Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong, relapsing, chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract that can be brought on by a number of different etiologies. Studies have shown that patients with IBD also have nervous system involvement in addition to well-known extra-intestinal symptoms like arthritis and iritis, and researchers believe that neurological lesions in patients with IBD may be an important extra-intestinal manifestation. Currently, tentative findings from studies employing magnetic resonance imaging to study the brain structure and function of patients with IBD have been made.
{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"Thamaporn Tangsujaritvijit","doi":"10.15354/si.22.re103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re103","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong, relapsing, chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract that can be brought on by a number of different etiologies. Studies have shown that patients with IBD also have nervous system involvement in addition to well-known extra-intestinal symptoms like arthritis and iritis, and researchers believe that neurological lesions in patients with IBD may be an important extra-intestinal manifestation. Currently, tentative findings from studies employing magnetic resonance imaging to study the brain structure and function of patients with IBD have been made.","PeriodicalId":150634,"journal":{"name":"Science Insights","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126844717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frailty, as a type of geriatric condition, has been a major focus of geriatrics researchers in recent years. COPD is one of the major risk factors associated with frailty. Consequently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related frailty has become the focal point of numerous investigations. However, the majority of studies focus on cross-sectional investigations of the incidence of frailty in COPD and their associations. The study of its pathophysiology and intervention methods is dispersed, and there is a paucity of literature reviews. Moreover, in-depth research into the pathophysiology of such patients and the implementation of efficient therapeutic strategies are crucial for enhancing the long-term quality of life of patients. The purpose of this article is to provide a reference for creating nutritional intervention programs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a debilitated population by describing the etiology of these patients and summarizing potential nutritional therapies based on recent research.
{"title":"Pathogenesis and Nutritional Intervention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Associated Frailty","authors":"Ju-Ryeong Heo","doi":"10.15354/si.22.re105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re105","url":null,"abstract":"Frailty, as a type of geriatric condition, has been a major focus of geriatrics researchers in recent years. COPD is one of the major risk factors associated with frailty. Consequently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related frailty has become the focal point of numerous investigations. However, the majority of studies focus on cross-sectional investigations of the incidence of frailty in COPD and their associations. The study of its pathophysiology and intervention methods is dispersed, and there is a paucity of literature reviews. Moreover, in-depth research into the pathophysiology of such patients and the implementation of efficient therapeutic strategies are crucial for enhancing the long-term quality of life of patients. The purpose of this article is to provide a reference for creating nutritional intervention programs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a debilitated population by describing the etiology of these patients and summarizing potential nutritional therapies based on recent research.","PeriodicalId":150634,"journal":{"name":"Science Insights","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125205169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aerospace composite materials’ performance and application level are vital symbols for measuring the advancement and dependability of aerospace models, and they are the key materials enabling the development of aerospace models, which define the performance and success of models. This review summarizes recent significant research advances in the fields of thermal structure, heat protection, thermal wave transmission, heat insulation, and structural composite materials, and proposes new materials for extreme environments, reusable anti-thermal insulation materials, third-generation structural composite materials, and new materials for extreme environments. Low-cost and quick composite component manufacturing is an essential avenue for the future development of aerospace composite materials.
{"title":"A Review of the Structural Characteristics of Aerospace Composites","authors":"Emily Marble, Terry L. Boles","doi":"10.15354/si.22.re102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re102","url":null,"abstract":"Aerospace composite materials’ performance and application level are vital symbols for measuring the advancement and dependability of aerospace models, and they are the key materials enabling the development of aerospace models, which define the performance and success of models. This review summarizes recent significant research advances in the fields of thermal structure, heat protection, thermal wave transmission, heat insulation, and structural composite materials, and proposes new materials for extreme environments, reusable anti-thermal insulation materials, third-generation structural composite materials, and new materials for extreme environments. Low-cost and quick composite component manufacturing is an essential avenue for the future development of aerospace composite materials.","PeriodicalId":150634,"journal":{"name":"Science Insights","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130571062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is typically perceived as a social communication and behavioral disability. However, it is a neurodevelopmental or brain-based condition with widespread consequences on cognitive and social-emotional development caused by genetic events that begin before birth. Cognitive functions of a higher level or those requiring integrative processing are disproportionately hampered in ASD. Normal children can learn any existing language based on their environment; however autistic youngsters find it difficult. The exploration of autistic children’s cognitive and language features has been greatly influenced by theoretical models and research approaches.
