A low-cost tissue-like testbed with six nodes of varying stiffness was developed for surgical training to provide pressure and force feedback data through image reception to human operators. Using SolidWorks, a 3D model of the box trainer housing was created. A pad for the distribution of smartsensing nodes and microcontroller connections was designed with open spaces for the respective components. The pad was 3D-printed with PLA filament. Flat piezoelectric pressure sensors were fabricated with conductive materials and velostat sensor material. Using static and dynamic analyses, three top sensors were chosen to be used in three pressure sensing nodes. A calibration process was performed on the pressure sensors to find the linear relationship between voltage and pressure, which was then used to create a conversion equation for each sensor. These equations were used to collect data at the three pressure sensing nodes on the silicone testbed pad. Conductive TPU filament was used to 3D-print vertical force sensors, which were designed using SolidWorks. The force sensors were calibrated with a squeezing mechanism to find a relationship between voltage and force and to subsequently develop a conversion equation for each sensor. We used these equations to collect force data from the three force sensing nodes on the testbed pad. Through static and dynamic analyses, the force sensors were found to be functional, but to need improvements in accuracy. The mechatronic system was designed and developed to integrate all six sensors and to collect data from the testbed pad using an Arduino microcontroller. The flat pressure and vertical force sensors were embedded in each node to measure the pressure and force that occurs during the deformation of the six nodes. Data was collected and imported into MATLAB. This data was used in displaying pressure and force mapping of the nodes over a live video of the silicone pad. Pressure and force mapping was realized by drawing color-coded circles on each of the six nodes that correspond to a range of force or pressure values. From this development, the surgical testbed provides multi-stiffness tissue training with live pressure and force mapping overlaid on a live video of the emulated surgical field.
{"title":"A Cost-Effective and Smart Sensing Tissue-like Testbed for Surgical Training","authors":"Lysette Zaragoza","doi":"10.31979/mrj.2023.1909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/mrj.2023.1909","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost tissue-like testbed with six nodes of varying stiffness was developed for surgical training to provide pressure and force feedback data through image reception to human operators. Using SolidWorks, a 3D model of the box trainer housing was created. A pad for the distribution of smartsensing nodes and microcontroller connections was designed with open spaces for the respective components. The pad was 3D-printed with PLA filament. Flat piezoelectric pressure sensors were fabricated with conductive materials and velostat sensor material. Using static and dynamic analyses, three top sensors were chosen to be used in three pressure sensing nodes. A calibration process was performed on the pressure sensors to find the linear relationship between voltage and pressure, which was then used to create a conversion equation for each sensor. These equations were used to collect data at the three pressure sensing nodes on the silicone testbed pad. Conductive TPU filament was used to 3D-print vertical force sensors, which were designed using SolidWorks. The force sensors were calibrated with a squeezing mechanism to find a relationship between voltage and force and to subsequently develop a conversion equation for each sensor. We used these equations to collect force data from the three force sensing nodes on the testbed pad. Through static and dynamic analyses, the force sensors were found to be functional, but to need improvements in accuracy. The mechatronic system was designed and developed to integrate all six sensors and to collect data from the testbed pad using an Arduino microcontroller. The flat pressure and vertical force sensors were embedded in each node to measure the pressure and force that occurs during the deformation of the six nodes. Data was collected and imported into MATLAB. This data was used in displaying pressure and force mapping of the nodes over a live video of the silicone pad. Pressure and force mapping was realized by drawing color-coded circles on each of the six nodes that correspond to a range of force or pressure values. From this development, the surgical testbed provides multi-stiffness tissue training with live pressure and force mapping overlaid on a live video of the emulated surgical field.","PeriodicalId":150197,"journal":{"name":"McNair Research Journal SJSU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116813964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"#ExistenceisResistance: Black Spartans Exhibition","authors":"Yeabsera Kebede","doi":"10.31979/mrj.2023.1907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/mrj.2023.1907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150197,"journal":{"name":"McNair Research Journal SJSU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122316524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Our Airways: How Lung Structure and Function is Impacted by Respiratory Infections and Immune Responses","authors":"K. Coll","doi":"10.31979/mrj.2023.1905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/mrj.2023.1905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150197,"journal":{"name":"McNair Research Journal SJSU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123078091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Culture on Health Perceptions and Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Older Latinos with Co-occurring Diabetes and Depression: A Literature Review","authors":"Alejandra M Aguirre","doi":"10.31979/mrj.2023.1904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/mrj.2023.1904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150197,"journal":{"name":"McNair Research Journal SJSU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114124779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Exercise on the Mental Wellness of Children (ages 3-6)","authors":"Reem