Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00015
Mitsutaro Umehara, Lan Zhou, Joel A. Haber, Dan Guevarra, Kevin Kan, Paul F. Newhouse, John M. Gregoire*
Establishing synthesis methods for a target material constitutes?a grand challenge in materials research, which is compounded with use-inspired specifications on the format of the material. Solar photochemistry using thin film materials is a promising technology for which many complex materials are being proposed, and the present work describes application of combinatorial methods to explore the synthesis of predicted La–Bi–Cu oxysulfide photocathodes, in particular alloys of LaCuOS and BiCuOS. The variation in concentration of three cations and two anions in thin film materials, and crystallization thereof, is achieved by a combination of reactive sputtering and thermal processes including reactive annealing and rapid thermal processing. Composition and structural characterization establish composition-processing-structure relationships that highlight the breadth of processing conditions required for synthesis of LaCuOS and BiCuOS. The relative irreducibility of La oxides and limited diffusion indicate the need for high temperature processing, which conflicts with the temperature limits for mitigating evaporation of Bi and S. Collectively the results indicate that alloys of these phases will require reactive annealing protocols that are uniquely tailored to each composition, motivating advancement of dynamic processing capabilities to further automate discovery of synthesis routes.
{"title":"Combinatorial Synthesis of Oxysulfides in the Lanthanum–Bismuth-Copper System","authors":"Mitsutaro Umehara, Lan Zhou, Joel A. Haber, Dan Guevarra, Kevin Kan, Paul F. Newhouse, John M. Gregoire*","doi":"10.1021/acscombsci.0c00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00015","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Establishing synthesis methods for a target material constitutes?a grand challenge in materials research, which is compounded with use-inspired specifications on the format of the material. Solar photochemistry using thin film materials is a promising technology for which many complex materials are being proposed, and the present work describes application of combinatorial methods to explore the synthesis of predicted La–Bi–Cu oxysulfide photocathodes, in particular alloys of LaCuOS and BiCuOS. The variation in concentration of three cations and two anions in thin film materials, and crystallization thereof, is achieved by a combination of reactive sputtering and thermal processes including reactive annealing and rapid thermal processing. Composition and structural characterization establish composition-processing-structure relationships that highlight the breadth of processing conditions required for synthesis of LaCuOS and BiCuOS. The relative irreducibility of La oxides and limited diffusion indicate the need for high temperature processing, which conflicts with the temperature limits for mitigating evaporation of Bi and S. Collectively the results indicate that alloys of these phases will require reactive annealing protocols that are uniquely tailored to each composition, motivating advancement of dynamic processing capabilities to further automate discovery of synthesis routes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14,"journal":{"name":"ACS Combinatorial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.784,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"98723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-22DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00061
