Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.259686.1304
Nourhan Elsayed, Khaled Fahmy, Mahmoud Abou-Okada, Awad Abdelbaky, Ahmed Eltahan, A. E. Eissa
Nile tilapia is the most farmed freshwater fish species across vast areas of the African continent. Although Egypt is considered the largest African producer of Nile tilapia, this fish has been faced with frequent episodes of mortality at both hatchery and farm levels. In the present study, we conducted field screenings to identify the major bacterial pathogens responsible for these mass kills among broodstocks and seeds in Egyptian hatcheries. Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae were determined to be the major bacterial threats to hatchery-reared Nile tilapia. The bacterial isolates were presumptively identified using conventional biochemical tests and the API 20 NE miniaturized test. The final identities of the retrieved bacterial isolates were molecularly confirmed using PCR and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae isolates were found to be sensitive to florfenicol, while the two isolates exhibited resistance to novobiocin and ampicillin. The A. hydrophila isolates were confirmed to be sensitive to oxytetracycline, whereas the S. agalactiae isolates were sensitive to erythromycin. Histopathological examination of the livers of infected fish revealed vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes. Remarkably, infiltrations of Gram-positive cocci were documented within hepatic parenchyma and brain tissues. Further, the infected fish exhibited edematous brains with inflammatory cell infiltration through the meninges. Severe retinal pathology, including collagen fibre disorganization, oedema, and inflammatory cell infiltration was also detected. The current study emphasizes the deleterious impacts of some ubiquitous bacterial pathogens on the health status of Nile tilapia broodstocks and their seeds. Ultimately, we affirm that regular monitoring of water quality, feed quality, proper handling of broodstocks, and accurate diagnosis is a crucial asset in preventing disease spread and mass fish kills in Egyptian hatcheries.
尼罗罗非鱼是非洲大陆广大地区养殖最多的淡水鱼品种。虽然埃及被认为是非洲最大的尼罗罗非鱼生产国，但这种鱼在孵化场和养殖场都经常面临死亡问题。在本研究中，我们进行了实地筛选，以确定造成埃及孵化场育苗和苗种大量死亡的主要细菌病原体。结果表明，嗜水气单胞菌和无乳链球菌是对孵化场饲养的尼罗罗非鱼造成威胁的主要细菌。细菌分离物通过常规生化检验和 API 20 NE 微型检验进行推定鉴定。通过聚合酶链反应和 16S rRNA 基因测序，对检索到的细菌分离物的最终身份进行了分子确认。结果发现，嗜水气荚膜杆菌和无乳酸杆菌分离物对氟苯尼考敏感，而这两种分离物对新生物菌素和氨苄西林有抗药性。经证实，嗜水气荚膜杆菌分离物对土霉素敏感，而无乳酸杆菌分离物对红霉素敏感。对受感染鱼类肝脏的组织病理学检查显示，肝细胞出现空泡变性和坏死。值得注意的是，在肝实质和脑组织中发现了革兰氏阳性球菌的浸润。此外，受感染的鱼类大脑水肿，炎性细胞浸润脑膜。此外，还发现了严重的视网膜病变，包括胶原纤维紊乱、水肿和炎症细胞浸润。目前的研究强调了一些无处不在的细菌病原体对尼罗罗非鱼种群及其苗种健康状况的有害影响。最终，我们确认，定期监测水质、饲料质量、正确处理育苗和准确诊断是埃及孵化场防止疾病传播和大规模鱼类死亡的重要资产。
{"title":"Major Bacterial Challenges Facing Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Egyptian Fish Hatcheries","authors":"Nourhan Elsayed, Khaled Fahmy, Mahmoud Abou-Okada, Awad Abdelbaky, Ahmed Eltahan, A. E. Eissa","doi":"10.21608/javs.2024.259686.1304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2024.259686.1304","url":null,"abstract":"Nile tilapia is the most farmed freshwater fish species across vast areas of the African continent. Although Egypt is considered the largest African producer of Nile tilapia, this fish has been faced with frequent episodes of mortality at both hatchery and farm levels. In the present study, we conducted field screenings to identify the major bacterial pathogens responsible for these mass kills among broodstocks and seeds in Egyptian hatcheries. Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae were determined to be the major bacterial threats to hatchery-reared Nile tilapia. The bacterial isolates were presumptively identified using conventional biochemical tests and the API 20 NE miniaturized test. The final identities of the retrieved bacterial isolates were molecularly confirmed using PCR and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae isolates were found to be sensitive to florfenicol, while the two isolates exhibited resistance to novobiocin and ampicillin. The A. hydrophila isolates were confirmed to be sensitive to oxytetracycline, whereas the S. agalactiae isolates were sensitive to erythromycin. Histopathological examination of the livers of infected fish revealed vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes. Remarkably, infiltrations of Gram-positive cocci were documented within hepatic parenchyma