Introduction: Salmonella and Shigella are gram-negative bacilli that are resistant to most antibiotics and play an important role in an etiology of diarrhea disease. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp and Shigella spp isolated from stool and blood samples in the city of N’Djamena. Materials and Method: This was a prospective study conducted in the four district hospitals of N’Djamena from 14 July 2022 to 31 December 2022. A questionnaire form was drawn up to collect the information sent to the study patients. The samples were analyzed at the CHU de la Mère et de l’Enfant, Labo-Redes laboratory according to their protocols and the standard of the antibiogram committee of the French microbiology society. Results: Of the 803 biological samples analyzed, 39 were positive for Salmonella spp and Shigella spp, including 15 for Salmonella and 24 for Shigella, giving an overall prevalence rate of 4.85%. Borehole water, uncooked food and lack of access to a latrine constitute a risk of being infected by Salmonella spp and Shigella spp species. Of the 8 antibiotics tested, Salmonella spp and Shigella spp strains showed good sensitivity to nalidixic acid (100% for Salmonella and 90 for Shigella) and to ciprofloxacin (90.9% for Salmonella and 75% for Shigella). Resistance to ampicillin was found in 81.81% of Salmonella species and 78.57% of Shigella species, as was resistance to chloramphenicol (81.81% of Salmonella species and 67.85% of Shigella species). Similarly, cleanliness of the service and equipment is an essential factor in preventing Salmonella and Shigella infections.
沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌是革兰氏阴性杆菌，对大多数抗生素具有耐药性，在腹泻病的病因学中起重要作用。该研究的目的是确定从恩贾梅纳市的粪便和血液样本中分离出的沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的流行程度。材料和方法:这是一项前瞻性研究，于2022年7月14日至2022年12月31日在恩贾梅纳的四个区医院进行。起草了一份调查问卷，收集发给研究患者的信息。样品在Labo-Redes的CHU de la m et de l 'Enfant实验室根据他们的协议和法国微生物学会抗生素谱委员会的标准进行分析。结果:803份生物样本中，沙门菌和志贺氏菌阳性39份，其中沙门菌15份，志贺氏菌24份，总体检出率为4.85%。井水、未煮熟的食物和缺乏厕所构成了感染沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的风险。在所检测的8种抗生素中，沙门菌和志贺氏菌对纳利地酸(沙门菌100%，志贺氏菌90%)和环丙沙星(沙门菌90.9%，志贺氏菌75%)均表现出良好的敏感性。81.81%的沙门氏菌和78.57%的志贺氏菌对氨苄西林耐药，81.81%的沙门氏菌和67.85%的志贺氏菌对氯霉素耐药。同样，服务和设备的清洁是预防沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌感染的重要因素。
{"title":"Different Species of <i>Salmonella spp</i> and <i>Shigella spp</i> and Their Risk of Infection in N’Djamena Chad","authors":"Mahamat Tahir N’garé Hassan, Ahmat Idriss Ahmat, Yacoub Mahamat Allamine, Abakar Lawane Idriss, Allagueryane Djimadinan, Abderrazzack Adoum Foudda, Ali Mahamat Moussa","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.1111001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.1111001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Salmonella and Shigella are gram-negative bacilli that are resistant to most antibiotics and play an important role in an etiology of diarrhea disease. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp and Shigella spp isolated from stool and blood samples in the city of N’Djamena. Materials and Method: This was a prospective study conducted in the four district hospitals of N’Djamena from 14 July 2022 to 31 December 2022. A questionnaire form was drawn up to collect the information sent to the study patients. The samples were analyzed at the CHU de la Mère et de l’Enfant, Labo-Redes laboratory according to their protocols and the standard of the antibiogram committee of the French microbiology society. Results: Of the 803 biological samples analyzed, 39 were positive for Salmonella spp and Shigella spp, including 15 for Salmonella and 24 for Shigella, giving an overall prevalence rate of 4.85%. Borehole water, uncooked food and lack of access to a latrine constitute a risk of being infected by Salmonella spp and Shigella spp species. Of the 8 antibiotics tested, Salmonella spp and Shigella spp strains showed good sensitivity to nalidixic acid (100% for Salmonella and 90 for Shigella) and to ciprofloxacin (90.9% for Salmonella and 75% for Shigella). Resistance to ampicillin was found in 81.81% of Salmonella species and 78.57% of Shigella species, as was resistance to chloramphenicol (81.81% of Salmonella species and 67.85% of Shigella species). Similarly, cleanliness of the service and equipment is an essential factor in preventing Salmonella and Shigella infections.","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135319803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2023.1110015
Herman Akassa, Bonaventure Max Lazare Peneme, Constantin Moukouma, Dieu-Merci Bevel Gallo Mongo, Rachie Osandze, Arnaud Wilfrid Etou Ossibi, Ange Antoine Abena
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the steroidogenic effects and phytochemical profile of aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum in male rats. Assays of biochemical reproductive parameters (total cholesterol, serum testosterone, FSH and LH) were carried out using Cypress and ELISA kits respectively. The chemical screening of the extract was conducted through tube reactions, the principle of which involves adding a reagent to a quantity of the extract, and subsequently observing the resulting reactions such as precipitation and color change. The results obtained showed that oral administration of the aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum (250 and 500 mg/kg) produced a significant increase (p Tetracarpidium conophorum kernels at the doses studied produced a very significant decrease in total cholesterol levels (p Tetracarpidium conophorum kernels could have hypocholesterolemic and steroidogenic potential. A study of the aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum on semen quality and oxidative stress parameters deserves to be conducted.
