Pub Date : 2017-04-19DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000180
Seda Karabulut, I. Keskin, Yusuf sagıroglu
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between semen parameters collected from sub-fertile patients, and to define the parameters correlated. The relationship between these parameters, if any, would help us understand the mechanisms involved in subfertility or infertility. Material and Methods: A total of 1404, who have admitted our infertility clinics due to failure of conception between February 2012 and October 2016, were included in the study. Semen parameters analyzed included sperm concentration (millions/ml), total motility rate (%), progressive motility rate (%) and normal sperm morphology rate (%). Results: Mean sperm concentration (millions/ml), mean total motility rate, mean progressive forward motility rate and mean normal sperm morphology rate were found to be 78.67 ± 81.39, 66.1% ± 19.85, 11.45% ± 13.55 and 2.3% ± 2.46, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was observed between all parameters (p<0.0001). Conclusion: As a conclusion, a strong correlation was observed between the sperm parameters in the semen samples of sub-fertile patients. This finding may help us understand the mechanisms that control these parameters.
{"title":"Relationship between Semen Parameters in Samples Obtained from Sub-fertilePatients","authors":"Seda Karabulut, I. Keskin, Yusuf sagıroglu","doi":"10.4172/2167-0250.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0250.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between semen parameters collected from sub-fertile patients, and to define the parameters correlated. The relationship between these parameters, if any, would help us understand the mechanisms involved in subfertility or infertility. Material and Methods: A total of 1404, who have admitted our infertility clinics due to failure of conception between February 2012 and October 2016, were included in the study. Semen parameters analyzed included sperm concentration (millions/ml), total motility rate (%), progressive motility rate (%) and normal sperm morphology rate (%). Results: Mean sperm concentration (millions/ml), mean total motility rate, mean progressive forward motility rate and mean normal sperm morphology rate were found to be 78.67 ± 81.39, 66.1% ± 19.85, 11.45% ± 13.55 and 2.3% ± 2.46, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was observed between all parameters (p<0.0001). Conclusion: As a conclusion, a strong correlation was observed between the sperm parameters in the semen samples of sub-fertile patients. This finding may help us understand the mechanisms that control these parameters.","PeriodicalId":15029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47677788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-08DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000179
M. Mathers, S. Roth, F. Sommer
Introduction and objective: Every Andrologist knows numerous cases in which men with normal testosterone values present with clinical signs of testosterone deficiency. We present cases in which eugonadal men show a measureable objective improvement in functioning and symptoms after testosterone supplementation. Case report: After testosterone supplementation two eugonadal men (total testosterone>8.00 ng/ml) improved on nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity monitoring (RigiScan®) with a 48.5 minutes increase (greater than 60% rigidity) at the base and 43.2 minutes at the tip compared to before supplementation. The second case an increase (greater than 60% rigidity) of 39.2 minutes at the base and 44.4 minutes at the tip. Furthermore International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Aging Male’s Symptom (AMS) scale improved after initiation of testosterone treatment. Discussion: There seems to be a discrepancy between laboratory findings in eugonadal men and symptoms of hypogonadism such as objective nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity, free testosterone and scores of questionnaires which address these symptoms. This inconsistency is discussed according to the literature. Conclusion: Controlled studies are desirable to verify that eugonadal men with testosterone deficiency symptoms can objectively and subjectively benefit from testosterone supplementation.
