Background: Pollen allergies have a high prevalence in northern China, whereas, the types of pollen allergens and population characteristics among different regions remain unclear. Objective: To study the species and temporal distribution of the main allergenic pollen, as well as the characteristics of patients with pollen-related allergic rhinitis (AR) in different cities in northern China. Methods: Pollen data were obtained from pollen-monitoring stations in 13 cities of northern China between 2020 and 2021. Questionnaire surveys and allergen testing were conducted in 494 patients with pollen-related allergies from Beijing in Central, Shenyang in Northeast, and Xi’an in Northwest China. Results: In 13 cities of northern China, the main sources of pollen were cypress, poplar, elm, pine, birch and ash in spring, and mugwort, goosefoot, hop and ragweed in autumn. In Northwest China, the spring and autumn pollen periods started earlier and lasted longer than that in Central and Northeast China, and the pollen counts in autumn in was significantly higher than that in Central and Northeast China. Furthermore, the nasal, ocular and respiratory symptom and quality of life scores of AR patients in Northwest China were significantly higher than that in Central and Northeast China. 69.32– 73.28% of patients had annual cost of anti-allergic medication between 500– 5000 yuan. However, 40.93– 48.86% of patients reported minor control of symptoms. Conclusion: Our results can be used as a basis for developing effective prevention and management measures for patients with pollen-related allergy in these regions, including timely pollen monitoring, patient guidance on protective measures, early intervention, and specific immunotherapy, to improve pollen-related allergy management.
{"title":"Main Airborne Pollen Species and Characteristics of Allergic Rhinitis Patients with Pollen-Related Allergies in 13 Northern Chinese Cities","authors":"Jingxuan Zhang, Yun Yan, Feifei Jiang, Jingguo Chen, Yuhui Ouyang, Luo Zhang","doi":"10.2147/jaa.s471540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jaa.s471540","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Pollen allergies have a high prevalence in northern China, whereas, the types of pollen allergens and population characteristics among different regions remain unclear.<br/><strong>Objective:</strong> To study the species and temporal distribution of the main allergenic pollen, as well as the characteristics of patients with pollen-related allergic rhinitis (AR) in different cities in northern China.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> Pollen data were obtained from pollen-monitoring stations in 13 cities of northern China between 2020 and 2021. Questionnaire surveys and allergen testing were conducted in 494 patients with pollen-related allergies from Beijing in Central, Shenyang in Northeast, and Xi’an in Northwest China.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> In 13 cities of northern China, the main sources of pollen were cypress, poplar, elm, pine, birch and ash in spring, and mugwort, goosefoot, hop and ragweed in autumn. In Northwest China, the spring and autumn pollen periods started earlier and lasted longer than that in Central and Northeast China, and the pollen counts in autumn in was significantly higher than that in Central and Northeast China. Furthermore, the nasal, ocular and respiratory symptom and quality of life scores of AR patients in Northwest China were significantly higher than that in Central and Northeast China. 69.32– 73.28% of patients had annual cost of anti-allergic medication between 500– 5000 yuan. However, 40.93– 48.86% of patients reported minor control of symptoms.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our results can be used as a basis for developing effective prevention and management measures for patients with pollen-related allergy in these regions, including timely pollen monitoring, patient guidance on protective measures, early intervention, and specific immunotherapy, to improve pollen-related allergy management.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S461524
Bradley E Chipps, Robert S Zeiger, David A Beuther, Robert A Wise, William McCann, Joan Reibman, Maureen George, Ileen Gilbert, James M Eudicone, Karin S Coyne, Gale Harding, Kevin R Murphy
{"title":"Impact of Utilizing a Composite versus a Symptom-Only Validation Standard in the Development of the Asthma Impairment and Risk Questionnaire.","authors":"Bradley E Chipps, Robert S Zeiger, David A Beuther, Robert A Wise, William McCann, Joan Reibman, Maureen George, Ileen Gilbert, James M Eudicone, Karin S Coyne, Gale Harding, Kevin R Murphy","doi":"10.2147/JAA.S461524","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JAA.S461524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"17 ","pages":"751-756"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S475367
Ping Wu, Yijing Hu, Xiaoxia Yan
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in children. It has a serious impact on children's physical and mental health. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary and comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory disease, whose major components include breathing training, inspiratory muscle training and exercise training. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary and comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases, the main components of which are breathing training, inspiratory muscle training and exercise training. Pulmonary rehabilitation can improve the physical and mental condition of patients with chronic respiratory diseases and promote healthy behaviors. However, there is little research on pulmonary rehabilitation in children with asthma. This review comprehensively evaluated the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in children with asthma at home and abroad, aiming to provide reference for clinical research on pulmonary rehabilitation in children with asthma.
