Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21608/javs.2023.216177.1240
Mohamed Kafafy, M. Khodeir, Mustafa Zaghloul
Lumpy skin disease virus is a member of the genus Capripoxvirus within the Poxviridae family that infects cattle and causes considerable economic losses. Providing a suitable cell culture for virus propagation is essential goal to be used for virus isolation and vaccine production. The present work deals with a novel cell culture, the ovine lamb heart (OLH), to investigate its benefit for LSDV propagation in comparison with the use of African green monkey kidney cells and Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell cultures. Ten serial passages of The Lumpy skin disease virus in each cell culture revealed a similar cytopathic effect recorded in the peak virus titer (6.0, 5.5, and 5.0 Log 10 TCID 50 /ml in OLH, Vero, and MDBK cell cultures, respectively) by the 6th day post-cell infection at the time of harvest of the highest titer by studying the virus growth curve in each cell culture. The virus neutralization test (VNT) and direct fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) using specific anti-LSDV sera confirmed the presence of all used cell cultures. Therefore, it was concluded that OLH cell culture is suitable for the propagation of LSDV, and more research is needed to evaluate its use for vaccine preparation.
{"title":"Comparative propagation and titration of lumpy skin disease virus on different cell cultures types","authors":"Mohamed Kafafy, M. Khodeir, Mustafa Zaghloul","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.216177.1240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.216177.1240","url":null,"abstract":"Lumpy skin disease virus is a member of the genus Capripoxvirus within the Poxviridae family that infects cattle and causes considerable economic losses. Providing a suitable cell culture for virus propagation is essential goal to be used for virus isolation and vaccine production. The present work deals with a novel cell culture, the ovine lamb heart (OLH), to investigate its benefit for LSDV propagation in comparison with the use of African green monkey kidney cells and Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell cultures. Ten serial passages of The Lumpy skin disease virus in each cell culture revealed a similar cytopathic effect recorded in the peak virus titer (6.0, 5.5, and 5.0 Log 10 TCID 50 /ml in OLH, Vero, and MDBK cell cultures, respectively) by the 6th day post-cell infection at the time of harvest of the highest titer by studying the virus growth curve in each cell culture. The virus neutralization test (VNT) and direct fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) using specific anti-LSDV sera confirmed the presence of all used cell cultures. Therefore, it was concluded that OLH cell culture is suitable for the propagation of LSDV, and more research is needed to evaluate its use for vaccine preparation.","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45864156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21608/javs.2023.217967.1245
Mohammed Altememy, M. Saeed
This is the first study in Mosul to use genetic sequencing technology to diagnose and document the type, strain, and genotype of Trichomonos gallinae in racing pigeons. It was distinguished by the geographical sequence of Mosul, Iraqi city. Thirty isolates of T. gallinae were chosen from a total of 56 that had been molecularly characterized to examine the extent to which these isolates matched in terms of genetic sequencing. The DNA from the T. gallinae parasite was extracted, and the master mix for all of the polymerization reaction components was created based on the needed quantities of the reaction components for each sample. The acquired sequences were matched to known sequences in databases to determine the trichomonos species parasite and strain responsible for the infection. The results of the DNA sequencing examination revealed that after the polymerase chain reaction amplification products were sent to Macrogen, Korea, to determine the genetic variation of the local strains, the products of the small subunit rRNA-Gene and the reaction product of bp 194 of the Trichomonos gallinae parasite were sent to the National Centre for Biotechnology Information, NCBI Gen Bank, for recording. Based on the small partial ribosomal RNA according to blast in GenBank of the NCBI, the percentage of match in the genetic sequence was 100% between the genetic sequence in Mosul and the genetic sequences in Brazil and Portugal. France, Spain, Iran, Poland, Prague, Hungary, Australia, and the United States are among the countries involved. The Trichomonas gallinae genetic sequence in racing pigeons from Mosul has been discovered for the first time in the GenBank database, revealing a 100% match with other countries' sequences. This discovery reveals the pathogen's worldwide dissemination and interconnection, aiding in the development of effective diagnostic procedures, preventive measures, and targeted treatments. The discovery also emphasises the need for cooperation in monitoring and regulating the spread of the infection, supporting a collaborative strategy against avian diseases.