Farhat","doi":"10.31979/mrj.2023.1906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/mrj.2023.1906","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150197,"journal":{"name":"McNair Research Journal SJSU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132064931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Red Ribbon and the Black Cross: A Qualitative Study of the Relationship between Social Activism and Contemporary Black Church Responses to HIV in Oakland, CA","authors":"Justise Wattree","doi":"10.31979/mrj.2023.1908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/mrj.2023.1908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150197,"journal":{"name":"McNair Research Journal SJSU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134457541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a mental health complication experienced during pregnancy and/or in the months following childbirth. Women may struggle to seek treatment due to lack of education, unstable relationships, lack of support, and being low-income. Some of these factors may be particularly salient for women of color. Cultural nuances may also deter these women from seeking treatment and finding support to help manage their PPD symptoms. Treatment options and therapy have demonstrated a reduction in symptoms for women experiencing PPD. Future directions are also discussed.
{"title":"Postpartum Depression in Women of Color","authors":"B. Sánchez","doi":"10.31979/mrj.2022.1806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/mrj.2022.1806","url":null,"abstract":"Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a mental health complication experienced during pregnancy and/or in the months following childbirth. Women may struggle to seek treatment due to lack of education, unstable relationships, lack of support, and being low-income. Some of these factors may be particularly salient for women of color. Cultural nuances may also deter these women from seeking treatment and finding support to help manage their PPD symptoms. Treatment options and therapy have demonstrated a reduction in symptoms for women experiencing PPD. Future directions are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":150197,"journal":{"name":"McNair Research Journal SJSU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124614328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When it comes to mental health, young children are often not researched and their tantrums or mood swings are not taken seriously, when in reality these small behavioral issues could be pointing to a larger issue. Children are the most overlooked when it comes to mental health diagnosis and treatment, unless the child begins to display extreme behavior (Philpott et al., 2019). However, preventative mental health care is arguably more pragmatic and less taboo than diagnosis and treatment. While there is research to support the use of exercise and nutrition in mental wellness, there is still not enough done within the children demographic to implement this in a strategic and routine way (Philpott, 2019). Some research has shown that teaching kids healthy habits, such as exercise and nutrition, can be effective as a preventative or treatment measure (Philpott et al., 2019). However, to our knowledge, no research has looked at multiple variables systematically (i.e., nutrition vs. exercise vs. nutrition + exercise) (Goddu, 2015).
{"title":"The Effects of Nutrition and Exercise on the Mental Wellness of Preschool Children","authors":"Reem Farhat","doi":"10.31979/mrj.2022.1808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/mrj.2022.1808","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to mental health, young children are often not researched and their tantrums or mood swings are not taken seriously, when in reality these small behavioral issues could be pointing to a larger issue. Children are the most overlooked when it comes to mental health diagnosis and treatment, unless the child begins to display extreme behavior (Philpott et al., 2019). However, preventative mental health care is arguably more pragmatic and less taboo than diagnosis and treatment. While there is research to support the use of exercise and nutrition in mental wellness, there is still not enough done within the children demographic to implement this in a strategic and routine way (Philpott, 2019). Some research has shown that teaching kids healthy habits, such as exercise and nutrition, can be effective as a preventative or treatment measure (Philpott et al., 2019). However, to our knowledge, no research has looked at multiple variables systematically (i.e., nutrition vs. exercise vs. nutrition + exercise) (Goddu, 2015).","PeriodicalId":150197,"journal":{"name":"McNair Research Journal SJSU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129051844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States. Humans are unable to regenerate their heart tissue following an injury. However, neonatal mice are able to regenerate their heart tissue when cardiomyocytes (CMs) proliferate. This regenerative ability is lost approximately one week after birth when proliferating mononucleated CMs become binucleated and can no longer complete the cell-cycle. Recent studies have shown the combined inhibition of thyroid hormone (T3) and norepinephrine (NE) increases CM proliferation, promotes heart regeneration, and reduces cell size in vivo . Using digital holographic microscopy, the aim of this study was to (1) validate the novel Halomonitor approach and (2) visualize and quantify the effects of T3 and NE on cardiomyocyte size. CMs were isolated from neonatal rats 1 to 2 days after birth which were then treated with NE and/or T3 in serum-free culture. Live cell imaging was visualized utilizing digital holographic microscopy and changes in CM dynamics and morphology were quantitatively tracked and analyzed using HoloMonitor software. The results from this study validate the HoloMonitor technology by demonstrating that NE induced hypertrophy in CMs after 12 hours. Our results also demonstrate the ability of HaloMonitor technology to differentiate between CMs and non-CMs in living, serum-free culture, while also studying and quantifying their dynamics in vitro . Lastly, our data shows that T3 has little effect on CM growth and that NE decreased CM motility.