{"title":"Cognitive Development and Language Acquisition in Autistic Children","authors":"J. Moštěk","doi":"10.15354/si.22.re091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re091","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is typically perceived as a social communication and behavioral disability. However, it is a neurodevelopmental or brain-based condition with widespread consequences on cognitive and social-emotional development caused by genetic events that begin before birth. Cognitive functions of a higher level or those requiring integrative processing are disproportionately hampered in ASD. Normal children can learn any existing language based on their environment; however autistic youngsters find it difficult. The exploration of autistic children’s cognitive and language features has been greatly influenced by theoretical models and research approaches.","PeriodicalId":150634,"journal":{"name":"Science Insights","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121600687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of equation of state (EOS)-based phase behavior calculations is widespread in the petroleum industry, including the calculation of oil and gas reserves, production forecasting, and optimization of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) plans, surface separator design, and pipe flow calculation. The most commonly used method for providing phase behavior information is PT phase-equilibrium-calculation algorithms, which have been extensively studied for decades. However, simulation and engineering design of these processes using VT phase-equilibrium- calculation algorithms is sometimes more convenient than using conventional PT algorithms and has distinct advantages. The VT algorithm has been continuously improved over the last decade to ensure calculation accuracy, robustness, and efficiency, and it has been gradually applied in the petroleum industry. This article provides an overview of research findings in the field of EOS-based VT phase behavior calculation algorithms and their applications in oil and gas engineering. The Helmholtz-free-energy minimization approach, the Gibbs-free-energy minimization approach, and the nested approach based on the PT algorithm are three typical VT algorithm approaches discussed. The petroleum industry’s main applications of phase equilibrium calculation using the VT algorithm are described. Furthermore, some existing problems are identified, and several prospects for the application of the VT algorithm in the petroleum engineering field are presented. A critical review of the current state of the VT algorithm process, we believe, will fill the gap by shedding light on the process’s flaws and limitations, future development areas, and new research topics.
{"title":"The Development and Application of EOS-based VT Phase Behavior Calculation Algorithms in Petroleum Industry","authors":"Chang Lu, Chuanwei Wang, Riyi Lin","doi":"10.15354/si.22.or028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.or028","url":null,"abstract":"The use of equation of state (EOS)-based phase behavior calculations is widespread in the petroleum industry, including the calculation of oil and gas reserves, production forecasting, and optimization of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) plans, surface separator design, and pipe flow calculation. The most commonly used method for providing phase behavior information is PT phase-equilibrium-calculation algorithms, which have been extensively studied for decades. However, simulation and engineering design of these processes using VT phase-equilibrium- calculation algorithms is sometimes more convenient than using conventional PT algorithms and has distinct advantages. The VT algorithm has been continuously improved over the last decade to ensure calculation accuracy, robustness, and efficiency, and it has been gradually applied in the petroleum industry. This article provides an overview of research findings in the field of EOS-based VT phase behavior calculation algorithms and their applications in oil and gas engineering. The Helmholtz-free-energy minimization approach, the Gibbs-free-energy minimization approach, and the nested approach based on the PT algorithm are three typical VT algorithm approaches discussed. The petroleum industry’s main applications of phase equilibrium calculation using the VT algorithm are described. Furthermore, some existing problems are identified, and several prospects for the application of the VT algorithm in the petroleum engineering field are presented. A critical review of the current state of the VT algorithm process, we believe, will fill the gap by shedding light on the process’s flaws and limitations, future development areas, and new research topics.","PeriodicalId":150634,"journal":{"name":"Science Insights","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128660006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biochar is a porous carbon-rich substance generated by anoxic pyrolysis of biomass. Biochar has a high adsorption capacity for organic contaminants in water and soil environmental media due to its large specific surface area and surface physical and chemical characteristics. The effects of biochar application on the adsorption-desorption behavior and bioavailability of pesticides in soil are illustrated in this paper; biochar can strongly adsorb pesticides in soil due to its loose and porous properties, large specific surface area and surface energy, and highly aromatic structure. Residual pesticide pollutants are reduced, as is desorption hysteresis, which reduces pesticide desorption. Furthermore, the use of biochar reduced the absorption and efficacy of pesticides in soil. At the same time, it describes the present gaps in research on the influence of biochar on pesticide migration mechanisms and its application in pesticide pollution control, and it identifies the major scientific issues that need to be addressed. Finally, the potential application of biochar in pesticide pollution management is discussed.