这是摩苏尔第一个使用基因测序技术诊断和记录赛鸽中鸡毛滴虫的类型、菌株和基因型的研究。它以伊拉克城市摩苏尔的地理顺序而闻名。从56株鸡鸡绦虫分离株中选择30株进行分子鉴定，以检验这些分离株在基因测序方面的匹配程度。提取鸡绦虫的DNA，并根据每个样品所需的反应组分的数量创建所有聚合反应组分的主混合物。获得的序列与数据库中的已知序列相匹配，以确定引起感染的滴虫种类、寄生虫和菌株。DNA测序结果显示，鸡毛滴虫的聚合酶链反应扩增产物送到韩国Macrogen公司进行遗传变异鉴定后，小亚基rRNA-Gene的产物和bp 194的反应产物送到国立生物技术信息中心(NCBI Gen Bank)进行记录。根据NCBI GenBank中blast的小片段核糖体RNA，摩苏尔的基因序列与巴西和葡萄牙的基因序列的匹配率为100%。涉及的国家包括法国、西班牙、伊朗、波兰、布拉格、匈牙利、澳大利亚和美国。摩苏尔赛鸽的鸡毛滴虫基因序列首次在基因库数据库中被发现，与其他国家的基因序列100%匹配。这一发现揭示了病原体在世界范围内的传播和相互联系，有助于制定有效的诊断程序、预防措施和有针对性的治疗。这一发现还强调了在监测和控制这种感染的传播方面进行合作的必要性，从而支持针对禽类疾病的合作战略。
{"title":"Genetic sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Trichomonos gallinae in racing pigeons at Mosul city, Iraq","authors":"Mohammed Altememy, M. Saeed","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.217967.1245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.217967.1245","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first study in Mosul to use genetic sequencing technology to diagnose and document the type, strain, and genotype of Trichomonos gallinae in racing pigeons. It was distinguished by the geographical sequence of Mosul, Iraqi city. Thirty isolates of T. gallinae were chosen from a total of 56 that had been molecularly characterized to examine the extent to which these isolates matched in terms of genetic sequencing. The DNA from the T. gallinae parasite was extracted, and the master mix for all of the polymerization reaction components was created based on the needed quantities of the reaction components for each sample. The acquired sequences were matched to known sequences in databases to determine the trichomonos species parasite and strain responsible for the infection. The results of the DNA sequencing examination revealed that after the polymerase chain reaction amplification products were sent to Macrogen, Korea, to determine the genetic variation of the local strains, the products of the small subunit rRNA-Gene and the reaction product of bp 194 of the Trichomonos gallinae parasite were sent to the National Centre for Biotechnology Information, NCBI Gen Bank, for recording. Based on the small partial ribosomal RNA according to blast in GenBank of the NCBI, the percentage of match in the genetic sequence was 100% between the genetic sequence in Mosul and the genetic sequences in Brazil and Portugal. France, Spain, Iran, Poland, Prague, Hungary, Australia, and the United States are among the countries involved. The Trichomonas gallinae genetic sequence in racing pigeons from Mosul has been discovered for the first time in the GenBank database, revealing a 100% match with other countries' sequences. This discovery reveals the pathogen's worldwide dissemination and interconnection, aiding in the development of effective diagnostic procedures, preventive measures, and targeted treatments. The discovery also emphasises the need for cooperation in monitoring and regulating the spread of the infection, supporting a collaborative strategy against avian diseases.","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48946947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-13DOI: 10.21608/javs.2023.219422.1249