{"title":"Is Total Testosterone a Convincing Indicator for the Need for TestosteroneSupplementation? A Study of other Parameters: Nocturnal Penile Tumescence,Rigidity Monitoring and Questionnaires","authors":"M. Mathers, S. Roth, F. Sommer","doi":"10.4172/2167-0250.1000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0250.1000179","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and objective: Every Andrologist knows numerous cases in which men with normal testosterone values present with clinical signs of testosterone deficiency. We present cases in which eugonadal men show a measureable objective improvement in functioning and symptoms after testosterone supplementation. Case report: After testosterone supplementation two eugonadal men (total testosterone>8.00 ng/ml) improved on nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity monitoring (RigiScan®) with a 48.5 minutes increase (greater than 60% rigidity) at the base and 43.2 minutes at the tip compared to before supplementation. The second case an increase (greater than 60% rigidity) of 39.2 minutes at the base and 44.4 minutes at the tip. Furthermore International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Aging Male’s Symptom (AMS) scale improved after initiation of testosterone treatment. Discussion: There seems to be a discrepancy between laboratory findings in eugonadal men and symptoms of hypogonadism such as objective nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity, free testosterone and scores of questionnaires which address these symptoms. This inconsistency is discussed according to the literature. Conclusion: Controlled studies are desirable to verify that eugonadal men with testosterone deficiency symptoms can objectively and subjectively benefit from testosterone supplementation.","PeriodicalId":15029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of andrology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44689453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-29DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000176
Natchagande Gilles, Avakoudjo Dedjinin, Agounkpe Michel Michael, Amegayibor Obube, Yevi Magloire Ines Dodji, Hodonou Fred, K. Adamou, Hounnasso Prince Pascal
Objectives: Premature ejaculation is the most common sexual disorder whose definition is still very controversial. The purpose of this study is to assess its incidence, social impact and support in our population. Methodology: It was a descriptive and cross-cutting study which took place in CNHU HKM and Menontin district hospital over a period of one month from 15th May to 15th June 2016. Outcomes: 42.2% of the study population are faced with premature ejaculation. The average age of premature ejaculators was 39.0 years ± 13.5. The average intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) among premature ejaculators was 7.8 min ± 8.4 against 11.95 min ± 8.9 for non-premature ejaculators. 74.9% of respondents’ partners were satisfied with the intravaginal ejaculation latency time of their spouse. Only 28.1% of premature ejaculators resorted to treatment at least once to improve their intravaginal ejaculation latency time. Conclusion: Premature ejaculation is a cross-cutting issue in the population but the absence of consensus on its parameters prevents a satisfactory research.
{"title":"Premature Ejaculation in Cotonou","authors":"Natchagande Gilles, Avakoudjo Dedjinin, Agounkpe Michel Michael, Amegayibor Obube, Yevi Magloire Ines Dodji, Hodonou Fred, K. Adamou, Hounnasso Prince Pascal","doi":"10.4172/2167-0250.1000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0250.1000176","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Premature ejaculation is the most common sexual disorder whose definition is still very controversial. The purpose of this study is to assess its incidence, social impact and support in our population. Methodology: It was a descriptive and cross-cutting study which took place in CNHU HKM and Menontin district hospital over a period of one month from 15th May to 15th June 2016. Outcomes: 42.2% of the study population are faced with premature ejaculation. The average age of premature ejaculators was 39.0 years ± 13.5. The average intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) among premature ejaculators was 7.8 min ± 8.4 against 11.95 min ± 8.9 for non-premature ejaculators. 74.9% of respondents’ partners were satisfied with the intravaginal ejaculation latency time of their spouse. Only 28.1% of premature ejaculators resorted to treatment at least once to improve their intravaginal ejaculation latency time. Conclusion: Premature ejaculation is a cross-cutting issue in the population but the absence of consensus on its parameters prevents a satisfactory research.","PeriodicalId":15029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of andrology","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-0250.1000176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48317130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-24DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000175
A. Verri, D’Angelo Carmen, Cremante Anna, Clerici Federica, Mauri Anna, C. Chiara
