Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2080517
A. Swanepoel, Harsha S. C. Galkanda‐Arachchige, X. Qiu, D. Davis
ABSTRACT In view of the variability in recommendations for essential amino acid (EAA) and the use of amino acids supplements in shrimp diets, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of crystalline amino acids (CAA) in practical shrimp feeds. The basal diet was designed to contain 30% protein and 6% lipid. The primary protein source of the basal diet included: 5% fishmeal, 37% soybean, and 5% gelatin. The intact protein was incrementally reduced to produce diets with 28%, 26%, 24%, and 22% protein. In a second series of diets, CAA were supplemented to the reduced protein diets to return the diets to 30% crude protein. Thus, producing a series of diets containing 30% protein with 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% crystalline amino acids. The trial was conducted twice to confirm results. Data within treatments for both trials were variable, resulting in limited statistical differences. From a biological standpoint, percentage weight gain (PWG) and mean final weight (MFW) appeared to decrease with intact protein level of the diet (R2 value [PWG], trial 1: 0.30, trial 2: 0.34, R2 value, [MFW] trial 1: 0.44, trial 2: 0.38). None of the diets with supplemented CAA appeared to have reached the same MFW or PWG as the basal diet. Another trial was run using a fishmeal-based diet (30% CP), which in theory should be replete in all essential amino acids, and a soybean meal-based diet at two different protein levels (30% and 35% CP). The soybean meal-based diets were supplemented with essential CAA in one set and only methionine in another to reach the same level as a percent protein, compared to the fishmeal-based diet. No significant differences were observed between the diets in terms of PWG. However, the fishmeal-based diet seemed to outperform most of the other diets in terms of protein retention efficiency. Based on the results of these trials, it is questionable whether CAA are sufficiently utilized by shrimp.
{"title":"Utilization of crystalline amino acids by Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"A. Swanepoel, Harsha S. C. Galkanda‐Arachchige, X. Qiu, D. Davis","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2022.2080517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2022.2080517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In view of the variability in recommendations for essential amino acid (EAA) and the use of amino acids supplements in shrimp diets, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of crystalline amino acids (CAA) in practical shrimp feeds. The basal diet was designed to contain 30% protein and 6% lipid. The primary protein source of the basal diet included: 5% fishmeal, 37% soybean, and 5% gelatin. The intact protein was incrementally reduced to produce diets with 28%, 26%, 24%, and 22% protein. In a second series of diets, CAA were supplemented to the reduced protein diets to return the diets to 30% crude protein. Thus, producing a series of diets containing 30% protein with 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% crystalline amino acids. The trial was conducted twice to confirm results. Data within treatments for both trials were variable, resulting in limited statistical differences. From a biological standpoint, percentage weight gain (PWG) and mean final weight (MFW) appeared to decrease with intact protein level of the diet (R2 value [PWG], trial 1: 0.30, trial 2: 0.34, R2 value, [MFW] trial 1: 0.44, trial 2: 0.38). None of the diets with supplemented CAA appeared to have reached the same MFW or PWG as the basal diet. Another trial was run using a fishmeal-based diet (30% CP), which in theory should be replete in all essential amino acids, and a soybean meal-based diet at two different protein levels (30% and 35% CP). The soybean meal-based diets were supplemented with essential CAA in one set and only methionine in another to reach the same level as a percent protein, compared to the fishmeal-based diet. No significant differences were observed between the diets in terms of PWG. However, the fishmeal-based diet seemed to outperform most of the other diets in terms of protein retention efficiency. Based on the results of these trials, it is questionable whether CAA are sufficiently utilized by shrimp.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47204114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2081064
Marco Aurélio Lopes Della Flora, L. P. da Silva, Cátia Aline Veiverberg, S. Martinelli, B. Loureiro, M. O. Dalcin, R. K. Luz, Welligton Conceição da Silva, P. A. Ribeiro, R.N.C. Camargo Júnior
ABSTRACT This work was to evaluate the effect of different starch sources on the performance and metabolism of Piaractus mesopotamicus. Three isonitrogenous (300 g kg−1 crude protein) and isolipidic (55 g kg−1 crude lipid) diets containing carbohydrate sources (corn, broken rice or sorghum) were formulated. Each experimental diet was fed to five groups (25 fish, 12.13 ± 0.09 g, per tank), three times a day during a period of 60 days. Cholesterol was lower in sorghum, and high density lipoproteins and hepatic glycogen were higher with the use of sorghum (P < .05). Low density lipoprotein was higher when feeding with corn. Plasma glucose was higher in treatments with broken rice and corn. Sorghum led to lower values of hepatosomatic, visceral and digestive somatic indexes. Enzymes activities (amylase, lipase, maltase) reduced their activities in fish fed with sorghum. Broken rice resulted in higher lipid content and lipid retention coefficient in whole fish. The data suggest that the growth of Piaractus mesopotamicus and digestibility are not affected by the chemical composition of starch from the carbohydrate sources tested, however, different metabolic behaviors occurred, either from the starch content in diet, the starch composition of each ingredient, or the pro-nutritional effect of sorghum.