M. Mahmoud, S. Abd-Allah, Abdel-Halim B.R., Khalil A.A.Y.
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of aloe vera raw extract on the capacitation of bovine spermatozoa during the in vitro fertilization process. Hyper activated motility (HAM) and acrosome reaction (AR) of sperm cells, as well as in vitro fertilization and cleavage rates are the main parameters used to estimate the aloe vera’s effect on bovine spermatozoa’s fertilizing ability. In the current study, two different concentrations of aloe vera (5 and 10 µg/ml) were used. Frozen thawed semen spermatozoa were subjected to a swim-up technique to separate the motile spermatozoa and capacitated in modified Sperm Tyrode’s albumin lactate pyruvate (S-TALP) medium supplemented with heparin only without aloe vera treatment (positive control), heparin+5µg/ml aloe vera, heparin+10µg/ml aloe vera, and finally the negative control tube, which was supplemented with 5µg/ml aloe vera without adding heparin. Sperm cells were incubated for 90 minutes at 39C 0 in a 5% CO2 incubator and evaluated every 30 minutes at intervals. Cumulus oophorus complexes (COCs) were matured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 39C 0 and inseminated in vitro with frozen-thawed bull sperm at the above concentrations. The inseminated oocytes were incubated at 39C 0 in a 5% CO2 incubator for 24 hours and then examined for evidence of fertilization. The current study revealed that the aloe vera concentration of 10µg/ml at incubation time (60 minutes) had the best effect on sperm capacitation and acrosome reactions. The overall percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility (PM) had declined across all groups as time progressed, with a significantly lower value found at the above concentration, as well as the effect of sperm treated with aloe vera on fertilization rate. The results showed that the proportion of fertilized oocytes was significantly increased at the aloe vera concentration of 10µg/ml compared to the other concentrations (5µg/ml), positive control, and negative control, respectively. In conclusion , treatment of bull spermatozoa with 10 µg of aloe vera extract/ml semen was considered the most efficient concentration for enhancement of sperm capacitation as a high IVF rate was obtained in Holstein Bull .
{"title":"Assessment of Developmental Competence of Holstein Bulls Spermatozoa upon Addition of Aloe Vera Raw Extract during In Vitro Capacitation","authors":"M. Mahmoud, S. Abd-Allah, Abdel-Halim B.R., Khalil A.A.Y.","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.219422.1249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.219422.1249","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of aloe vera raw extract on the capacitation of bovine spermatozoa during the in vitro fertilization process. Hyper activated motility (HAM) and acrosome reaction (AR) of sperm cells, as well as in vitro fertilization and cleavage rates are the main parameters used to estimate the aloe vera’s effect on bovine spermatozoa’s fertilizing ability. In the current study, two different concentrations of aloe vera (5 and 10 µg/ml) were used. Frozen thawed semen spermatozoa were subjected to a swim-up technique to separate the motile spermatozoa and capacitated in modified Sperm Tyrode’s albumin lactate pyruvate (S-TALP) medium supplemented with heparin only without aloe vera treatment (positive control), heparin+5µg/ml aloe vera, heparin+10µg/ml aloe vera, and finally the negative control tube, which was supplemented with 5µg/ml aloe vera without adding heparin. Sperm cells were incubated for 90 minutes at 39C 0 in a 5% CO2 incubator and evaluated every 30 minutes at intervals. Cumulus oophorus complexes (COCs) were matured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 39C 0 and inseminated in vitro with frozen-thawed bull sperm at the above concentrations. The inseminated oocytes were incubated at 39C 0 in a 5% CO2 incubator for 24 hours and then examined for evidence of fertilization. The current study revealed that the aloe vera concentration of 10µg/ml at incubation time (60 minutes) had the best effect on sperm capacitation and acrosome reactions. The overall percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility (PM) had declined across all groups as time progressed, with a significantly lower value found at the above concentration, as well as the effect of sperm treated with aloe vera on fertilization rate. The results showed that the proportion