Cynthia J. Burrows, Shu Wang, Hyun Jae Kim, Gerald J. Meyer, Kirk Schanze, T. Randall Lee, Jodie L. Lutkenhaus, David Kaplan, Christopher Jones, Carolyn Bertozzi, Laura Kiessling, Mary Beth Mulcahy, Craig W. Lindsley, M. G. Finn, Joel D. Blum, Prashant Kamat, Courtney C. Aldrich, Stuart Rowan, Bin Liu, Dennis Liotta, Paul S. Weiss, Deqing Zhang, Krishna N. Ganesh, Patrick Sexton, Harry A. Atwater, J. Justin Gooding, David T. Allen, Christopher A. Voigt, Jonathan Sweedler, Alanna Schepartz, Vincent Rotello, Sébastien Lecommandoux, Shana J. Sturla, Sharon Hammes-Schiffer, Jillian Buriak, Jonathan W. Steed, Hongwei Wu, Julie Zimmerman, Bryan Brooks, Phillip Savage, William Tolman, Thomas F. Hofmann, Joan F. Brennecke, Thomas A. Holme, Kenneth M. Merz Jr., Gustavo Scuseria, William Jorgensen, Gunda I. Georg, Shaomeng Wang, Philip Proteau, John R. Yates III, Peter Stang, Gilbert C. Walker, Marc Hillmyer, Lynne S. Taylor, Teri W. Odom, Erick Carreira, Kai Rossen, Paul Chirik, Scott J. Miller, Anne McCoy, Joan-Emma Shea, Martin Zanni, Catherine Murphy, Gregory Scholes, Joseph A. Loo
{"title":"Update to Our Reader, Reviewer, and Author Communities—April 2020","authors":"Cynthia J. Burrows, Shu Wang, Hyun Jae Kim, Gerald J. Meyer, Kirk Schanze, T. Randall Lee, Jodie L. Lutkenhaus, David Kaplan, Christopher Jones, Carolyn Bertozzi, Laura Kiessling, Mary Beth Mulcahy, Craig W. Lindsley, M. G. Finn, Joel D. Blum, Prashant Kamat, Courtney C. Aldrich, Stuart Rowan, Bin Liu, Dennis Liotta, Paul S. Weiss, Deqing Zhang, Krishna N. Ganesh, Patrick Sexton, Harry A. Atwater, J. Justin Gooding, David T. Allen, Christopher A. Voigt, Jonathan Sweedler, Alanna Schepartz, Vincent Rotello, Sébastien Lecommandoux, Shana J. Sturla, Sharon Hammes-Schiffer, Jillian Buriak, Jonathan W. Steed, Hongwei Wu, Julie Zimmerman, Bryan Brooks, Phillip Savage, William Tolman, Thomas F. Hofmann, Joan F. Brennecke, Thomas A. Holme, Kenneth M. Merz Jr., Gustavo Scuseria, William Jorgensen, Gunda I. Georg, Shaomeng Wang, Philip Proteau, John R. Yates III, Peter Stang, Gilbert C. Walker, Marc Hillmyer, Lynne S. Taylor, Teri W. Odom, Erick Carreira, Kai Rossen, Paul Chirik, Scott J. Miller, Anne McCoy, Joan-Emma Shea, Martin Zanni, Catherine Murphy, Gregory Scholes, Joseph A. Loo","doi":"10.1021/acscombsci.0c00061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14,"journal":{"name":"ACS Combinatorial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.784,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-14DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00170
Dennis Naujoks, Mike Schneider, Steffen Salomon, Janine Pfetzing-Micklich, Aparna Puchakayala Appaiah Subramanyam, Thomas Hammerschmidt, Ralf Drautz, Jan Frenzel, Aleksander Kostka, Gunther Eggeler, Guillaume Laplanche, Alfred Ludwig*
The Cr–Co–Ni system was studied by combining experimental and computational methods to investigate phase stability and mechanical properties. Thin-film materials libraries were prepared and quenched from high temperatures up to 700 °C using a novel quenching technique. It could be shown that a wide A1 solid solution region exists in the Cr–Co–Ni system. To validate the results obtained using thin-film materials libraries, bulk samples of selected compositions were prepared by arc melting, and the experimental data were additionally compared to results from DFT calculations. The computational results are in good agreement with the measured lattice parameters and elastic moduli. The lattice parameters increase with the addition of Co and Cr, with a more pronounced effect for the latter. The addition of ~20 atom % Cr results in a similar hardening effect to that of the addition of ~40 atom % Co.