{"title":"Progress in Research into the Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Children with Asthma - A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ping Wu, Yijing Hu, Xiaoxia Yan","doi":"10.2147/JAA.S475367","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JAA.S475367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in children. It has a serious impact on children's physical and mental health. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary and comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory disease, whose major components include breathing training, inspiratory muscle training and exercise training. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary and comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases, the main components of which are breathing training, inspiratory muscle training and exercise training. Pulmonary rehabilitation can improve the physical and mental condition of patients with chronic respiratory diseases and promote healthy behaviors. However, there is little research on pulmonary rehabilitation in children with asthma. This review comprehensively evaluated the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in children with asthma at home and abroad, aiming to provide reference for clinical research on pulmonary rehabilitation in children with asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"17 ","pages":"743-750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S462694
Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Blanca María Morfín-Maciel, Victor Gonzalez-Uribe, Claudia Ivonne Gallego-Corella, Germán Agustín Rico-Solís, Luiana Hernández-Velázquez, Daniel García-Imperial, Chrystopherson Gengyny Caballero-Lopez, Ondina Marlene Garibay-Vargas, José Luis Gálvez-Romero, Daniela García Fajardo, Joel Barroso-Santos, Herberth de Jesús Pérez-Áviles, Jorge Agustín Luna-Pech, Cecilia Yvonne García-Cobas, Kareli Guadalupe Coronado-Hernández, Margarita Ortega-Cisneros, Carlos Humberto González-Gutiérrez, Daniela Rivero-Yeverino, Elsy Maureen Navarrete-Rodríguez, Leticia Lezama-Vázquez, Karen Lilian Rivera-Alvarado, Georgina Guadalupe Ochoa-López, Sara Elizabeth Covarrubias-Ramírez, Claudia Patricia Reyes-Galindo, Beatriz Bayardo-Gutiérrez, María Del Carmen Calderón-Ezquerro
Introduction: Aeroallergen exposure has an intra- and extra-domiciliary component and varies according to climatological zones. Mexico is a large country with a great variety of climates. A previous study (2009) evaluated skin prick test results (SPT) in different regions. In this study, we compare previous sensitization patterns from 14y ago with current ones and compare them between different climatological zones.
Methods: Mexican allergists were asked to share their last 100 SPT results in patients with respiratory allergy. Clinics were grouped in (semi)humid vs (semi)dry zones. Results were analyzed nationwide and compared to the 2009 results, calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), with p <0.05 as cut-off. Similarly, we compared (semi)humid versus dry zones.
Results: We collected 2915 SPT results from 28 clinics (19 cities). Dermatophagoides was the most frequently sensitizing allergen. There was a significant increase in SPT positivity from 2009 to 2023 in both in- and outdoor aeroallergens (OR 1.26-2.65, 95% CI from 1.06-1.50 to 1.99-3.52). Comparing dry-humid zones, sensitization to pollen from Oleaceae, Fagaceae (p < 0.0001 all) and most weeds is more frequent in humid zones, as are Dermatophagoides and cockroach (both p < 0.0001). Eucalyptus, mesquite, and all grass pollen sensitizations predominate in dry zones (p < 0.05-0.0001). There are no differences in sensitization to cat or dog between zones.
Conclusion: We found a general increase in SPT sensitization over the past fourteen years, suggesting that this is probably not only due to climate change. The different sensitization profile throughout the country was mainly related to humidity. Repeating epidemiologic SPT studies over the years could help tracking changes in allergen sensitization over time.
