outputs of experiments are evaluated and also the further research in seismic sensor system field is outlined.
{"title":"Seismic sensor system for security applications based on MEMS accelerometer","authors":"R. Berešík, Jozef Puttera, F. Nebus","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011662","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) accelerometers have great potential in many applications such as remote infrastructure monitoring, automotive industry and also in military and surveillance systems as a part of the Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) systems. A detection of human activity and vehicle movement in monitored area using seismic signals is complex problem and it brings new challenges into the seismic sensor design and signal processing methods. One of the main objectives of the paper is to present a concept of seismic sensor system dedicated for human activities and vehicles movement detection. In this paper, we explore the possibility of the seismic sensor system which consists of the low noise MEMS accelerometer SF1500S.A, low noise 24-bit Sigma-Delta analog to digital converter and digital signal processor. For evaluation of the seismic sensor system performance, series of field measurements for human footfalls detection were carried out. In order to determine the seismic signature of human footfalls, seismic signals were analyzed and processed in time, frequency and time-frequency domain. In conclusion, the outputs of experiments are evaluated and also the further research in seismic sensor system field is outlined.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115387744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system which enables scavenging energy from an electromagnetic far field. The system consists of a quarter-wave monopole antenna, a matching circuit, an energy conversion module, an energy storage capacitor, a low-power comparator and a DC-to-DC converter. The RF energy harvester operates at a frequency band of 868 MHz and creates a pulsed output voltage of about 1.8 V at an input power of at least -6 dBm. The system can be used to power a wireless low-power sensor node. With this approach, a battery-less sensor network is made possible.
{"title":"Design and optimization of a radio frequency energy harvesting system for energizing low power devices","authors":"C. Merz, G. Kupris, M. Niedernhuber","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011703","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system which enables scavenging energy from an electromagnetic far field. The system consists of a quarter-wave monopole antenna, a matching circuit, an energy conversion module, an energy storage capacitor, a low-power comparator and a DC-to-DC converter. The RF energy harvester operates at a frequency band of 868 MHz and creates a pulsed output voltage of about 1.8 V at an input power of at least -6 dBm. The system can be used to power a wireless low-power sensor node. With this approach, a battery-less sensor network is made possible.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128109755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 2.2-ppm/°C voltage reference is proposed for use as an analog to digital conversion reference in readout application-specific integrated circuits. The proposed circuit uses resistors available for the standard CMOS process with opposite sign temperature coefficients. That enables a superposition of two bandgap schemes, one with downward concave and the other upward concave voltage temperature dependence. Using two similar schemes for the task allows topology matching of single circuit elements. The providen schematic is verified by simulation of the reference in 0.35 μm technology. The simulated reference provides a voltage of about 1.2 mV with the variation of ~300 μV in the temperature range -20 to 85°C. The operating temperature range is the reduced industrial grade, with a supply voltage of 3.3V, and an average consumption current of 6:4μA in the operating temperature range.
{"title":"2.2ppm/°C bandgap voltage reference with high-order temperature compensation","authors":"Dmitry Osipov","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011710","url":null,"abstract":"A 2.2-ppm/°C voltage reference is proposed for use as an analog to digital conversion reference in readout application-specific integrated circuits. The proposed circuit uses resistors available for the standard CMOS process with opposite sign temperature coefficients. That enables a superposition of two bandgap schemes, one with downward concave and the other upward concave voltage temperature dependence. Using two similar schemes for the task allows topology matching of single circuit elements. The providen schematic is verified by simulation of the reference in 0.35 μm technology. The simulated reference provides a voltage of about 1.2 mV with the variation of ~300 μV in the temperature range -20 to 85°C. The operating temperature range is the reduced industrial grade, with a supply voltage of 3.3V, and an average consumption current of 6:4μA in the operating temperature range.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123754567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with the question to what extent the automotive standard for functional safety ISO 26262 is also applicable to motorbikes. It examines thereby, on the one hand where to find comparable criteria between cars and motorbikes from the standpoint of functional safety, and, on the other hand, where differences between the automobile and the motorbike must be considered. It shows the extent to which the safety-related automotive standard is applicable to motorbikes. Furthermore, the differences are determined, which must lead to the consequence of a new “state of the art” and to a new standard for motorbikes. On the example of a light function the new MSIL classification gets applied. In this article, the motorbike is viewed as a whole. For the most parts the standard is also valid for scooters.