{"title":"Energetic metabolism of Piaractus mesopotamicus fed with starch sources in the diet","authors":"Marco Aurélio Lopes Della Flora, L. P. da Silva, Cátia Aline Veiverberg, S. Martinelli, B. Loureiro, M. O. Dalcin, R. K. Luz, Welligton Conceição da Silva, P. A. Ribeiro, R.N.C. Camargo Júnior","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2022.2081064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2022.2081064","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work was to evaluate the effect of different starch sources on the performance and metabolism of Piaractus mesopotamicus. Three isonitrogenous (300 g kg−1 crude protein) and isolipidic (55 g kg−1 crude lipid) diets containing carbohydrate sources (corn, broken rice or sorghum) were formulated. Each experimental diet was fed to five groups (25 fish, 12.13 ± 0.09 g, per tank), three times a day during a period of 60 days. Cholesterol was lower in sorghum, and high density lipoproteins and hepatic glycogen were higher with the use of sorghum (P < .05). Low density lipoprotein was higher when feeding with corn. Plasma glucose was higher in treatments with broken rice and corn. Sorghum led to lower values of hepatosomatic, visceral and digestive somatic indexes. Enzymes activities (amylase, lipase, maltase) reduced their activities in fish fed with sorghum. Broken rice resulted in higher lipid content and lipid retention coefficient in whole fish. The data suggest that the growth of Piaractus mesopotamicus and digestibility are not affected by the chemical composition of starch from the carbohydrate sources tested, however, different metabolic behaviors occurred, either from the starch content in diet, the starch composition of each ingredient, or the pro-nutritional effect of sorghum.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49288809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2063703
Cecilia Eny Indriastuti, M. Zairin, M. Suprayudi, E. Supriyono, A. Alimuddin
ABSTRACT There were two stocking densities (i.e. 9,000 and 12,000 larvae m−2), two doses of 17β-estradiol and control without any hormonal treatment i.e. 0, 2.5, and 5 mg L−1. Hormone were given by immersing larvae in water for six hours to reduce cannibalism in African catfish larvae. Fishes were reared for 14 days intensively. The highest fish survival was at a stocking density of 12,000 larvae m−2 with 2.5 mg L−1 17β-estradiol. Cannibalism decreased at higher densities compared to the control. The level of 17β-estradiol in treated fish tended to be higher than that of the control group but the coefficient of variance decreased. At the end of rearing, the use of 17β-estradiol at higher densities improved the specific growth rate and relative body length.