{"title":"Adsorption-Desorption Behavior and Pesticide Bioavailability of Biochar in Soil","authors":"Wilhelm Bahia","doi":"10.15354/si.22.re093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re093","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar is a porous carbon-rich substance generated by anoxic pyrolysis of biomass. Biochar has a high adsorption capacity for organic contaminants in water and soil environmental media due to its large specific surface area and surface physical and chemical characteristics. The effects of biochar application on the adsorption-desorption behavior and bioavailability of pesticides in soil are illustrated in this paper; biochar can strongly adsorb pesticides in soil due to its loose and porous properties, large specific surface area and surface energy, and highly aromatic structure. Residual pesticide pollutants are reduced, as is desorption hysteresis, which reduces pesticide desorption. Furthermore, the use of biochar reduced the absorption and efficacy of pesticides in soil. At the same time, it describes the present gaps in research on the influence of biochar on pesticide migration mechanisms and its application in pesticide pollution control, and it identifies the major scientific issues that need to be addressed. Finally, the potential application of biochar in pesticide pollution management is discussed.","PeriodicalId":150634,"journal":{"name":"Science Insights","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129900219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intensely tragic narratives of A Fu on the Marvelous Crow show profound distrust of Confucianism while drawing heavily on ideas from Confucian classics. This reflects both the adorning quality of Confucianism in the Western Han Dynasty and the chaotic social circumstances in the Western Han Dynasty’s middle and late periods. The crow in this work represents “Ren” a core principle of Confucianism that means humanity, benevolence, and love, and her death represents the decline of “Ren.” The prevalent divination culture of the time serves as the context for this writing.
{"title":"A Criticism of Confucianism’s Social Functions from “A Fu on the Marvelous Crow”: The Prophetic Meaning of the “Crow” in the Divination Culture","authors":"Chenxue Yu","doi":"10.15354/si.22.or030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.or030","url":null,"abstract":"The intensely tragic narratives of A Fu on the Marvelous Crow show profound distrust of Confucianism while drawing heavily on ideas from Confucian classics. This reflects both the adorning quality of Confucianism in the Western Han Dynasty and the chaotic social circumstances in the Western Han Dynasty’s middle and late periods. The crow in this work represents “Ren” a core principle of Confucianism that means humanity, benevolence, and love, and her death represents the decline of “Ren.” The prevalent divination culture of the time serves as the context for this writing.","PeriodicalId":150634,"journal":{"name":"Science Insights","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115782348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Worldwide, pyrethroid pesticides have been widely used in the control of agricultural pests and indoor pesticides, so they have an important impact on human daily life. The acute toxicity studies of pyrethroid pesticides have gotten many achievements and progress, but there is still no clear demonstration of its long-term chronic effects. This review presented the collection of published experiments, population surveys and laboratory tests on the long-term and chronic effects of pyrethroid pesticides. Typical research papers, and screened out the research progress in neurotoxicity, reproductive developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity and tumor research of pyrethroid pesticides. It can provide reference ideas for further research and development of harmless pesticides and pesticides.