Sex Chromosomal Aneuploidies (SCAs) are the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormalities with an incidence of 1 in 450 births. Males with SCAs are known to have variability in their developmental profile. Aim of this paper is to illustrate clinical variability in the different SCAs. The sample was composed by 53 subjects (mean age=21.16 years, range: 13-54) with karyotype 47, XXY (73%), 49, XXXXY (7%), 48, XXYY (9%), mosaicism 47, XXY/48, XXXY (2%), 47, XYY (5%), 48, XXXY (2%), 49, XXXYY (2%). Only 5 subjects have been diagnosed prenatally (4 KS and 1 XXYY). Primary caregivers completed a comprehensive questionnaire detailing birth, medical, developmental and psychological history. Cognitive and behavioral assessment was performed with clinical interviews with DSM IV criteria and psychometric questionnaires (WISC-R, WAIS-R, CPM, Token Test, VABS, SCL90, and SCQ). Twenty-one sex and age matched subjects karyotypically normal were also evaluated from the behavioural point of view. Mean IQ in typical KS was 87.45 ± 2 ds (sd=20.12) range 45-123, VIQ 91.74 (sd=19.55) range 50-130 and PIQ 86.87 (sd=20.87) range 50-126. Mean IQ in other SCAs was 68.71 (sd=20.81) range 45-106, VIQ 69.36 (sd=21.97) range 47-113 and PIQ 74.72 (sd=21.70) range 45-112. In CPM KS subjects scored 27.75 (range 13-36) and 31.50 in the Token Test (range 21-35) while in CPM the other SCAs subjects scored 22.27 (range 10-35) and 22.50 (range 9-31) in the Token Test (p<0.05). VABS scores documented more marked impairment on adaptive behavior in atypical SCAs subjects. SCL90 documented an elevation of paranoid scale in the 70% of KS subjects and 50% of other SCAs. Autistic traits were present in 67% of the other SCAs subjects and in the 18% of KS at the SCQ. A precise identification of the cognitive and behavioral phenotype in different SCAs may enhance the clinical treatment, anticipatory guidance, and care throughout the lifespan.
{"title":"Variability in Cognitive Behavioral Phenotypes in Klinefelter Syndrome (KS)and Other Sex Chromosomal Aneuploidies (SCAs)","authors":"A. Verri, D’Angelo Carmen, Cremante Anna, Clerici Federica, Mauri Anna, C. Chiara","doi":"10.4172/2167-0250.1000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0250.1000175","url":null,"abstract":"Sex Chromosomal Aneuploidies (SCAs) are the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormalities with an incidence of 1 in 450 births. Males with SCAs are known to have variability in their developmental profile. Aim of this paper is to illustrate clinical variability in the different SCAs. The sample was composed by 53 subjects (mean age=21.16 years, range: 13-54) with karyotype 47, XXY (73%), 49, XXXXY (7%), 48, XXYY (9%), mosaicism 47, XXY/48, XXXY (2%), 47, XYY (5%), 48, XXXY (2%), 49, XXXYY (2%). Only 5 subjects have been diagnosed prenatally (4 KS and 1 XXYY). Primary caregivers completed a comprehensive questionnaire detailing birth, medical, developmental and psychological history. Cognitive and behavioral assessment was performed with clinical interviews with DSM IV criteria and psychometric questionnaires (WISC-R, WAIS-R, CPM, Token Test, VABS, SCL90, and SCQ). Twenty-one sex and age matched subjects karyotypically normal were also evaluated from the behavioural point of view. Mean IQ in typical KS was 87.45 ± 2 ds (sd=20.12) range 45-123, VIQ 91.74 (sd=19.55) range 50-130 and PIQ 86.87 (sd=20.87) range 50-126. Mean IQ in other SCAs was 68.71 (sd=20.81) range 45-106, VIQ 69.36 (sd=21.97) range 47-113 and PIQ 74.72 (sd=21.70) range 45-112. In CPM KS subjects scored 27.75 (range 13-36) and 31.50 in the Token Test (range 21-35) while in CPM the other SCAs subjects scored 22.27 (range 10-35) and 22.50 (range 9-31) in the Token Test (p<0.05). VABS scores documented more marked impairment on adaptive behavior in atypical SCAs subjects. SCL90 documented an elevation of paranoid scale in the 70% of KS subjects and 50% of other SCAs. Autistic traits were present in 67% of the other SCAs subjects and in the 18% of KS at the SCQ. A precise identification of the cognitive and behavioral phenotype in different SCAs may enhance the clinical treatment, anticipatory guidance, and care throughout the lifespan.","PeriodicalId":15029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of andrology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-0250.1000175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45772486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-24DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000177
M. Mathers, M. Schoene, F. Sommer
Background: This study estimated combined prevalence of Lifelong and Acquired PE in German adult men and assessed potential risk factors and coping methods for PE. Methods: In October 2012 this online survey of a representative sample of the German male population aged 18-64 years (n=2,459) used an active pre-existing and independent online panal. Results: Prevalence of PE as a ‘sexual dysfunction’ according to the modified ISSM definition of was 3.3% (n=81), whereas the prevalence of PE as a ‘sexual complaint’ (i.e., men who estimated their time to ejaculation was occasionally very short, suffered to some extent from PE and had a lack of ejaculation control) was 14.5% (n=356). Men attributed PE predominantly to particularly high sexual arousal (75%) or a long time since the last sexual intercourse (53%), but less than one third of all men with PE (30%) considered PE a ‘disease’. Potential selfreported risk factors showed significant differences (P<0.05) for overweight (21% vs 30%), depression (9% vs 14%) and erectile dysfunction (3% vs 15%) between men without and with PE. Conclusions: All men perceived PE as a ‘sexual difficulty’ and suffered from a very short time to ejaculation and/or the inability to control that time.