and brain tissues. Further, the infected fish exhibited edematous brains with inflammatory cell infiltration through the meninges. Severe retinal pathology, including collagen fibre disorganization, oedema, and inflammatory cell infiltration was also detected. The current study emphasizes the deleterious impacts of some ubiquitous bacterial pathogens on the health status of Nile tilapia broodstocks and their seeds. Ultimately, we affirm that regular monitoring of water quality, feed quality, proper handling of broodstocks, and accurate diagnosis is a crucial asset in preventing disease spread and mass fish kills in Egyptian hatcheries.","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140457315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.255494.1300
Oladipo Omotosho Omotosho, Olusola Fowowe, John Abiola, A. Oyagbemi, T. Omobowale
{"title":"High Environmental Temperature Induces Oxidative Stress, Reduced Sow Productivity and Increased Piglet Mortality","authors":"Oladipo Omotosho Omotosho, Olusola Fowowe, John Abiola, A. Oyagbemi, T. Omobowale","doi":"10.21608/javs.2024.255494.1300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2024.255494.1300","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139792767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.255494.1300
Oladipo Omotosho Omotosho, Olusola Fowowe, John Abiola, A. Oyagbemi, T. Omobowale
{"title":"High Environmental Temperature Induces Oxidative Stress, Reduced Sow Productivity and Increased Piglet Mortality","authors":"Oladipo Omotosho Omotosho, Olusola Fowowe, John Abiola, A. Oyagbemi, T. Omobowale","doi":"10.21608/javs.2024.255494.1300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2024.255494.1300","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139852621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.255947.1301
Nehal Kamel, Dina Bashir, Ebtihal El-Leithy, Adel Tohamy, Maha Rashad, Ghada Ali, El -Saba A.A.
{"title":"Screening the Toxic effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics on Kidney of Adult Male Swiss Albino Mice with Promising Betaine Alleviation","authors":"Nehal Kamel, Dina Bashir, Ebtihal El-Leithy, Adel Tohamy, Maha Rashad, Ghada Ali, El -Saba A.A.","doi":"10.21608/javs.2024.255947.1301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2024.255947.1301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139865256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.255947.1301
Nehal Kamel, Dina Bashir, Ebtihal El-Leithy, Adel Tohamy, Maha Rashad, Ghada Ali, El -Saba A.A.
{"title":"Screening the Toxic effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics on Kidney of Adult Male Swiss Albino Mice with Promising Betaine Alleviation","authors":"Nehal Kamel, Dina Bashir, Ebtihal El-Leithy, Adel Tohamy, Maha Rashad, Ghada Ali, El -Saba A.A.","doi":"10.21608/javs.2024.255947.1301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2024.255947.1301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139805412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.253995.1299
Alaa Eldin Eissa, Abdulatif Asheg, Abdulsalam Abu Mhara, Mahmoud Sharaf, Awad Abdelbaky, Amira Attia, Tarek Dakhil, A. Gaafar, Eman Ismail, Rasmia Abu Leila, Heba Abdel Hady, Emad Afify, Abdelbary Prince, Reham Ragab, Khalid Shahin
{"title":"Biochemical and Molecular Identification of the Most Common Streptococci Affecting Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758) From the Mediterranean Coast of Tripoli","authors":"Alaa Eldin Eissa, Abdulatif Asheg, Abdulsalam Abu Mhara, Mahmoud Sharaf, Awad Abdelbaky, Amira Attia, Tarek Dakhil, A. Gaafar, Eman Ismail, Rasmia Abu Leila, Heba Abdel Hady, Emad Afify, Abdelbary Prince, Reham Ragab, Khalid Shahin","doi":"10.21608/javs.2024.253995.1299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2024.253995.1299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139874932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.253995.1299
Alaa Eldin Eissa, Abdulatif Asheg, Abdulsalam Abu Mhara, Mahmoud Sharaf, Awad Abdelbaky, Amira Attia, Tarek Dakhil, A. Gaafar, Eman Ismail, Rasmia Abu Leila, Heba Abdel Hady, Emad Afify, Abdelbary Prince, Reham Ragab, Khalid Shahin