{"title":"Toxicity and Health Hazards of Pyrethroid Pesticides","authors":"Zisis Rah, Bayu Rustika","doi":"10.15354/si.22.re096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re096","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, pyrethroid pesticides have been widely used in the control of agricultural pests and indoor pesticides, so they have an important impact on human daily life. The acute toxicity studies of pyrethroid pesticides have gotten many achievements and progress, but there is still no clear demonstration of its long-term chronic effects. This review presented the collection of published experiments, population surveys and laboratory tests on the long-term and chronic effects of pyrethroid pesticides. Typical research papers, and screened out the research progress in neurotoxicity, reproductive developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity and tumor research of pyrethroid pesticides. It can provide reference ideas for further research and development of harmless pesticides and pesticides.","PeriodicalId":150634,"journal":{"name":"Science Insights","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121286173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent diseases of the respiratory system in the elderly, and it poses a grave threat to the survival and quality of life. Examining the pathogenesis of COPD is extremely important for COPD prevention and treatment. To date, however, there is no medication for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that can delay the lung function decline over time. According to studies, vitamin D offers new hope for the treatment of COPD. A deficiency in vitamin D can exacerbate the progression of COPD, whereas adequate vitamin D has a therapeutic effect on COPD. This paper summarizes the relevant domestic and international research, discusses the possible mechanism of vitamin D’s effect on COPD, and investigates the role of vitamin D, particularly in COPD patients.
{"title":"Vitamin D and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","authors":"Miguel González-Herrera, José Ruiz-León","doi":"10.15354/si.22.re085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re085","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent diseases of the respiratory system in the elderly, and it poses a grave threat to the survival and quality of life. Examining the pathogenesis of COPD is extremely important for COPD prevention and treatment. To date, however, there is no medication for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that can delay the lung function decline over time. According to studies, vitamin D offers new hope for the treatment of COPD. A deficiency in vitamin D can exacerbate the progression of COPD, whereas adequate vitamin D has a therapeutic effect on COPD. This paper summarizes the relevant domestic and international research, discusses the possible mechanism of vitamin D’s effect on COPD, and investigates the role of vitamin D, particularly in COPD patients.","PeriodicalId":150634,"journal":{"name":"Science Insights","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123223198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vertigo, the illusion of movement of oneself or one’s surroundings in the absence of actual movement, is a common symptom in older adults and, as such, is commonly regarded as an age-related normal or part of the aging process itself, as its incidence increases with age. In neurology and otorhinolaryngology, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo. BPPV is a brief, recurrent episode of vertigo caused by changes in head position relative to the direction of gravity. The symptoms of peripheral vestibular disease are vertigo and characteristic nystagmus. The prevalence of undiagnosed BPPV is high due to the fact that many elderlies tolerate vertigo symptoms. According to etiology, it can be subdivided into idiopathic BPPV and secondary BPPV, and according to location, it can be subdivided into posterior semicircular canal BPPV, horizontal semicircular canal BPPV, and anterior semicircular canal BPPV.
{"title":"Insights into Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in the Elderly","authors":"Yamaya Konno","doi":"10.15354/si.22.re084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re084","url":null,"abstract":"Vertigo, the illusion of movement of oneself or one’s surroundings in the absence of actual movement, is a common symptom in older adults and, as such, is commonly regarded as an age-related normal or part of the aging process itself, as its incidence increases with age. In neurology and otorhinolaryngology, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo. BPPV is a brief, recurrent episode of vertigo caused by changes in head position relative to the direction of gravity. The symptoms of peripheral vestibular disease are vertigo and characteristic nystagmus. The prevalence of undiagnosed BPPV is high due to the fact that many elderlies tolerate vertigo symptoms. According to etiology, it can be subdivided into idiopathic BPPV and secondary BPPV, and according to location, it can be subdivided into posterior semicircular canal BPPV, horizontal semicircular canal BPPV, and anterior semicircular canal BPPV.","PeriodicalId":150634,"journal":{"name":"Science Insights","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129273183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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