{"title":"Steroidogenic Effects and Phytochemical Profile of Aqueous Extract of <i>Tetracarpidium conophorum</i> (Mull. Arg.) & Hutch Kernels in Male Rats","authors":"Herman Akassa, Bonaventure Max Lazare Peneme, Constantin Moukouma, Dieu-Merci Bevel Gallo Mongo, Rachie Osandze, Arnaud Wilfrid Etou Ossibi, Ange Antoine Abena","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.1110015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.1110015","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study was to evaluate the steroidogenic effects and phytochemical profile of aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum in male rats. Assays of biochemical reproductive parameters (total cholesterol, serum testosterone, FSH and LH) were carried out using Cypress and ELISA kits respectively. The chemical screening of the extract was conducted through tube reactions, the principle of which involves adding a reagent to a quantity of the extract, and subsequently observing the resulting reactions such as precipitation and color change. The results obtained showed that oral administration of the aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum (250 and 500 mg/kg) produced a significant increase (p Tetracarpidium conophorum kernels at the doses studied produced a very significant decrease in total cholesterol levels (p Tetracarpidium conophorum kernels could have hypocholesterolemic and steroidogenic potential. A study of the aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum on semen quality and oxidative stress parameters deserves to be conducted.","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135105055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Azike, V. N. Agi, E. Nwokah, Amba Ollor Ollor, C. Nyenke, C. K. Wachukwu
{"title":"Antibiogram, Genomic and Phylogeny of Stool and Seafood Isolates from Some Cholera-Prone Coastal Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Azike, V. N. Agi, E. Nwokah, Amba Ollor Ollor, C. Nyenke, C. K. Wachukwu","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.114028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.114028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78305293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of 66 Cases of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor","authors":"Tianzhi Zhang, Chao‐Zhao Liang, Danting Su","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.116011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.116011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72721981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chukwuka O Udemezue, P. Amaraegbulam, K. Madu, Ekene Isikaku
{"title":"Ponseti Treatment of Bilateral Idiopathic Clubfoot: Does the Hand Dominance of the Provider Make a Difference?","authors":"Chukwuka O Udemezue, P. Amaraegbulam, K. Madu, Ekene Isikaku","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.113001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.113001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"51 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73389772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patience Nformi Ndapkwi, E. Menkem, Oteh Njockawoh Mpey, Eleonore Ngounou, Woquan Sama Luma, Watching Djakissam, Erastus Nembo Nembu, Jackson Seukep Armel, Francis Désiré Bomba Taksinkou, D. Teuwafeu, F. Boyom
{"title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Awareness of Chronic Kidney Disease among Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertensive Individuals at the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon","authors":"Patience Nformi Ndapkwi, E. Menkem, Oteh Njockawoh Mpey, Eleonore Ngounou, Woquan Sama Luma, Watching Djakissam, Erastus Nembo Nembu, Jackson Seukep Armel, Francis Désiré Bomba Taksinkou, D. Teuwafeu, F. Boyom","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.114019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.114019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73740676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ADHD in Children and Adolescents: Barriers to Ethical and Successful Treatment","authors":"K. Smith","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.113007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.113007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81994635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Fibrinolytic Activity in Gastric Cancer","authors":"Dana I. Wu, Hong-xia Zheng, Fang Bao, Yong Huang","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.113003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.113003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80342878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Combined Drug Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Yameng Yang, Min Wang","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.118012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.118012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82895749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanism of Niacin Induced Hot Flushes and Suppression of Cholesterol","authors":"T. Subramanian","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.115016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.115016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"91 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83664566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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