{"title":"Cannibalism and survivorship of early juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus in relation to stocking density and 17β-estradiol treatment","authors":"Cecilia Eny Indriastuti, M. Zairin, M. Suprayudi, E. Supriyono, A. Alimuddin","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2022.2063703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2022.2063703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There were two stocking densities (i.e. 9,000 and 12,000 larvae m−2), two doses of 17β-estradiol and control without any hormonal treatment i.e. 0, 2.5, and 5 mg L−1. Hormone were given by immersing larvae in water for six hours to reduce cannibalism in African catfish larvae. Fishes were reared for 14 days intensively. The highest fish survival was at a stocking density of 12,000 larvae m−2 with 2.5 mg L−1 17β-estradiol. Cannibalism decreased at higher densities compared to the control. The level of 17β-estradiol in treated fish tended to be higher than that of the control group but the coefficient of variance decreased. At the end of rearing, the use of 17β-estradiol at higher densities improved the specific growth rate and relative body length.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44278520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2047867
Ignacio García, J. R. Garcia de Souza, S. E. Plaul, Leandro Miranda, D. Colautti
ABSTRACT Cheirodon interruptus is a small characid widely distributed in South America and frequently used as bait. The harvesting of wild fish to supply the market has a significant environmental impact. The effect of photoperiod and temperature on ovarian maturation is assessed to evaluate its potential to manipulate reproduction. Fish were exposed to three treatments (in triplicate): (light hours: L/temperature: °C) 12 L/20°C, 24 L/20-25°C, and 9.8–13.3 L/20-25°C. Gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma estradiol (E2), oocyte diameter, and vitellogenic oocyte percentage were estimated. Mean GSI, E2 values, oocyte diameter, and percentage were significantly higher in 9.8–13.3 L/20-25°C than in the other treatments, indicating ovarian maturation. In turn, these values were minimal in the 24 L/20-25°C treatment, revealing ovarian regression. These results suggest that in C. interruptus, the photoperiod is the primary driver of gonadal maturation and the temperature plays a secondary role. This study demonstrated that manipulation of ovarian development is possible through the design of photothermal regimes based on the winter-spring transition.
{"title":"Effect of photoperiod and temperature on ovarian maturation in the small characid fish Cheirodon interruptus","authors":"Ignacio García, J. R. Garcia de Souza, S. E. Plaul, Leandro Miranda, D. Colautti","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2022.2047867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2022.2047867","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cheirodon interruptus is a small characid widely distributed in South America and frequently used as bait. The harvesting of wild fish to supply the market has a significant environmental impact. The effect of photoperiod and temperature on ovarian maturation is assessed to evaluate its potential to manipulate reproduction. Fish were exposed to three treatments (in triplicate): (light hours: L/temperature: °C) 12 L/20°C, 24 L/20-25°C, and 9.8–13.3 L/20-25°C. Gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma estradiol (E2), oocyte diameter, and vitellogenic oocyte percentage were estimated. Mean GSI, E2 values, oocyte diameter, and percentage were significantly higher in 9.8–13.3 L/20-25°C than in the other treatments, indicating ovarian maturation. In turn, these values were minimal in the 24 L/20-25°C treatment, revealing ovarian regression. These results suggest that in C. interruptus, the photoperiod is the primary driver of gonadal maturation and the temperature plays a secondary role. This study demonstrated that manipulation of ovarian development is possible through the design of photothermal regimes based on the winter-spring transition.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41762897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2044957
L. F. Montenegro, P. T. Garcia, A. Descalzo, C. Pérez
ABSTRACT Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) is one of the most widely produced herbivorous species worldwide. However, forage feeding is not well studied in this species. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding a diet based on Lolium multiflorum (ryegrass) on the growth performance and fatty acid composition in the meat of juvenile C. idella. For this purpose, juveniles were fed two different diets for 120 days: i) grains and their by-products (GD) and ii) Lolium multiflorum (PD). At 60 and 120 days of feeding, the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, protein efficiency, viscerosomatic index and condition factor were determined. The fatty acid profile and lipid nutritional indices of the meat were measured at 120 days. The GD group exhibited higher weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor than the PD group. The GD group also had a higher conversion rate at the expense of greater fat content and elevated viscerosomatic index. The greater viscera development may explain the higher weight gain in the GD group. Healthy fatty acids, such as Alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids, were more elevated in the PD group while linoleic fatty acid (LA) was lower. Hence, LA induced a decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio. In addition, hypercholesterolemic and atherogenetic saturated fatty acids were lower in the PD. This variation reduced the atherogenic, thrombogenicity and peroxidability indices. Therefore, better nutritional quality in the meat compensated for the lower growth of the fish on the PD.