{"title":"Changes in Skin Test Aeroallergen Sensitization in Mexico Over the Past 14 Years and According to Climate.","authors":"Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Blanca María Morfín-Maciel, Victor Gonzalez-Uribe, Claudia Ivonne Gallego-Corella, Germán Agustín Rico-Solís, Luiana Hernández-Velázquez, Daniel García-Imperial, Chrystopherson Gengyny Caballero-Lopez, Ondina Marlene Garibay-Vargas, José Luis Gálvez-Romero, Daniela García Fajardo, Joel Barroso-Santos, Herberth de Jesús Pérez-Áviles, Jorge Agustín Luna-Pech, Cecilia Yvonne García-Cobas, Kareli Guadalupe Coronado-Hernández, Margarita Ortega-Cisneros, Carlos Humberto González-Gutiérrez, Daniela Rivero-Yeverino, Elsy Maureen Navarrete-Rodríguez, Leticia Lezama-Vázquez, Karen Lilian Rivera-Alvarado, Georgina Guadalupe Ochoa-López, Sara Elizabeth Covarrubias-Ramírez, Claudia Patricia Reyes-Galindo, Beatriz Bayardo-Gutiérrez, María Del Carmen Calderón-Ezquerro","doi":"10.2147/JAA.S462694","DOIUrl":"10.2147/JAA.S462694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aeroallergen exposure has an intra- and extra-domiciliary component and varies according to climatological zones. Mexico is a large country with a great variety of climates. A previous study (2009) evaluated skin prick test results (SPT) in different regions. In this study, we compare previous sensitization patterns from 14y ago with current ones and compare them between different climatological zones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mexican allergists were asked to share their last 100 SPT results in patients with respiratory allergy. Clinics were grouped in (semi)humid vs (semi)dry zones. Results were analyzed nationwide and compared to the 2009 results, calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), with p <0.05 as cut-off. Similarly, we compared (semi)humid versus dry zones.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collected 2915 SPT results from 28 clinics (19 cities). <i>Dermatophagoides</i> was the most frequently sensitizing allergen. There was a significant increase in SPT positivity from 2009 to 2023 in both in- and outdoor aeroallergens (OR 1.26-2.65, 95% CI from 1.06-1.50 to 1.99-3.52). Comparing dry-humid zones, sensitization to pollen from Oleaceae, Fagaceae (p < 0.0001 all) and most weeds is more frequent in humid zones, as are <i>Dermatophagoides</i> and cockroach (both p < 0.0001). Eucalyptus, mesquite, and all grass pollen sensitizations predominate in dry zones (p < 0.05-0.0001). There are no differences in sensitization to cat or dog between zones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a general increase in SPT sensitization over the past fourteen years, suggesting that this is probably not only due to climate change. The different sensitization profile throughout the country was mainly related to humidity. Repeating epidemiologic SPT studies over the years could help tracking changes in allergen sensitization over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"17 ","pages":"733-742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Ding, Xiaofan Lu, Huimin Wang, Wenming Chen, Bing Niu
Purpose: Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation are the pathological basis of allergic diseases. Inhibition of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome could ameliorate allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we explored the effects and mechanisms that underlie NLRP3 inhibition on oxidative stress and inflammation in AR. Methods: Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR murine model was established using wild-type (WT) and NLRP3-deficient mice. HNEpCs were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-13 with MCC950 pretreatment or PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) siRNA. The indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitophagy were determined both in vivo and in vitro. Results: NLRP3 knockout (KO) reduced the frequency of nasal rubbing and sneezing, the infiltration of eosinophils, the number of mast cells, and the accumulation of goblet cells in AR mice after OVA stimulation. The NLRP3 KO AR mice exhibited the increased concentrations of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (OVA-sIgE), IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, TNF-α, and the upregulated level of IFN-γ. NLRP3 KO significantly inhibited oxidative stress, and also markedly decreased apoptosis in the nasal mucosa of AR mice. Moreover, evaluated protein expressions of PINK1, enzyme 3 (E3) ubiquitin ligase PRKN (Parkin), and LC3 II, decreased expression of TOM20, as well as the increased colocalization of LC3 with mitochondria were observed in NLRP3 KO AR mice. In vitro, IL-13 exposure increased the levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β. Inhibition of NLRP3 using MCC950 enhanced PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy but attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. However, PINK1 knockdown abrogated mitophagy and also reversed the protective effects of MCC950 on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HNEpCs stimulated with IL-13. Conclusion: Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome exerts the protective effects on AR by facilitating mitophagy regulated by PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.