{"title":"Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Phase Formation and Mechanical Properties in Cr–Co–Ni Alloys Processed Using a Novel Thin-Film Quenching Technique","authors":"Dennis Naujoks, Mike Schneider, Steffen Salomon, Janine Pfetzing-Micklich, Aparna Puchakayala Appaiah Subramanyam, Thomas Hammerschmidt, Ralf Drautz, Jan Frenzel, Aleksander Kostka, Gunther Eggeler, Guillaume Laplanche, Alfred Ludwig*","doi":"10.1021/acscombsci.9b00170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.9b00170","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Cr–Co–Ni system was studied by combining experimental and computational methods to investigate phase stability and mechanical properties. Thin-film materials libraries were prepared and quenched from high temperatures up to 700 °C using a novel quenching technique. It could be shown that a wide A1 solid solution region exists in the Cr–Co–Ni system. To validate the results obtained using thin-film materials libraries, bulk samples of selected compositions were prepared by arc melting, and the experimental data were additionally compared to results from DFT calculations. The computational results are in good agreement with the measured lattice parameters and elastic moduli. The lattice parameters increase with the addition of Co and Cr, with a more pronounced effect for the latter. The addition of ~20 atom % Cr results in a similar hardening effect to that of the addition of ~40 atom % Co.</p>","PeriodicalId":14,"journal":{"name":"ACS Combinatorial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.784,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/acscombsci.9b00170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"8206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-14DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00035
Fan Yang, Yanxing Wang, Xue Jiang, Bi Lin, Ruichan Lv*
In this research, machine learning including the genetic algorithm (GA) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is used to solve the “low up-conversion luminescence (UCL) intensity” problem in order to find the optimal phosphor with enhanced red UCL emission using multielement K/Li/Mn metal modulation. Compared with the first generation of phosphors, the best phosphors’ fluorescence intensity occurs in the third generation optimized by the GA, with a stronger brightness (4.91-fold), a higher relative quantum yield (6.40-fold), and an enhanced tissue penetration depth (by 5 mm). The single and multiple dopants effect on the upconversion intensity of K+Li+Mn sensitizers is also studied: the intensity increases first and then decreases with the increase of Yb/Er/K+Li+Mn content, and the optimized K+Li+Mn concentration is 6.03%. In order to confirm the stability of the brightness optimization by the GA, a batch of phosphors was synthesized with the same element proportion, and the similarity of fluorescence intensity of two batches of phosphors was evaluated by the SVM algorithm with the classification accuracy index. Finally, the optimized phosphor was used for bioimaging and phosphor-LED.
{"title":"Optimized Multimetal Sensitized Phosphor for Enhanced Red Up-Conversion Luminescence by Machine Learning","authors":"Fan Yang, Yanxing Wang, Xue Jiang, Bi Lin, Ruichan Lv*","doi":"10.1021/acscombsci.0c00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00035","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this research, machine learning including the genetic algorithm (GA) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is used to solve the “low up-conversion luminescence (UCL) intensity” problem in order to find the optimal phosphor with enhanced red UCL emission using multielement K/Li/Mn metal modulation. Compared with the first generation of phosphors, the best phosphors’ fluorescence intensity occurs in the third generation optimized by the GA, with a stronger brightness (4.91-fold), a higher relative quantum yield (6.40-fold), and an enhanced tissue penetration depth (by 5 mm). The single and multiple dopants effect on the upconversion intensity of K+Li+Mn sensitizers is also studied: the intensity increases first and then decreases with the increase of Yb/Er/K+Li+Mn content, and the optimized K+Li+Mn concentration is 6.03%. In order to confirm the stability of the brightness optimization by the GA, a batch of phosphors was synthesized with the same element proportion, and the similarity of fluorescence intensity of two batches of phosphors was evaluated by the SVM algorithm with the classification accuracy index. Finally, the optimized phosphor was used for bioimaging and phosphor-LED.</p>","PeriodicalId":14,"journal":{"name":"ACS Combinatorial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.784,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"8208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-13DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00001
Christian Dankers, Joseph Tadros, David G. Harman, Janice R. Aldrich-Wright, Thanh V. Nguyen, Christopher P. Gordon*
Through a screen of over one hundred and 30 permutations of reaction temperatures, solvents, carbodiimide resins, and carbodiimide molar equivalences, in the presence, absence, or combination of diisopropylamine and benzotriazole additives, a convenient and first reported carbodiimide polymer-assisted flow approach to effect amide coupling and lactamization was developed. The protocol entails injecting a single solution (1:9 dimethylformamide: dichloromethane) containing a carboxylic acid and an amine or linear peptide sequence into a continuous stream of dichloromethane. The protocol remained viable in the absence of base, did not require carboxylate preactivation which, and in concert with minimal workup requirements, enabled the isolation of products in high yields. Compared to the utilization of untethered carbodiimide reagents, the flow procedure was also observed to provide a degree of racemization safety.