of fertilized oocytes was significantly increased at the aloe vera concentration of 10µg/ml compared to the other concentrations (5µg/ml), positive control, and negative control, respectively. In conclusion , treatment of bull spermatozoa with 10 µg of aloe vera extract/ml semen was considered the most efficient concentration for enhancement of sperm capacitation as a high IVF rate was obtained in Holstein Bull .","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43117644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphology of the Spleen in the Camel's Fetus (Camelus dromedarius): Gross Anatomy, Histology and Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies","authors":"Marwa-Babiker A.M., Alkhodair K.M., A. Ali, El-Khatib A.M.A, Zolain H.B., Al-Ramadan S.Y., Althnaian T.A.","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.219602.1250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.219602.1250","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.21608/javs.2023.207698.1223
Ahmed I. Abdelgalil
The aim of the present work was to investigate the deleterious effects of the first dose of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the female genital system of cats. The study was conducted on 315 cats of different breeds who received their first dose (75 mg) of MPA as a contraceptive. Complete animal identification and stage of estrus were documented at admission. Physical, radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations were done on cats that expressed deleterious manifestations. All of the presented cats received an overdose of MPA during the estrous phase of the estrous cycle. Out of 315 cats who received their first dose of MPA, 27 (8.6 %) demonstrated varied deleterious effects related to the female genital system. Deleterious effects were reported within 15–90 days, including pyometra (n=10, 37.0%), endometritis (n=8, 29.6%), mammary gland hyperplasia (n=4, 14.8 %), cystic endometrial hyperplasia (n=3, 11.2%) and ovarian cyst (n=2, 7.4%). The incidence of these adverse effects increased with age. Persian cats seem to be more susceptible than other cat breeds. Long haired cat breeds seem to be more susceptible to adverse effects following injection of exogenous progestins (MPA) than short haired breeds (Siamese and Egyptian mau). Deleterious effects of MPA occurred following the first overdose. It is advised to use MPA as a contraceptive in the recommended dose during the inter-estrous or anestrous phase. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
{"title":"Potential Deleterious Effects Following the First Dose of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate as a Contraceptive in Cats","authors":"Ahmed I. Abdelgalil","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.207698.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.207698.1223","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present work was to investigate the deleterious effects of the first dose of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the female genital system of cats. The study was conducted on 315 cats of different breeds who received their first dose (75 mg) of MPA as a contraceptive. Complete animal identification and stage of estrus were documented at admission. Physical, radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations were done on cats that expressed deleterious manifestations. All of the presented cats received an overdose of MPA during the estrous phase of the estrous cycle. Out of 315 cats who received their first dose of MPA, 27 (8.6 %) demonstrated varied deleterious effects related to the female genital system. Deleterious effects were reported within 15–90 days, including pyometra (n=10, 37.0%), endometritis (n=8, 29.6%), mammary gland hyperplasia (n=4, 14.8 %), cystic endometrial hyperplasia (n=3, 11.2%) and ovarian cyst (n=2, 7.4%). The incidence of these adverse effects increased with age. Persian cats seem to be more susceptible than other cat breeds. Long haired cat breeds seem to be more susceptible to adverse effects following injection of exogenous progestins (MPA) than short haired breeds (Siamese and Egyptian mau). Deleterious effects of MPA occurred following the first overdose. It is advised to use MPA as a contraceptive in the recommended dose during the inter-estrous or anestrous phase. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47118159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/javs.2023.215990.1239