{"title":"Coping with Premature Ejaculation: An Online Survey in a RepresentativeSample of the German Male Population Aged 18 to 64 Years","authors":"M. Mathers, M. Schoene, F. Sommer","doi":"10.4172/2167-0250.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0250.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study estimated combined prevalence of Lifelong and Acquired PE in German adult men and assessed potential risk factors and coping methods for PE. Methods: In October 2012 this online survey of a representative sample of the German male population aged 18-64 years (n=2,459) used an active pre-existing and independent online panal. Results: Prevalence of PE as a ‘sexual dysfunction’ according to the modified ISSM definition of was 3.3% (n=81), whereas the prevalence of PE as a ‘sexual complaint’ (i.e., men who estimated their time to ejaculation was occasionally very short, suffered to some extent from PE and had a lack of ejaculation control) was 14.5% (n=356). Men attributed PE predominantly to particularly high sexual arousal (75%) or a long time since the last sexual intercourse (53%), but less than one third of all men with PE (30%) considered PE a ‘disease’. Potential selfreported risk factors showed significant differences (P<0.05) for overweight (21% vs 30%), depression (9% vs 14%) and erectile dysfunction (3% vs 15%) between men without and with PE. Conclusions: All men perceived PE as a ‘sexual difficulty’ and suffered from a very short time to ejaculation and/or the inability to control that time.","PeriodicalId":15029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of andrology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44846209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-20DOI: 10.4172/2472-1212.1000174
Rozina La
{"title":"Ultrasound Characterization of Patients with MAGI (Male Accessory Gland Infection): Importance of the Topic","authors":"Rozina La","doi":"10.4172/2472-1212.1000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2472-1212.1000174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of andrology","volume":"06 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2472-1212.1000174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46099109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000187
Lixia Zhou, Qiuju Chen, Xiaowei Wen, S. Xue, Q. Lyu, Y. Kuang, W. Chai
Purpose: Chronic stress represents a critical influence on ageing of Leydig cells in testis. We aimed to investigate expression changes of microRNA (miRNA) associated with stress-induced ageing in Leydig cells.Methods: Brown Norway rats were separated into three groups, young control group, stress group and age group. Physiological changes, including serum corticosterone and testosterone levels, 11β-HSD (11β- hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase) activity, GSH/GSSG (glutathione/glutathione disulfide) ratio and DNA damage after chronic stress treatment were tested by radioimmunoassay and Immunohistochemistry. Differentially expressed miRNAs in Leydig cells between young control group and stress group were identified by miRNA microarray analysis, followed by target prediction of miRNAs. Functional annotation of predicted targets of miRNA was carried out using GeneSpring software and miRNA-target gene interaction network was built by String software.Results: Under chronic stress, increased serum corticosterone levels and reduced testosterone levels were observed. Meanwhile, decline of 11β-HSD activity and GSH/GSSG ratio, increase of DNA damage were also shown in stress group. After performed miRNA microarray analysis, three differentially expressed miRNAs were screened out, including rno-miR-31a-5p, rno-miR-192-5p and rno-miR-191a-3p. Targets of them were mainly involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and transport. In miRNA-target gene interaction network, targets of miR-31a-5p (Tp53, Ywhae and Ndel1), and targets of miR-192-5p (Cdk2, Rac2, Stk3) were with higher degree.Conclusion: These data suggest a central role of miRNA-regulated gene expression in response to chronic stress, especially dys-regulation of rno-miR-31a-5p and rno-miR-192-5p play a vital role in ageing of Leydig cells in testis.