{"title":"Visualizing Hormonal Effects on Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophic Growth Dynamics Using Digital Holographic Microscopy: Does Size Matter?","authors":"Jacquelyn Simmons","doi":"10.31979/mrj.2022.1807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/mrj.2022.1807","url":null,"abstract":"Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States. Humans are unable to regenerate their heart tissue following an injury. However, neonatal mice are able to regenerate their heart tissue when cardiomyocytes (CMs) proliferate. This regenerative ability is lost approximately one week after birth when proliferating mononucleated CMs become binucleated and can no longer complete the cell-cycle. Recent studies have shown the combined inhibition of thyroid hormone (T3) and norepinephrine (NE) increases CM proliferation, promotes heart regeneration, and reduces cell size in vivo . Using digital holographic microscopy, the aim of this study was to (1) validate the novel Halomonitor approach and (2) visualize and quantify the effects of T3 and NE on cardiomyocyte size. CMs were isolated from neonatal rats 1 to 2 days after birth which were then treated with NE and/or T3 in serum-free culture. Live cell imaging was visualized utilizing digital holographic microscopy and changes in CM dynamics and morphology were quantitatively tracked and analyzed using HoloMonitor software. The results from this study validate the HoloMonitor technology by demonstrating that NE induced hypertrophy in CMs after 12 hours. Our results also demonstrate the ability of HaloMonitor technology to differentiate between CMs and non-CMs in living, serum-free culture, while also studying and quantifying their dynamics in vitro . Lastly, our data shows that T3 has little effect on CM growth and that NE decreased CM motility.","PeriodicalId":150197,"journal":{"name":"McNair Research Journal SJSU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127930272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An individual’s culture, regardless of their geographical origin, is a vital component of the initial perspective they formulate of their environment. Customs and beliefs are knowingly and unknowingly passed down to descendants, allowing for such behaviors and points of view to live on after their practitioners are long gone. This is a particularly prominent trend in Mexican heritage when taking its conservative reputation into consideration especially its customs regarding gender roles. In terms of gender roles, machismo is a vital component that dictates much of the expectations placed on both the men and women of the culture. When immigration is added into the mix, however, the possibility of there being space for change becomes possible when exposed to a new culture and a new country. With this possibility for change, conflict can arise when the change goes against the norm.
{"title":"The Effect of Cultural and Traditional Customs on Mexican and Mexican-American Women’s Development of Identity in the Bay Area","authors":"Victoria Garcia","doi":"10.31979/mrj.2022.1805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31979/mrj.2022.1805","url":null,"abstract":"An individual’s culture, regardless of their geographical origin, is a vital component of the initial perspective they formulate of their environment. Customs and beliefs are knowingly and unknowingly passed down to descendants, allowing for such behaviors and points of view to live on after their practitioners are long gone. This is a particularly prominent trend in Mexican heritage when taking its conservative reputation into consideration especially its customs regarding gender roles. In terms of gender roles, machismo is a vital component that dictates much of the expectations placed on both the men and women of the culture. When immigration is added into the mix, however, the possibility of there being space for change becomes possible when exposed to a new culture and a new country. With this possibility for change, conflict can arise when the change goes against the norm.","PeriodicalId":150197,"journal":{"name":"McNair Research Journal SJSU","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128238272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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