{"title":"Immobilized Carbodiimide Assisted Flow Combinatorial Protocol to Facilitate Amide Coupling and Lactamization","authors":"Christian Dankers, Joseph Tadros, David G. Harman, Janice R. Aldrich-Wright, Thanh V. Nguyen, Christopher P. Gordon*","doi":"10.1021/acscombsci.0c00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00001","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Through a screen of over one hundred and 30 permutations of reaction temperatures, solvents, carbodiimide resins, and carbodiimide molar equivalences, in the presence, absence, or combination of diisopropylamine and benzotriazole additives, a convenient and first reported carbodiimide polymer-assisted flow approach to effect amide coupling and lactamization was developed. The protocol entails injecting a single solution (1:9 dimethylformamide: dichloromethane) containing a carboxylic acid and an amine or linear peptide sequence into a continuous stream of dichloromethane. The protocol remained viable in the absence of base, did not require carboxylate preactivation which, and in concert with minimal workup requirements, enabled the isolation of products in high yields. Compared to the utilization of untethered carbodiimide reagents, the flow procedure was also observed to provide a degree of racemization safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":14,"journal":{"name":"ACS Combinatorial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.784,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-13DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00036
Patrick S. Lown, Benjamin J. Hackel*
Yeast surface display empowers selection of protein binding ligands, typically using recombinant soluble antigens. However, ectodomain fragments of transmembrane targets may fail to recapitulate their true, membrane-bound form. Direct selections against adhered mammalian cells empower enrichment of genuine binders yet benefit from high target expression, robustly adherent mammalian cells, and nanomolar affinity ligands. This study evaluates a modified format with mammalian cells immobilized to magnetic beads; yeast-displayed fibronectin domain and affibody ligands of known affinities and cells with expression ranges of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CD276 elucidate important parameters to ligand enrichment and yield in cell suspension panning with comparison to adherent panning. Cell suspension panning is hindered by significant background of nondisplaying yeast but exhibits yield advantages in model EGFR systems for a high affinity (KD = 2 nM) binder on cells with both high (106 per cell) target expression (9.6 ± 0.6% vs 3.2 ± 0.4%, p < 0.0001) and mid (105) target expression (2.3 ± 0.5% vs 0.41 ± 0.09%, p = 0.0008), as well as for a low affinity (KD > 600 nM) binder on high target expression cells (2.0 ± 0.5% vs 0.017 ± 0.005%; p = 0.001). Significant enrichment was observed for all EGFR systems except the low-affinity, high expression system. The CD276 system failed to provide significant enrichment, indicating that this technique may not be suitable for all targets. Collectively, this study highlights new approaches that yield successful enrichment of yeast-displayed ligands via panning on immobilized mammalian cells.