{"title":"Biochemical and Molecular Identification of the Most Common Streptococci Affecting Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758) From the Mediterranean Coast of Tripoli","authors":"Alaa Eldin Eissa, Abdulatif Asheg, Abdulsalam Abu Mhara, Mahmoud Sharaf, Awad Abdelbaky, Amira Attia, Tarek Dakhil, A. Gaafar, Eman Ismail, Rasmia Abu Leila, Heba Abdel Hady, Emad Afify, Abdelbary Prince, Reham Ragab, Khalid Shahin","doi":"10.21608/javs.2024.253995.1299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2024.253995.1299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":"99 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139814930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.253653.1298
Mohamed Hussein, A. E. Eissa, R. El-Tarabili, Amira Attia, Manal Zaki, Taghreed Ibrahim, Heba Abdel Hady, Abdulsalam Abu Mhara, Reham Ragab, Amina Dessouki
Climate change is now considered one of the greatest challenges and is expected to have a drastic impact on mariculture. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of climatic changes on the emergence of bacterial pathogens among cultured marine fish in northern Egyptian provinces. 135 samples of three marine fish species, represented as 45 of Dicentrarchus labrax (700 ±25 g), 45 of Sparus aurata (350 ±25 g)
{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Some Seasonal Bacterial Eruptions among Cultured Marine Fishes from Egyptian Coastal Provinces","authors":"Mohamed Hussein, A. E. Eissa, R. El-Tarabili, Amira Attia, Manal Zaki, Taghreed Ibrahim, Heba Abdel Hady, Abdulsalam Abu Mhara, Reham Ragab, Amina Dessouki","doi":"10.21608/javs.2024.253653.1298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2024.253653.1298","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is now considered one of the greatest challenges and is expected to have a drastic impact on mariculture. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of climatic changes on the emergence of bacterial pathogens among cultured marine fish in northern Egyptian provinces. 135 samples of three marine fish species, represented as 45 of Dicentrarchus labrax (700 ±25 g), 45 of Sparus aurata (350 ±25 g)","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":"41 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-28DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.253254.1296
Heba Abuzaied, Dina Bashir, Eman Rashad, Maha Rashad, Hany El-Habback
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs) are widely utilized in cosmetics, food, and paintings. Although TiO 2 -NPs may cause toxicity through a variety of routes, oxidative stress is by far the most common. Ginseng is employed in a variety of medical applications because of its potency as an antioxidant. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the protective and therapeutic benefits of Panax ginseng against TiO 2 -NPs administration in the kidneys of male rats. Thirty-five mature male albino rats were divided into five groups of seven rats each at random. The experimental groups were as follows: Group I served as the control group; Group II received 200 mg/kg of ginseng orally; Group III received 200 mg/kg of TiO 2 - NPs orally; Group IV served as the protective group; rats were pretreated with ginseng 1 hour before TiO 2 -NPs at a dose similar to GII and GIII, respectively; and Group V served as the treatment group; rats received TiO 2 -NPs for 14 days, then ginseng for another 14 days at a dose identical to GIII and GII, respectively . After 4 weeks, serum samples were collected, and kidney tissues were dissected for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Treatment with TiO 2 -NPs elevated malonaldehyde (MDA), kidney biomarkers, and reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Furthermore, TiO 2 -NPs induce upregulation of cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase3) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Histopathologically, TiO 2 -NPs caused degenerative changes in renal tissue, including renal corpuscles, and showed hypertrophy with capillary congestion. Most renal tubules showed marked luminal dilation with epithelial cell flattening. Additionally, there was reduced immunoreactivity of Ki-67 in the kidney sections. Ginseng, on the other hand, substantially mitigated the detrimental impacts that TiO 2 -NPs had on the rat renal tissues by down-regulating the genes for COX-2 and caspase3, restoring these biochemical and molecular parameters, and ameliorating the histological changes. In conclusion, ginseng could potentially be used to alleviate the renal toxicity brought on by TiO 2 -NPs.