目的：越来越多的证据表明，氧化应激和炎症是过敏性疾病的病理基础。抑制 NOD 样受体家族含 pyrin 结构域的 3（NLRP3）炎性体可以改善过敏性鼻炎（AR）。在此，我们探讨了抑制 NLRP3 对 AR 中氧化应激和炎症的影响及其机制：方法：使用野生型（WT）和 NLRP3 缺陷型小鼠建立了卵清蛋白（OVA）诱导的 AR 小鼠模型。用白细胞介素（IL）-13刺激HNEpCs，并使用MCC950预处理或PTEN诱导的推定激酶1（PINK1）siRNA。在体内和体外测定了氧化应激、炎症、细胞凋亡和有丝分裂的指标：结果：NLRP3基因敲除（KO）减少了OVA刺激后AR小鼠揉鼻和打喷嚏的频率、嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润、肥大细胞的数量以及鹅口疮细胞的堆积。NLRP3 KO AR小鼠的OVA特异性免疫球蛋白E（OVA-sIgE）、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-13、IL-6、TNF-α浓度升高，IFN-γ水平上调。NLRP3 KO 能明显抑制氧化应激，还能显著减少 AR 小鼠鼻黏膜的细胞凋亡。此外，在 NLRP3 KO 的 AR 小鼠中还观察到 PINK1、酶 3（E3）泛素连接酶 PRKN（Parkin）和 LC3 II 蛋白表达量的评估、TOM20 表达量的降低以及 LC3 与线粒体共定位的增加。在体外，IL-13 的暴露增加了 NLRP3 和 IL-1β 的水平。使用 MCC950 抑制 NLRP3 可增强 PINK1/Parkin 介导的有丝分裂，但会减轻炎症、氧化应激和细胞凋亡。然而，PINK1基因敲除会减弱有丝分裂，也会逆转MCC950对受到IL-13刺激的HNEpCs的炎症、氧化应激和细胞凋亡的保护作用：结论：抑制NLRP3炎性体通过促进PINK1/Parkin信号通路调控的有丝分裂对AR具有保护作用：NLRP3、有丝分裂、炎症、氧化应激、PINK1/Parkin
{"title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome Deficiency Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Promoting PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in Allergic Rhinitis Mice and Nasal Epithelial Cells","authors":"Hong Ding, Xiaofan Lu, Huimin Wang, Wenming Chen, Bing Niu","doi":"10.2147/jaa.s467774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jaa.s467774","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation are the pathological basis of allergic diseases. Inhibition of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome could ameliorate allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we explored the effects and mechanisms that underlie NLRP3 inhibition on oxidative stress and inflammation in AR.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR murine model was established using wild-type (WT) and NLRP3-deficient mice. HNEpCs were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-13 with MCC950 pretreatment or PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) siRNA. The indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitophagy were determined both in vivo and in vitro.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> NLRP3 knockout (KO) reduced the frequency of nasal rubbing and sneezing, the infiltration of eosinophils, the number of mast cells, and the accumulation of goblet cells in AR mice after OVA stimulation. The NLRP3 KO AR mice exhibited the increased concentrations of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (OVA-sIgE), IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, TNF-α, and the upregulated level of IFN-γ. NLRP3 KO significantly inhibited oxidative stress, and also markedly decreased apoptosis in the nasal mucosa of AR mice. Moreover, evaluated protein expressions of PINK1, enzyme 3 (E3) ubiquitin ligase PRKN (Parkin), and LC3 II, decreased expression of TOM20, as well as the increased colocalization of LC3 with mitochondria were observed in NLRP3 KO AR mice. In vitro, IL-13 exposure increased the levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β. Inhibition of NLRP3 using MCC950 enhanced PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy but attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. However, PINK1 knockdown abrogated mitophagy and also reversed the protective effects of MCC950 on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HNEpCs stimulated with IL-13.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome exerts the protective effects on AR by facilitating mitophagy regulated by PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> NLRP3, mitophagy, inflammation, oxidative stress, PINK1/Parkin<br/>","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omima Mohammed Ali Omima Mohammed, Omaima Abdel Majeed Mohamed Salih, Islamia Ibrahim Ahmed Omer, Yousra Ibrahim Abdallah Mohammed, Omer A Mohammed, Ammar Elgadi, Lina Hemmeda, Walaa Elnaiem, Malaz Tarig Abdalla Mohamed, Areeba Ahsan, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed
Background: Asthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases. Childhood asthma has been increasing in Sudan, with a 13– 16% prevalence among Khartoum school children. To achieve and maintain good asthma control, proper diagnosis, assessment of severity, and appropriate medication administration are crucial, with phenotyping being a key factor in determining patients’ specific treatment. Objective: To study the frequency of severe asthma and the distribution of its different phenotypes and to investigate associations between age and gender and different phenotypes of asthma. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in the Asthma Clinic of Mohamed Al-Amin Hamid Pediatrics Hospital. It included 229 patients who were presented to the clinic from September 2021 to April 2022. Data were collected from the patients and/or their caregivers using a modified validated standard questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. A p-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study of 229 participants, 14.4% had severe asthma, with 44.5% and 41% exhibiting mild and moderate asthma, respectively. Most were effectively managed in steps 2 or 3. The cohort, primarily aged 5 or younger (40.2%) with a male majority (62%), showed a mean diagnosis age of 2.9 ± 2.8 years. Impressively, 90% maintained well-controlled asthma. Within severe asthma cases (87% atopic), 39.4% represented a severe allergic asthma phenotype. Elevated eosinophil counts were noted in 45.5% (serum) and 78.8% (sputum cytology), while 57.6% had normal serum IgE levels. The predominant symptom pattern in severe asthma was episodic multi-trigger wheezing (48.5%). Age and gender displayed no significant association with severe asthma phenotype. Conclusion: This study reveals a concerning rise in childhood asthma prevalence in Sudan, emphasizing the importance of tailored treatment strategies. Severe asthma, characterized by atopic eosinophilic involvement, necessitates targeted interventions in pediatric asthma care for specific phenotypes.