酵母表面展示赋予了选择蛋白质结合配体的能力,通常使用重组可溶性抗原。然而,跨膜靶点的外结构域片段可能无法重现其真实的膜结合形式。直接选择粘附的哺乳动物细胞使真正的结合物富集,同时受益于高靶表达、牢固粘附的哺乳动物细胞和纳米摩尔亲和力配体。本研究评估了一种改良的形式,将哺乳动物细胞固定在磁珠上;酵母显示的纤维连接蛋白结构域和已知亲和的附着体配体,以及具有表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和CD276表达范围的细胞,阐明了与贴壁计划相比,悬浮计划中配体富集和产量的重要参数。细胞悬液淘淘受到不显示酵母的显著背景的阻碍,但在模型EGFR系统中,高亲和力(KD = 2 nM)结合剂对具有高(每细胞106)靶表达的细胞(9.6±0.6% vs 3.2±0.4%,p <0.0001)和中(105)靶标表达(2.3±0.5% vs 0.41±0.09%,p = 0.0008),以及低亲和力(KD >600 nM)结合剂对高靶表达细胞(2.0±0.5% vs 0.017±0.005%);P = 0.001)。除低亲和力、高表达系统外,所有EGFR系统均有显著富集。CD276系统未能提供显著的富集,表明该技术可能不适用于所有靶标。总的来说,这项研究强调了通过在固定的哺乳动物细胞上淘金成功富集酵母展示的配体的新方法。
{"title":"Magnetic Bead-Immobilized Mammalian Cells Are Effective Targets to Enrich Ligand-Displaying Yeast","authors":"Patrick S. Lown, Benjamin J. Hackel*","doi":"10.1021/acscombsci.0c00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00036","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Yeast surface display empowers selection of protein binding ligands, typically using recombinant soluble antigens. However, ectodomain fragments of transmembrane targets may fail to recapitulate their true, membrane-bound form. Direct selections against adhered mammalian cells empower enrichment of genuine binders yet benefit from high target expression, robustly adherent mammalian cells, and nanomolar affinity ligands. This study evaluates a modified format with mammalian cells immobilized to magnetic beads; yeast-displayed fibronectin domain and affibody ligands of known affinities and cells with expression ranges of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CD276 elucidate important parameters to ligand enrichment and yield in cell suspension panning with comparison to adherent panning. Cell suspension panning is hindered by significant background of nondisplaying yeast but exhibits yield advantages in model EGFR systems for a high affinity (<i>K</i><sub>D</sub> = 2 nM) binder on cells with both high (10<sup>6</sup> per cell) target expression (9.6 ± 0.6% vs 3.2 ± 0.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and mid (10<sup>5</sup>) target expression (2.3 ± 0.5% vs 0.41 ± 0.09%, <i>p</i> = 0.0008), as well as for a low affinity (<i>K</i><sub>D</sub> > 600 nM) binder on high target expression cells (2.0 ± 0.5% vs 0.017 ± 0.005%; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Significant enrichment was observed for all EGFR systems except the low-affinity, high expression system. The CD276 system failed to provide significant enrichment, indicating that this technique may not be suitable for all targets. Collectively, this study highlights new approaches that yield successful enrichment of yeast-displayed ligands via panning on immobilized mammalian cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":14,"journal":{"name":"ACS Combinatorial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.784,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00012
Ming Cao, Yi-Lin Fang, Ying-Chun Wang*, Xiao-Juan Xu, Zhi-Wei Xi, Shi Tang*
Cerium(III) triflate-catalyzed multicomponent reactions between alkynyl carboxylic acids, tert-butyl isocyanide, and organic azides have been developed. In the presence of Ce(OTf)3 (10 mol %), the cascade reaction of one molecule of alkynyl carboxylic acid with three molecules of tert-butyl isocyanides proceeds chemoselectively and regioselectively via a triple and ordered isocyanide insertion process at room temperature, and then the cesium-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddtion reaction between the resulted alkynyl oxazole and organic azides was further initiated by the temperature elevation (100 °C), thereby leading to multisubstituted triazole–oxazole derivatives in practical, time-saving, one-pot operations. Furthermore, some of the synthesized target compounds showed potential anticancer activities against MGC803 (human gastric cancer cell) with IC50 values below 20 μmol L–1.