{"title":"Lolium multiflorum (ryegrass) diet modifies the productive response and enhances the meat of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) with omega 3 fatty acid beneficial to human health","authors":"L. F. Montenegro, P. T. Garcia, A. Descalzo, C. Pérez","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2022.2044957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2022.2044957","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) is one of the most widely produced herbivorous species worldwide. However, forage feeding is not well studied in this species. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding a diet based on Lolium multiflorum (ryegrass) on the growth performance and fatty acid composition in the meat of juvenile C. idella. For this purpose, juveniles were fed two different diets for 120 days: i) grains and their by-products (GD) and ii) Lolium multiflorum (PD). At 60 and 120 days of feeding, the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, protein efficiency, viscerosomatic index and condition factor were determined. The fatty acid profile and lipid nutritional indices of the meat were measured at 120 days. The GD group exhibited higher weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor than the PD group. The GD group also had a higher conversion rate at the expense of greater fat content and elevated viscerosomatic index. The greater viscera development may explain the higher weight gain in the GD group. Healthy fatty acids, such as Alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids, were more elevated in the PD group while linoleic fatty acid (LA) was lower. Hence, LA induced a decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio. In addition, hypercholesterolemic and atherogenetic saturated fatty acids were lower in the PD. This variation reduced the atherogenic, thrombogenicity and peroxidability indices. Therefore, better nutritional quality in the meat compensated for the lower growth of the fish on the PD.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48409620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2044958
Aoi Koga, Shinsuke Takiguchi, Yusaku Tani, K. Ozaki, T. Maki, Hiroshi Okuhata, Satoshi Tanaka, S. Hayashi, Shinjiro Yamamoto, Hitoshi Miyasaka
ABSTRACT In a field study, the probiotic effects of a freshwater purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium (PNSB), Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and a marine PNSB, Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, on kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) were compared by using two commercially operating shrimp ponds. Shrimp were fed with feed containing 0.01% fresh weight (106 cfu/g feed) of PNSB cells for 152 d. The marine PNSB showed a better performance than the freshwater PNSB in average body weight at harvest time, survival rate (P < 0.001 by Fisher’s exact test), and feed conversion rate. The effects of freshwater and marine PNSB on shrimp gene expression were also compared by next-generation sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR. Both freshwater and marine PNSB promoted the expression of several genes related to the innate immune system, including NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, antimicrobial peptides, and lectins, and the promotive effect of marine PNSB was stronger than that of freshwater PNSB. The cost of PNSB was calculated to be US$ 0.003–0.005 per kg feed; thus, marine PNSB is a cost-effective and feasible probiotic for shrimp aquaculture.
{"title":"Comparison of the probiotic effects of freshwater and marine photosynthetic bacteria in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) culture","authors":"Aoi Koga, Shinsuke Takiguchi, Yusaku Tani, K. Ozaki, T. Maki, Hiroshi Okuhata, Satoshi Tanaka, S. Hayashi, Shinjiro Yamamoto, Hitoshi Miyasaka","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2022.2044958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2022.2044958","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In a field study, the probiotic effects of a freshwater purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium (PNSB), Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and a marine PNSB, Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, on kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) were compared by using two commercially operating shrimp ponds. Shrimp were fed with feed containing 0.01% fresh weight (106 cfu/g feed) of PNSB cells for 152 d. The marine PNSB showed a better performance than the freshwater PNSB in average body weight at harvest time, survival rate (P < 0.001 by Fisher’s exact test), and feed conversion rate. The effects of freshwater and marine PNSB on shrimp gene expression were also compared by next-generation sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR. Both freshwater and marine PNSB promoted the expression of several genes related to the innate immune system, including NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, antimicrobial peptides, and lectins, and the promotive effect of marine PNSB was stronger than that of freshwater PNSB. The cost of PNSB was calculated to be US$ 0.003–0.005 per kg feed; thus, marine PNSB is a cost-effective and feasible probiotic for shrimp aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47860772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2037488
Z. Bouraoui, A. Amri, J. Jebali, T. Gharred, H. Guerbèj
ABSTRACT In the aquaculture industry, the transfer of lipids from the diet to fish to consumer is of great importance. Special attention is being given by researchers, feed manufactures and farmers to optimize the use of feeds to provide efficient production and the best use of dietary resources in the growth of healthy and nutritious aquaculture species. In this sense, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid reduction in seabream (Sparus aurata) and to assess whether reducing dietary lipid level could improve the quality of the fish without impairing their welfare. Two diets were formulated containing 20% (control) and 10% (hypolidimic) lipid levels. Fish were fed the formulated diets for nine weeks and sampling was conducted after three, six and nine weeks in order to follow the trend of the different parameters studied according to the rearing period. The results showed that the decreased dietary lipid did not significantly affect fish growth level. The total lipid content, diminished significantly by 11% and 8% after six and nine weeks, respectively, in fish fed on the lower lipid diet compared with fish fed the higher lipid level. Plasma cholesterol (CHOL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly reduced only after nine weeks. The total saturated fatty acid (SFA), total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels were significantly reduced after six and nine weeks. The oxidative state, as a biomarker welfare was investigated and the results show that catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and sulfhydryl proteins (PSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were not affected significantly during the study. It may be concluded that, under the experimental conditions, the decrease of dietary lipid levels from 20% to 10% could improve the fish quality without impairing fish welfare.