{"title":"Alternations in miRNA Expression in Chronic Stress-Induced Ageing of Leydig Cells","authors":"Lixia Zhou, Qiuju Chen, Xiaowei Wen, S. Xue, Q. Lyu, Y. Kuang, W. Chai","doi":"10.4172/2167-0250.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0250.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Chronic stress represents a critical influence on ageing of Leydig cells in testis. We aimed to investigate expression changes of microRNA (miRNA) associated with stress-induced ageing in Leydig cells.Methods: Brown Norway rats were separated into three groups, young control group, stress group and age group. Physiological changes, including serum corticosterone and testosterone levels, 11β-HSD (11β- hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase) activity, GSH/GSSG (glutathione/glutathione disulfide) ratio and DNA damage after chronic stress treatment were tested by radioimmunoassay and Immunohistochemistry. Differentially expressed miRNAs in Leydig cells between young control group and stress group were identified by miRNA microarray analysis, followed by target prediction of miRNAs. Functional annotation of predicted targets of miRNA was carried out using GeneSpring software and miRNA-target gene interaction network was built by String software.Results: Under chronic stress, increased serum corticosterone levels and reduced testosterone levels were observed. Meanwhile, decline of 11β-HSD activity and GSH/GSSG ratio, increase of DNA damage were also shown in stress group. After performed miRNA microarray analysis, three differentially expressed miRNAs were screened out, including rno-miR-31a-5p, rno-miR-192-5p and rno-miR-191a-3p. Targets of them were mainly involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and transport. In miRNA-target gene interaction network, targets of miR-31a-5p (Tp53, Ywhae and Ndel1), and targets of miR-192-5p (Cdk2, Rac2, Stk3) were with higher degree.Conclusion: These data suggest a central role of miRNA-regulated gene expression in response to chronic stress, especially dys-regulation of rno-miR-31a-5p and rno-miR-192-5p play a vital role in ageing of Leydig cells in testis.","PeriodicalId":15029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of andrology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70784218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000185
M. Sousa, C. Ferreira, Ana Rabaça, R. Sá
Pharmaceutical development is a crucial research field that attends to the population healthcare needs, comprising several preclinical and clinical steps before the approval of a new compound. Interestingly, the lack of efficacy and toxicity are known major failure causes during pharmaceutical drug development. Toxicity screening is therefore a mandatory procedure during pharmaceutical development. Renal and hepatic toxicity are the most common toxicity matters encountered during the development of new compounds. Nonetheless, the male reproductive system may also be a target for drug toxicity. However, developmental and reproductive toxicology testing is rarely performed both in pre-clinical and clinical trial phases. As a result, there are several risks for human fertility brought on by putative toxic chemical compounds. As there is a low incidence of reproductive and testicular toxicity (TT) found at the early stages of pharmaceutical development, several companies devote the majority of research investments to more frequent areas of occurrence. Such prioritization has resulted in scarce rigorous efforts aimed at improving detection methods to understand the causes of TT. Pharmaceutical companies should include comprehensive studies and more precise methods for TT evaluation when developing new pharmacological drugs, and should focus on the effects of the new chemical compound on male’s reproductive functions.