{"title":"Ce(OTf)3-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids, tert-Butyl Isocyanide, and Azides for the Assembly of Triazole–Oxazole Derivatives","authors":"Ming Cao, Yi-Lin Fang, Ying-Chun Wang*, Xiao-Juan Xu, Zhi-Wei Xi, Shi Tang*","doi":"10.1021/acscombsci.0c00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00012","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cerium(III) triflate-catalyzed multicomponent reactions between alkynyl carboxylic acids, <i>tert</i>-butyl isocyanide, and organic azides have been developed. In the presence of Ce(OTf)<sub>3</sub> (10 mol %), the cascade reaction of one molecule of alkynyl carboxylic acid with three molecules of <i>tert</i>-butyl isocyanides proceeds chemoselectively and regioselectively via a triple and ordered isocyanide insertion process at room temperature, and then the cesium-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddtion reaction between the resulted alkynyl oxazole and organic azides was further initiated by the temperature elevation (100 °C), thereby leading to multisubstituted triazole–oxazole derivatives in practical, time-saving, one-pot operations. Furthermore, some of the synthesized target compounds showed potential anticancer activities against MGC803 (human gastric cancer cell) with IC<sub>50</sub> values below 20 μmol L<sup>–1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":14,"journal":{"name":"ACS Combinatorial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.784,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/acscombsci.0c00012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-26DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00150
Deepak Sharma, Manojkumar Ramteke*
Adleman’s illustration of molecular computing using DNA paved the way toward an entirely new direction of computing (Adleman, L. M. Science1994, 266, 1021). The exponential time complex combinatorial problem on a traditional computer turns out to be a separation problem involving a polynomial number of steps in DNA computing experiments. Despite being a promising concept, the implementations of existing DNA computing procedures were restricted only to the smaller size formulations. In this work, we demonstrate a structure assisted DNA computing procedure on a bigger size Hamiltonian cycle problem involving 18 vertices. The developed model involves the formation and digestion of circular structure DNA, iteratively over multiple stages to eliminate the incorrect solutions to the given combinatorial problem. A high accuracy is obtained compared to other structure assisted models, which enable one to solve the bigger size problems.
{"title":"In Vitro Identification of the Hamiltonian Cycle Using a Circular Structure Assisted DNA Computer","authors":"Deepak Sharma, Manojkumar Ramteke*","doi":"10.1021/acscombsci.9b00150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.9b00150","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Adleman’s illustration of molecular computing using DNA paved the way toward an entirely new direction of computing (Adleman, L. M. <cite><i>Science</i></cite> <span>1994</span>, <em>266</em>, 1021). The exponential time complex combinatorial problem on a traditional computer turns out to be a separation problem involving a polynomial number of steps in DNA computing experiments. Despite being a promising concept, the implementations of existing DNA computing procedures were restricted only to the smaller size formulations. In this work, we demonstrate a structure assisted DNA computing procedure on a bigger size Hamiltonian cycle problem involving 18 vertices. The developed model involves the formation and digestion of circular structure DNA, iteratively over multiple stages to eliminate the incorrect solutions to the given combinatorial problem. A high accuracy is obtained compared to other structure assisted models, which enable one to solve the bigger size problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14,"journal":{"name":"ACS Combinatorial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.784,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/acscombsci.9b00150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"958965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient and precise construction of DNA libraries is a fundamental starting point for directed evolution of polypeptides. Recently, several in vitro selection methods have been reported that do not rely on cells for protein expression, where peptide libraries in the order of 1013 species are used for in vitro affinity selection. To maximize their potential, simple yet versatile construction of DNA libraries from several fragments containing random regions without bacterial transformation is essential. To address this issue, we herein propose a novel DNA construction methodology based on the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers containing a single deoxyinosine (I) residue near their 5′ end. Treatment of the PCR products with endonuclease V generates 3′ overhangs with customized lengths and sequences, which can be ligated accurately and efficiently with other fragments having exactly complementary overhangs. As a proof of concept, we constructed an artificial gene library of single-domain antibodies from four DNA fragments.