F. Mohammed, Alkattan L.M., A. Shareef, Thanoon M.G.
Many types of bioactive materials are categorized as bone tissue substitutes for reconstruction and regeneration of bone defects, such as nano-hydroxyapatite. The objective of the present study was to radiologically evaluate the bone healing process in experimentally induced tibial defects in dogs treated with two different viscosity concentrations of nano-hydroxyapatite gel. Twelve adult, healthy Mongrel dogs were included. A critical size bone defect of 3–0.7 cm was induced surgically in the lateral border of the tibial bone of the right limb of all dogs enrolled in this study. The dogs were then categorized into two treatment groups: Group 1 (6 dogs): The defect was filled with prepared hydroxyapatite nanogel at a concentration of 33%, and Group 2 (6 dogs) hydroxyapatite nanogel at a concentration of 24% was used as a filling material. The healing process of the tibial defect and associated clinical and radiolographical findings were recorded in all studied groups at 30 and 60 days postoperatively. The results of the current study showed complete healing of the induced defect in the absence of any signs of pain or discomfort. Radiographically, there was an increase in radiographic density in the first group at 60 days. There is continuing healing in the late stage of the bone segment with the surrounding area and a crossing callus with cortical irregularities, denoting a chronic periosteal reaction and a good healing process. In the second group, the defect was completely filled with cortical thickening, which appears denser, denoting a periosteal reaction. In conclusion, using hydroxyapatite nanogel with high viscosity as a bone substitute contributed to progressing bone tissue regeneration with good callus formation and giving perfect mechanical support to defective bone. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
{"title":"Evaluation the effect of high and low viscosity Nano-hydroxylapatite gel in repairing of an induced critical-size tibial bone defect in dogs: Radiolographical study","authors":"F. Mohammed, Alkattan L.M., A. Shareef, Thanoon M.G.","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.215990.1239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.215990.1239","url":null,"abstract":"Many types of bioactive materials are categorized as bone tissue substitutes for reconstruction and regeneration of bone defects, such as nano-hydroxyapatite. The objective of the present study was to radiologically evaluate the bone healing process in experimentally induced tibial defects in dogs treated with two different viscosity concentrations of nano-hydroxyapatite gel. Twelve adult, healthy Mongrel dogs were included. A critical size bone defect of 3–0.7 cm was induced surgically in the lateral border of the tibial bone of the right limb of all dogs enrolled in this study. The dogs were then categorized into two treatment groups: Group 1 (6 dogs): The defect was filled with prepared hydroxyapatite nanogel at a concentration of 33%, and Group 2 (6 dogs) hydroxyapatite nanogel at a concentration of 24% was used as a filling material. The healing process of the tibial defect and associated clinical and radiolographical findings were recorded in all studied groups at 30 and 60 days postoperatively. The results of the current study showed complete healing of the induced defect in the absence of any signs of pain or discomfort. Radiographically, there was an increase in radiographic density in the first group at 60 days. There is continuing healing in the late stage of the bone segment with the surrounding area and a crossing callus with cortical irregularities, denoting a chronic periosteal reaction and a good healing process. In the second group, the defect was completely filled with cortical thickening, which appears denser, denoting a periosteal reaction. In conclusion, using hydroxyapatite nanogel with high viscosity as a bone substitute contributed to progressing bone tissue regeneration with good callus formation and giving perfect mechanical support to defective bone. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43556506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/javs.2023.216244.1241
M. Maher, Asmaa K. Abdelghany, Masouda A. Allak, H. Emeash, F. Khalil
.
{"title":"Dietary Supplementation of Moringa Oleifera Leaves and Their Nanoparticles to Rabbit Does Altered the Neonates Performance, Behavioural and Physiological Response to Stress","authors":"M. Maher, Asmaa K. Abdelghany, Masouda A. Allak, H. Emeash, F. Khalil","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.216244.1241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.216244.1241","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47998174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/javs.2023.215720.1238
Abdelrahman Subhi, Aalaa S. A. Saad, K. Osman, M. Hashad, Heba Deif
Antimicrobial resistance is considered a major threat facing humanity. It doesn’t only affect public health, but also causes great losses in the dairy industry. Mastitis is a major threat to the dairy industry. The aim of this study was to monitor the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) collected from raw milk of both healthy and mastitis-infected cows and buffaloes in Egypt. In total, 450 milk samples were collected and examined in the period from 2018 to 2021. The samples were collected from healthy cows and buffaloes (30, 58), suffering from clinical mastitis (139, 223), respectively. E. coli was isolated from 33 mastitis milk samples (9.1%) and from 3 (3.4%) normal milk samples. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer method). E. coli isolated from mastitis milk samples showed resistance The Extended Spectrum b-Lactamases test (ESBL) performed on the E. coli isolates showed positive results in 9% of mastitis milk samples, but no results in normal milk samples. Out of 36 E. coli isolates, 34 possessed the amp C gene, but bla TEM and bla SHV were detected in 5 isolates with percentages of 94%, 1.4%, and 1.4%, respectively, while Bla IPM and Sul 1 were found in one isolate (2.7%).