{"title":"Effects of dietary lipid reduction on lipid composition, fatty acid profile, plasma lipoproteins and antioxidant status in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)","authors":"Z. Bouraoui, A. Amri, J. Jebali, T. Gharred, H. Guerbèj","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2022.2037488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2022.2037488","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the aquaculture industry, the transfer of lipids from the diet to fish to consumer is of great importance. Special attention is being given by researchers, feed manufactures and farmers to optimize the use of feeds to provide efficient production and the best use of dietary resources in the growth of healthy and nutritious aquaculture species. In this sense, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid reduction in seabream (Sparus aurata) and to assess whether reducing dietary lipid level could improve the quality of the fish without impairing their welfare. Two diets were formulated containing 20% (control) and 10% (hypolidimic) lipid levels. Fish were fed the formulated diets for nine weeks and sampling was conducted after three, six and nine weeks in order to follow the trend of the different parameters studied according to the rearing period. The results showed that the decreased dietary lipid did not significantly affect fish growth level. The total lipid content, diminished significantly by 11% and 8% after six and nine weeks, respectively, in fish fed on the lower lipid diet compared with fish fed the higher lipid level. Plasma cholesterol (CHOL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly reduced only after nine weeks. The total saturated fatty acid (SFA), total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels were significantly reduced after six and nine weeks. The oxidative state, as a biomarker welfare was investigated and the results show that catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and sulfhydryl proteins (PSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were not affected significantly during the study. It may be concluded that, under the experimental conditions, the decrease of dietary lipid levels from 20% to 10% could improve the fish quality without impairing fish welfare.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43598099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-04DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2034702
C. Teoh, E-Von Loo
ABSTRACT A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of Safmannan as a feed additive for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. A total of 270 catfish fingerlings were randomly distributed into nine experimental aquaria. Three complete diets were used in this study: Diet 1, a premium catfish feed in the market (feed type A); commercial catfish feed (feed type B) containing no added Safmannan (Diet 2), and 800 ppm of Safmannan (Diet 3). The results showed that fish growth was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by diets. The feed conversion ratio of catfish fed with Diet 1 was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from catfish fed with Diet 3, reflecting the competitiveness of Safmannan-supplemented feed to the control feed. Interestingly, Safmannan supplementation significantly lowered (P > 0.05) the colony forming unit count and increased serum lysozyme activity. In conclusion, Safmannan could be used as an immunostimulant for catfish farming.
{"title":"Potential of Safmannan as a feed additive for juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Growth, feed utilization efficiency, serum lysozyme activity, and total viable bacterial count in the gut","authors":"C. Teoh, E-Von Loo","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2022.2034702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2022.2034702","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of Safmannan as a feed additive for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. A total of 270 catfish fingerlings were randomly distributed into nine experimental aquaria. Three complete diets were used in this study: Diet 1, a premium catfish feed in the market (feed type A); commercial catfish feed (feed type B) containing no added Safmannan (Diet 2), and 800 ppm of Safmannan (Diet 3). The results showed that fish growth was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by diets. The feed conversion ratio of catfish fed with Diet 1 was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from catfish fed with Diet 3, reflecting the competitiveness of Safmannan-supplemented feed to the control feed. Interestingly, Safmannan supplementation significantly lowered (P > 0.05) the colony forming unit count and increased serum lysozyme activity. In conclusion, Safmannan could be used as an immunostimulant for catfish farming.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44610915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-30DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2029792
D. Divya, G. Beulah, K. Govinda Rao, M. Sravya, G. Simhachalam, M. Sai Krishna, N. S. Sampath Kumar