二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO 2 -NPs）被广泛应用于化妆品、食品和绘画中。尽管 TiO 2 -NPs 可通过多种途径产生毒性，但氧化应激是迄今为止最常见的一种。人参具有抗氧化作用，因此被广泛应用于各种医疗领域。因此，本研究的目的是评估人参对雄性大鼠肾脏施用 TiO 2 -NPs 的保护和治疗作用。35 只成熟的雄性白化大鼠被随机分为 5 组，每组 7 只。实验组如下I 组为对照组；II 组口服 200 毫克/千克人参；III 组口服 200 毫克/千克 TiO 2 - NPs；IV 组为保护组，大鼠在服用 TiO 2 -NPs 前 1 小时服用人参，剂量分别与 GII 和 GIII 相同；V 组为治疗组，大鼠服用 TiO 2 -NPs 14 天，然后再服用人参 14 天，剂量分别与 GIII 和 GII 相同。4 周后，收集血清样本，解剖肾组织进行生化和组织病理学检查。用 TiO 2 -NPs 治疗会提高丙二醛（MDA）、肾脏生物标志物、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）的水平。此外，TiO 2 -NPs还诱导半胱氨酸-天冬氨酸蛋白酶（caspase3）和环氧化酶（COX-2）的上调。从组织病理学角度看，TiO 2 -NPs导致包括肾小球在内的肾组织发生退行性变化，并表现出肥大和毛细血管充血。大多数肾小管管腔明显扩张，上皮细胞扁平。此外，肾切片中 Ki-67 的免疫活性降低。另一方面，人参通过下调 COX-2 和 caspase3 的基因，恢复了这些生化和分子参数，并改善了组织学变化，从而大大减轻了 TiO 2 -NPs 对大鼠肾组织的不利影响。总之，人参可用于减轻 TiO 2 -NPs 对肾脏的毒性。
{"title":"Ginseng Extract can alleviate The Induced-renal Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in a Rat Model","authors":"Heba Abuzaied, Dina Bashir, Eman Rashad, Maha Rashad, Hany El-Habback","doi":"10.21608/javs.2024.253254.1296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2024.253254.1296","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs) are widely utilized in cosmetics, food, and paintings. Although TiO 2 -NPs may cause toxicity through a variety of routes, oxidative stress is by far the most common. Ginseng is employed in a variety of medical applications because of its potency as an antioxidant. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the protective and therapeutic benefits of Panax ginseng against TiO 2 -NPs administration in the kidneys of male rats. Thirty-five mature male albino rats were divided into five groups of seven rats each at random. The experimental groups were as follows: Group I served as the control group; Group II received 200 mg/kg of ginseng orally; Group III received 200 mg/kg of TiO 2 - NPs orally; Group IV served as the protective group; rats were pretreated with ginseng 1 hour before TiO 2 -NPs at a dose similar to GII and GIII, respectively; and Group V served as the treatment group; rats received TiO 2 -NPs for 14 days, then ginseng for another 14 days at a dose identical to GIII and GII, respectively . After 4 weeks, serum samples were collected, and kidney tissues were dissected for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Treatment with TiO 2 -NPs elevated malonaldehyde (MDA), kidney biomarkers, and reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Furthermore, TiO 2 -NPs induce upregulation of cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase3) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Histopathologically, TiO 2 -NPs caused degenerative changes in renal tissue, including renal corpuscles, and showed hypertrophy with capillary congestion. Most renal tubules showed marked luminal dilation with epithelial cell flattening. Additionally, there was reduced immunoreactivity of Ki-67 in the kidney sections. Ginseng, on the other hand, substantially mitigated the detrimental impacts that TiO 2 -NPs had on the rat renal tissues by down-regulating the genes for COX-2 and caspase3, restoring these biochemical and molecular parameters, and ameliorating the histological changes. In conclusion, ginseng could potentially be used to alleviate the renal toxicity brought on by TiO 2 -NPs.","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":"409 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140490446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of Azolla pinnata in hepatic protection and immunity stimulation in broiler chickens","authors":"Mohamed Hamouda, Huda Mahrous, Hanafy Hamza, Gihan El moghazy, Mohamed Abdel Aal","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.249784.1293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.249784.1293","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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