{"title":"In Vitro Construction of Large-scale DNA Libraries from Fragments Containing Random Regions using Deoxyinosine-containing Oligonucleotides and Endonuclease V","authors":"Yasuhide Yamamoto, Takuya Terai, Shigefumi Kumachi, Naoto Nemoto*","doi":"10.1021/acscombsci.9b00167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.9b00167","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Efficient and precise construction of DNA libraries is a fundamental starting point for directed evolution of polypeptides. Recently, several in vitro selection methods have been reported that do not rely on cells for protein expression, where peptide libraries in the order of 10<sup>13</sup> species are used for in vitro affinity selection. To maximize their potential, simple yet versatile construction of DNA libraries from several fragments containing random regions without bacterial transformation is essential. To address this issue, we herein propose a novel DNA construction methodology based on the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers containing a single deoxyinosine (I) residue near their 5′ end. Treatment of the PCR products with endonuclease V generates 3′ overhangs with customized lengths and sequences, which can be ligated accurately and efficiently with other fragments having exactly complementary overhangs. As a proof of concept, we constructed an artificial gene library of single-domain antibodies from four DNA fragments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14,"journal":{"name":"ACS Combinatorial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.784,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/acscombsci.9b00167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"962221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-24DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00190
Rakesh P. Chaudhary*, Kinjal H. Gandha, Fanqiang Meng, Emrah Simsek, Ikenna C. Nlebedim, Orlando Rios, Matthew J. Kramer, Ryan T. Ott
Additive manufacturing synthesis using laser engineered net shaping (LENS) is utilized to rapidly print libraries of mischmetal (MM = La, Ce, Nd, and Pr) containing R2TM14B alloys (R = MM + separated Nd and TM = Fe and Co) enabling robust evaluation of physical properties over a wide composition range. High-throughput characterization of the magnetic and thermal properties are used to identify compositions for potential high-temperature, high-performance permanent magnets with reduced critical rare-earth elements. Improved Curie temperature (Tc ~ 450 °C) is obtained with substitution of Fe by Co in pseudoternary R2TM14B alloys. Furthermore, a 4-fold decrease in the Nd content can be achieved through substitution with less critical Ce- and La-rich MM, while retaining high Tc. Guided by the properties of the LENS printed samples, selected compositions with and without TiC additions are synthesized via melt-spinning techniques to produce nanostructured ribbons. The maximum room temperature coercivity (Hc) and energy product ((BH)max) without TiC are found to be 5.8 kOe, 8.5 MGOe, respectively, while TiC additions as a grain refiner gave Hc and (BH)max of 4.9 kOe, 9.8 MGOe, respectively. Structural characterization of the melt-spun ribbons shows homogeneous grain refinement with TiC additions, which leads to an increase in the energy product.
{"title":"Development of Mischmetal–Fe–Co–B Permanent Magnet Alloys via High-Throughput Methods","authors":"Rakesh P. Chaudhary*, Kinjal H. Gandha, Fanqiang Meng, Emrah Simsek, Ikenna C. Nlebedim, Orlando Rios, Matthew J. Kramer, Ryan T. Ott","doi":"10.1021/acscombsci.9b00190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.9b00190","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Additive manufacturing synthesis using laser engineered net shaping (LENS) is utilized to rapidly print libraries of mischmetal (MM = La, Ce, Nd, and Pr) containing R<sub>2</sub>TM<sub>14</sub>B alloys (R = MM + separated Nd and TM = Fe and Co) enabling robust evaluation of physical properties over a wide composition range. High-throughput characterization of the magnetic and thermal properties are used to identify compositions for potential high-temperature, high-performance permanent magnets with reduced critical rare-earth elements. Improved Curie temperature (<i>T</i><sub>c</sub> ~ 450 °C) is obtained with substitution of Fe by Co in pseudoternary R<sub>2</sub>TM<sub>14</sub>B alloys. Furthermore, a 4-fold decrease in the Nd content can be achieved through substitution with less critical Ce- and La-rich MM, while retaining high <i>T</i><sub>c</sub>. Guided by the properties of the LENS printed samples, selected compositions with and without TiC additions are synthesized via melt-spinning techniques to produce nanostructured ribbons. The maximum room temperature coercivity (<i>H</i><sub>c</sub>) and energy product ((BH)<sub>max</sub>) without TiC are found to be 5.8 kOe, 8.5 MGOe, respectively, while TiC additions as a grain refiner gave H<sub>c</sub> and (BH)<sub>max</sub> of 4.9 kOe, 9.8 MGOe, respectively. Structural characterization of the melt-spun ribbons shows homogeneous grain refinement with TiC additions, which leads to an increase in the energy product.</p>","PeriodicalId":14,"journal":{"name":"ACS Combinatorial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.784,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1021/acscombsci.9b00190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"956029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}