ABSTRACT As a natural remedy to combat bacterial diseases that arise during intensive farming practices in aquaculture, extracts of milky mangrove (Excoecaria agallocha) leaves were prepared using acetone, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, and water. Among these, petroleum ether extract has shown the highest bactericidal and antioxidant potency. This extract was purified using column chromatography and preparative TLC and further characterized using mass spectroscopy (MS). The results from MS confirmed the presence of 4-methylumbelliferone, pinellic acid, 1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4 H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-3-yl) methanol, and 10-hydroxy-camptothecin, which have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential. Moreover, the efficiency of the extract was assessed by conducting in vivo studies on P. aeruginosa-infected Labeo rohita fingerlings. Among the five groups considered under study, Groups 4 and 5, which were treated with crude and purified extracts, recovered with 88% and 100% survival rates and also showed elevated levels of antioxidant (CAT and SOD) enzymes in the liver after the experimental period. Thus, the present investigation substantiates E. agallocha extract as an alternative medicine for existing drugs to treat bacterial infections in fishes owing to its antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
{"title":"Bioactivity of Excoecaria agallocha leaf extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Labeo rohita","authors":"D. Divya, G. Beulah, K. Govinda Rao, M. Sravya, G. Simhachalam, M. Sai Krishna, N. S. Sampath Kumar","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2022.2029792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2022.2029792","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As a natural remedy to combat bacterial diseases that arise during intensive farming practices in aquaculture, extracts of milky mangrove (Excoecaria agallocha) leaves were prepared using acetone, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, and water. Among these, petroleum ether extract has shown the highest bactericidal and antioxidant potency. This extract was purified using column chromatography and preparative TLC and further characterized using mass spectroscopy (MS). The results from MS confirmed the presence of 4-methylumbelliferone, pinellic acid, 1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4 H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-3-yl) methanol, and 10-hydroxy-camptothecin, which have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential. Moreover, the efficiency of the extract was assessed by conducting in vivo studies on P. aeruginosa-infected Labeo rohita fingerlings. Among the five groups considered under study, Groups 4 and 5, which were treated with crude and purified extracts, recovered with 88% and 100% survival rates and also showed elevated levels of antioxidant (CAT and SOD) enzymes in the liver after the experimental period. Thus, the present investigation substantiates E. agallocha extract as an alternative medicine for existing drugs to treat bacterial infections in fishes owing to its antibacterial and antioxidant activities.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"804 - 822"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41389346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2027835
G. Perera, R. Bhujel, K. Salin, L. T. Nguyen, Amonrat Sermwatanakul, Ooi Ei Lin
ABSTRACT The newly hatched nauplii of Artemia is extensively used as a live feed for ornamental fish hatchlings; however, its high cost and unbalanced nutrients necessitate exploring sustainable alternatives. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four formulated diets of 0%,5%, 10%, and 20% inclusion levels of egg yolk powder and other ingredients (fish meal, soybean meal, rice polish, corn) during the nursery stage of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) compared to Artemia salina as a control. Results showed that survival did not differ (P > 0.05) among the diets. Weight gain, daily weight gain, and specific growth rate of the fry fed with 10% egg yolk-included diet containing 49.6% fish meal and 18.8% soybean meal were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the other test diets and the A. salina. All the diets showed higher stress indexes (P < 0.05) than the control; the test diets did not affect pigmentation.
{"title":"Effect of the varying inclusion levels of the egg yolk powder on growth, stress tolerance, and pigmentation of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)","authors":"G. Perera, R. Bhujel, K. Salin, L. T. Nguyen, Amonrat Sermwatanakul, Ooi Ei Lin","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2022.2027835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2022.2027835","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The newly hatched nauplii of Artemia is extensively used as a live feed for ornamental fish hatchlings; however, its high cost and unbalanced nutrients necessitate exploring sustainable alternatives. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four formulated diets of 0%,5%, 10%, and 20% inclusion levels of egg yolk powder and other ingredients (fish meal, soybean meal, rice polish, corn) during the nursery stage of Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) compared to Artemia salina as a control. Results showed that survival did not differ (P > 0.05) among the diets. Weight gain, daily weight gain, and specific growth rate of the fry fed with 10% egg yolk-included diet containing 49.6% fish meal and 18.8% soybean meal were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the other test diets and the A. salina. All the diets showed higher stress indexes (P < 0.05) than the control; the test diets did not affect pigmentation.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"788 - 803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43855807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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