{"title":"Assessing Male Reproductive Toxicity during Drug Development","authors":"M. Sousa, C. Ferreira, Ana Rabaça, R. Sá","doi":"10.4172/2167-0250.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0250.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical development is a crucial research field that attends to the population healthcare needs, comprising several preclinical and clinical steps before the approval of a new compound. Interestingly, the lack of efficacy and toxicity are known major failure causes during pharmaceutical drug development. Toxicity screening is therefore a mandatory procedure during pharmaceutical development. Renal and hepatic toxicity are the most common toxicity matters encountered during the development of new compounds. Nonetheless, the male reproductive system may also be a target for drug toxicity. However, developmental and reproductive toxicology testing is rarely performed both in pre-clinical and clinical trial phases. As a result, there are several risks for human fertility brought on by putative toxic chemical compounds. As there is a low incidence of reproductive and testicular toxicity (TT) found at the early stages of pharmaceutical development, several companies devote the majority of research investments to more frequent areas of occurrence. Such prioritization has resulted in scarce rigorous efforts aimed at improving detection methods to understand the causes of TT. Pharmaceutical companies should include comprehensive studies and more precise methods for TT evaluation when developing new pharmacological drugs, and should focus on the effects of the new chemical compound on male’s reproductive functions.","PeriodicalId":15029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of andrology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-0250.1000185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70784007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000195
T. Li, W. Liu, N. Xie, Yang Sj, C. Zhang, Fu Hl, X. Gao
Objective: Using correlation analysis between the sperm spontaneous acrosome reaction rate (SARR) and routine semen parameters in male infertility patients, we explored the value of the sperm spontaneous acrosome reaction in the evaluation of sperm functions. Methods: The participants comprised of 219 male infertility patients who had visited the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University from October 2016 to March 2017. According to the sperm SARR, we classified the patients with infertility into the control group and the case group. According to the WHO human semen examination and processing laboratory manual, fifth edition, recommendations and standards. We obtained routine semen parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration, total motility, and progressive sperm rate, and we measured sperm motility rate and the proportion of sperm with normal morphology. Results: With regard to the total motility, progressive sperm rate, sperm survival rate and the proportion of sperm with normal morphology, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (p 0.05). Conclusion: Sperm SARR in patients with infertility is closely related to routine semen parameters and plays a supplementary reference in male fertility evaluation.
{"title":"Value Analysis of Sperm Spontaneous Acrosome Reaction in Male Fertility Evaluation","authors":"T. Li, W. Liu, N. Xie, Yang Sj, C. Zhang, Fu Hl, X. Gao","doi":"10.4172/2167-0250.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0250.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Using correlation analysis between the sperm spontaneous acrosome reaction rate (SARR) and routine semen parameters in male infertility patients, we explored the value of the sperm spontaneous acrosome reaction in the evaluation of sperm functions. Methods: The participants comprised of 219 male infertility patients who had visited the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University from October 2016 to March 2017. According to the sperm SARR, we classified the patients with infertility into the control group and the case group. According to the WHO human semen examination and processing laboratory manual, fifth edition, recommendations and standards. We obtained routine semen parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration, total motility, and progressive sperm rate, and we measured sperm motility rate and the proportion of sperm with normal morphology. Results: With regard to the total motility, progressive sperm rate, sperm survival rate and the proportion of sperm with normal morphology, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (p 0.05). Conclusion: Sperm SARR in patients with infertility is closely related to routine semen parameters and plays a supplementary reference in male fertility evaluation.","PeriodicalId":15029,"journal":{"name":"Journal of andrology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70784494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-0250.1000190
da Cunha Icn, A. deAscencaoRocha, Quirino Cr, Gimenes All
In many species, including the dog (Canis familiaris), semen analysis protocols has improved in recent years. In vitro assessment of semen quality provides important information; however, the ultimate parameter for determining semen quality is pregnancy outcome. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of in vitro sperm tests in predicting seminal quality in dogs by correlating those results with pregnancy success after artificial insemination (AI). Forty-eight semen samples refrigerated for 24, 48 or 72 hours were examined for sperm motility and progressive motility, membrane integrity, and zona pellucida-binding capacity before being used to artificially inseminate bitches. Results indicated positive correlations between pregnancy success and sperm motility (0.77), vigor (0.72), membrane integrity (0.72) and zona pellucida-binding (0.81). Both pregnancy success and the sperm characteristics declined with increased semen storage time. In conclusion, the semen characteristics evaluated in this study can be used to predict the conception potential of semen samples in the dog.
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