{"title":"Prevalence and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from bovine milk","authors":"Abdelrahman Subhi, Aalaa S. A. Saad, K. Osman, M. Hashad, Heba Deif","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.215720.1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.215720.1238","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is considered a major threat facing humanity. It doesn’t only affect public health, but also causes great losses in the dairy industry. Mastitis is a major threat to the dairy industry. The aim of this study was to monitor the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) collected from raw milk of both healthy and mastitis-infected cows and buffaloes in Egypt. In total, 450 milk samples were collected and examined in the period from 2018 to 2021. The samples were collected from healthy cows and buffaloes (30, 58), suffering from clinical mastitis (139, 223), respectively. E. coli was isolated from 33 mastitis milk samples (9.1%) and from 3 (3.4%) normal milk samples. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer method). E. coli isolated from mastitis milk samples showed resistance The Extended Spectrum b-Lactamases test (ESBL) performed on the E. coli isolates showed positive results in 9% of mastitis milk samples, but no results in normal milk samples. Out of 36 E. coli isolates, 34 possessed the amp C gene, but bla TEM and bla SHV were detected in 5 isolates with percentages of 94%, 1.4%, and 1.4%, respectively, while Bla IPM and Sul 1 were found in one isolate (2.7%).","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44958496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/javs.2023.213855.1236
Farah F. Almawla, B. Al-baggou
The study's objectives were to investigate the acute toxicity and related biochemical effects of levamisole and ivermectin in mice. The 24 h oral median lethal dose (LD50) of levamisole was determined by the up-and-down method and was 155.5 mg/ kg of body weight. The treated mice showed signs of acute poisoning represented by excessive grooming, lacrimation, piloerection, straub tail, tachycardia, bulged eyes, tremor, convulsion and finally death within 24 h of treatment. The approximate lethal dose (ALD) of levamisole was 368 mg/kg, and the mice showed signs of poisoning similar to the previous signs of poisoning within 24 h of treatment. The 24 h oral LD50 of ivermectin was 115.2 mg/kg and the mice showed acute signs of poisoning, represented by excessive grooming, lacrimation, closed eyelids, piloerection, tachycardia, rapid respiration, depression, flat body appearance, paralysis and finally death within 24 h of treatment, while the approximate lethal dose of ivermectin was 121 mg/kg and also with the presence of severe poisoning signs as mentioned before. Non-lethal toxic doses of levamisole at 100 and 150 mg/kg and ivermectin at 75 and 100 mg/kg led to significant blood biochemical changes after 24 h of treatment, represented by a significant increase in the activity of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and a significantly increased total bilirubin concentration in the blood plasma of mice. These results proved the presence of acute toxicity and biochemical effects of both anthelmintics levamisole and ivermectin even though they have wide safety margins.
{"title":"Acute Toxic Effects of levamisole and Ivermectin in Mice","authors":"Farah F. Almawla, B. Al-baggou","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.213855.1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.213855.1236","url":null,"abstract":"The study's objectives were to investigate the acute toxicity and related biochemical effects of levamisole and ivermectin in mice. The 24 h oral median lethal dose (LD50) of levamisole was determined by the up-and-down method and was 155.5 mg/ kg of body weight. The treated mice showed signs of acute poisoning represented by excessive grooming, lacrimation, piloerection, straub tail, tachycardia, bulged eyes, tremor, convulsion and finally death within 24 h of treatment. The approximate lethal dose (ALD) of levamisole was 368 mg/kg, and the mice showed signs of poisoning similar to the previous signs of poisoning within 24 h of treatment. The 24 h oral LD50 of ivermectin was 115.2 mg/kg and the mice showed acute signs of poisoning, represented by excessive grooming, lacrimation, closed eyelids, piloerection, tachycardia, rapid respiration, depression, flat body appearance, paralysis and finally death within 24 h of treatment, while the approximate lethal dose of ivermectin was 121 mg/kg and also with the presence of severe poisoning signs as mentioned before. Non-lethal toxic doses of levamisole at 100 and 150 mg/kg and ivermectin at 75 and 100 mg/kg led to significant blood biochemical changes after 24 h of treatment, represented by a significant increase in the activity of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and a significantly increased total bilirubin concentration in the blood plasma of mice. These results proved the presence of acute toxicity and biochemical effects of both anthelmintics levamisole and ivermectin even though they have wide safety margins.","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68514018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.21608/javs.2023.211272.1234