{"title":"Applicability of the ISO 26262 for functional safety for motorbikes","authors":"G. Hofmann, G. Scharfenberg","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011679","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the question to what extent the automotive standard for functional safety ISO 26262 is also applicable to motorbikes. It examines thereby, on the one hand where to find comparable criteria between cars and motorbikes from the standpoint of functional safety, and, on the other hand, where differences between the automobile and the motorbike must be considered. It shows the extent to which the safety-related automotive standard is applicable to motorbikes. Furthermore, the differences are determined, which must lead to the consequence of a new “state of the art” and to a new standard for motorbikes. On the example of a light function the new MSIL classification gets applied. In this article, the motorbike is viewed as a whole. For the most parts the standard is also valid for scooters.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131160661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describes the design of increase of the safety of human-robot cooperation. In this variant is besides maintaining the minimum weight of the moving parts used the flexible joint, which rigidity is adjustable. The article presents a new method in which is the mechanical spring replaced by electro-dynamic coupling. This way of dealing increases the speed of the regulation and expands the possibilities of regulation and future use.
{"title":"Improving the safety of human-robot cooperation with control of joint stiffness","authors":"P. Benes","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011661","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the design of increase of the safety of human-robot cooperation. In this variant is besides maintaining the minimum weight of the moving parts used the flexible joint, which rigidity is adjustable. The article presents a new method in which is the mechanical spring replaced by electro-dynamic coupling. This way of dealing increases the speed of the regulation and expands the possibilities of regulation and future use.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132185709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bizon, M. Raducu, M. Oproescu, L. Constantinescu
In first part of this paper the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) panels based on Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) scheme is analyzed. It is important to know how much energy can be harvested from a PV that uses a MPPT controller. In this paper, the ESC schemes are analyzed in the frequency domain. The modified ESC (mESC) and high-order ESC (hoESC) schemes are considered in this study. The mESC scheme is based on a band pass filter (BPF), while the hoESC scheme is based on a series connection of the high pass (HP) and the low pass (LP) filters. Because the BPF topology may be represented as an equivalent series combination of the HP and LP filters, the equivalence of these topologies is shown for the same cut-off frequencies used. The simulations performed shows that the mentioned equivalence is effective. Also, the design condition to obtain the highest value of the search speed for the mESC scheme is shown when the HP cut-off frequency is known.
{"title":"Energy efficiency of the PV panels using a MPPT controller with improved search speed: Part I: Modeling of the PV power system under extremum seeking control","authors":"N. Bizon, M. Raducu, M. Oproescu, L. Constantinescu","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011665","url":null,"abstract":"In first part of this paper the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) panels based on Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) scheme is analyzed. It is important to know how much energy can be harvested from a PV that uses a MPPT controller. In this paper, the ESC schemes are analyzed in the frequency domain. The modified ESC (mESC) and high-order ESC (hoESC) schemes are considered in this study. The mESC scheme is based on a band pass filter (BPF), while the hoESC scheme is based on a series connection of the high pass (HP) and the low pass (LP) filters. Because the BPF topology may be represented as an equivalent series combination of the HP and LP filters, the equivalence of these topologies is shown for the same cut-off frequencies used. The simulations performed shows that the mentioned equivalence is effective. Also, the design condition to obtain the highest value of the search speed for the mESC scheme is shown when the HP cut-off frequency is known.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128798067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A desktop based real time oxygen auto-ventilation and gas monitoring system is proposed for home care respiratory application. The system consists of four sub-systems: oxygen monitoring system, oxygen ventilation system, gas monitoring system, and data transfer system. An oximeter transmits arterial oxygen saturation level and heart rate to the desktop unit via Bluetooth. Based on the oxygen saturation level, a flow rate is computed on the desktop. The computed flow rate is used to regulate the supply of oxygen from the oxygen generator to the patient. In addition, the gas temperature and gas pressure is monitored in real time. The system was able to monitor the patient's oxygen saturation, patient's heart rate and the gas condition at frequency of 1 Hz. Increased heart rate and low oxygen saturations are signs of respiratory distress, which this system uses to prompt oxygen flow. By matching oxygen supply to clinical need, the system has the potential to improve the home care and quality of life of patients with chronic respiratory disorders who are frequent desktop users.
{"title":"Desktop based real time oxygen auto-ventilation and gas monitoring system for homecare respiratory application","authors":"Esuabom Dijemeni, Danielle Roberts","doi":"10.1109/AE.2014.7011670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AE.2014.7011670","url":null,"abstract":"A desktop based real time oxygen auto-ventilation and gas monitoring system is proposed for home care respiratory application. The system consists of four sub-systems: oxygen monitoring system, oxygen ventilation system, gas monitoring system, and data transfer system. An oximeter transmits arterial oxygen saturation level and heart rate to the desktop unit via Bluetooth. Based on the oxygen saturation level, a flow rate is computed on the desktop. The computed flow rate is used to regulate the supply of oxygen from the oxygen generator to the patient. In addition, the gas temperature and gas pressure is monitored in real time. The system was able to monitor the patient's oxygen saturation, patient's heart rate and the gas condition at frequency of 1 Hz. Increased heart rate and low oxygen saturations are signs of respiratory distress, which this system uses to prompt oxygen flow. By matching oxygen supply to clinical need, the system has the potential to improve the home care and quality of life of patients with chronic respiratory disorders who are frequent desktop users.","PeriodicalId":149779,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114319957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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