Ibrahim Alkhouly, A. Moustafa, Nahla Abou El Roos, S. Kandeel
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an asymptomatic worldwide udder infection that results in substantial losses to the dairy industry. Our main objective was to evaluate and compare the clinical performance of 4 commercially available screening tests for diagnosing SCM. Foremilk samples were collected from 428 quarters of 107 apparently healthy lactating cows and buffaloes from El-Menofia governorate from 2020 to 2022. Quarter somatic cell count (SCC) was estimated using the FOSS-BacSomatic ® counter and the California Mastitis Test (CMT), with SCM defined as SCC > 200,000 cells/mL. Milk pH was measured cow-side using an AD11 ® pH-meter and BOVIVET ® indicator paper. Bacterial cultures of foremilk samples were used to diagnose SCM as a reference method based on the isolation of the causative pathogens. The tests’ performance was evaluated by calculating test sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and accuracy at the optimal-cut-point for each test. FOSS-BacSomatic ® counter was the best-performing test for diagnosing SCM (Se = 0.967, Sp = 0.943, accuracy = 0.957) at an optimal-cut-point of >200,000 cells/mL. For comparison, CMT is the second best-performing test at an optimal-cut-point of a non-negative score (Se = 0.892, Sp = 0.878, accuracy = 0.887). The test performance of the AD11 ® pH-meter and BOVIVET ® indicator paper was fair, however, the AD11 ® pH-meter performed better than the BOVIVET ® indicator paper with Se = 0.807, Sp = 0.845, and accuracy = 0.822. We concluded that the FOSS-BacSomatic ® counter and CMT are considered good tests for diagnosing SCM. On the other hand, milk pH doesn’t provide a clinically useful method for diagnosing SCM. However, based on cost, availability and analysis time, there doesn't seem to be a persuasive reason to select the FOSS-BacSomatic ® counter over the traditional CMT to diagnose SCM.
{"title":"Evaluation and Comparison of Four Screening Tests against Milk Culture for Detection of Subclinical Mastitis in Lactating Cattle and Buffalo in Egypt","authors":"Ibrahim Alkhouly, A. Moustafa, Nahla Abou El Roos, S. Kandeel","doi":"10.21608/javs.2023.211272.1234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2023.211272.1234","url":null,"abstract":"Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an asymptomatic worldwide udder infection that results in substantial losses to the dairy industry. Our main objective was to evaluate and compare the clinical performance of 4 commercially available screening tests for diagnosing SCM. Foremilk samples were collected from 428 quarters of 107 apparently healthy lactating cows and buffaloes from El-Menofia governorate from 2020 to 2022. Quarter somatic cell count (SCC) was estimated using the FOSS-BacSomatic ® counter and the California Mastitis Test (CMT), with SCM defined as SCC > 200,000 cells/mL. Milk pH was measured cow-side using an AD11 ® pH-meter and BOVIVET ® indicator paper. Bacterial cultures of foremilk samples were used to diagnose SCM as a reference method based on the isolation of the causative pathogens. The tests’ performance was evaluated by calculating test sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and accuracy at the optimal-cut-point for each test. FOSS-BacSomatic ® counter was the best-performing test for diagnosing SCM (Se = 0.967, Sp = 0.943, accuracy = 0.957) at an optimal-cut-point of >200,000 cells/mL. For comparison, CMT is the second best-performing test at an optimal-cut-point of a non-negative score (Se = 0.892, Sp = 0.878, accuracy = 0.887). The test performance of the AD11 ® pH-meter and BOVIVET ® indicator paper was fair, however, the AD11 ® pH-meter performed better than the BOVIVET ® indicator paper with Se = 0.807, Sp = 0.845, and accuracy = 0.822. We concluded that the FOSS-BacSomatic ® counter and CMT are considered good tests for diagnosing SCM. On the other hand, milk pH doesn’t provide a clinically useful method for diagnosing SCM. However, based on cost, availability and analysis time, there doesn't seem to be a persuasive reason to select the FOSS-BacSomatic ® counter over the traditional CMT to diagnose SCM.","PeriodicalId":15040,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49436984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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