{"title":"Frequency of Severe Asthma and Its Clinical Phenotypes at the Asthma Clinic in One of the Largest Sudanese Tertiary Pediatric Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Outpatient-Based Study","authors":"Omima Mohammed Ali Omima Mohammed, Omaima Abdel Majeed Mohamed Salih, Islamia Ibrahim Ahmed Omer, Yousra Ibrahim Abdallah Mohammed, Omer A Mohammed, Ammar Elgadi, Lina Hemmeda, Walaa Elnaiem, Malaz Tarig Abdalla Mohamed, Areeba Ahsan, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed","doi":"10.2147/jaa.s450379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jaa.s450379","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Asthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases. Childhood asthma has been increasing in Sudan, with a 13– 16% prevalence among Khartoum school children. To achieve and maintain good asthma control, proper diagnosis, assessment of severity, and appropriate medication administration are crucial, with phenotyping being a key factor in determining patients’ specific treatment.<br/><strong>Objective:</strong> To study the frequency of severe asthma and the distribution of its different phenotypes and to investigate associations between age and gender and different phenotypes of asthma.<br/><strong>Methodology:</strong> This descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in the Asthma Clinic of Mohamed Al-Amin Hamid Pediatrics Hospital. It included 229 patients who were presented to the clinic from September 2021 to April 2022. Data were collected from the patients and/or their caregivers using a modified validated standard questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. A p-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> In this study of 229 participants, 14.4% had severe asthma, with 44.5% and 41% exhibiting mild and moderate asthma, respectively. Most were effectively managed in steps 2 or 3. The cohort, primarily aged 5 or younger (40.2%) with a male majority (62%), showed a mean diagnosis age of 2.9 ± 2.8 years. Impressively, 90% maintained well-controlled asthma. Within severe asthma cases (87% atopic), 39.4% represented a severe allergic asthma phenotype. Elevated eosinophil counts were noted in 45.5% (serum) and 78.8% (sputum cytology), while 57.6% had normal serum IgE levels. The predominant symptom pattern in severe asthma was episodic multi-trigger wheezing (48.5%). Age and gender displayed no significant association with severe asthma phenotype.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study reveals a concerning rise in childhood asthma prevalence in Sudan, emphasizing the importance of tailored treatment strategies. Severe asthma, characterized by atopic eosinophilic involvement, necessitates targeted interventions in pediatric asthma care for specific phenotypes.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Asthma severely interferes with people’s lives through coughing, wheezing and inflammation of the lungs. Herbacetin is a class of natural compounds that inhibit the development of inflammation. However, whether Herbacetin inhibits asthma has not been definitively studied. Methods: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced lung epithelial (BASE-2B) cells injury model was established, and then the relief of damaged BASE-2B cells with different concentrations of Herbacetin was examined. The cell counting kit (CCK8) was used to detect the effect of Herbacetin on the proliferation ability in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mice model, and Western Blot and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of Herbacetin on the apoptosis in OVA-induced asthma mice model. Additionally, pulmonary pathology was detected by HE and Masson staining, and serum inflammatory factors were detected by alveolar lavage fluid. Results: Herbacetin reduces BESA-2B cells induced by LPS level of inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inhibits cell apoptosis, promotes cell proliferation, OVA-induced mice lung histopathology test HE staining, serum inflammatory factors show the same results. Western Blot shows that Herbacetin regulates the expression of Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2. SGK1 overexpression increased the rate of apoptosis, and Herbacetin reversed this phenomenon. By silencing the expression of SGK1, it was found that Herbacetin was an inhibitor of SGK1, which could inhibit the NF-κB/p-P65 pathway in asthmatic airway inflammation. Conclusion: Herbacetin reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels by inhibiting the SGK1/NF-κB pathway. Our data suggest that Herbacetin has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on asthma and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent.
背景：哮喘会引起咳嗽、喘息和肺部炎症，严重影响人们的生活。草本乙炔是一类能抑制炎症发展的天然化合物。然而，草本乙炔是否能抑制哮喘尚未有明确的研究：方法：建立脂多糖（LPS）诱导的肺上皮细胞（BASE-2B）损伤模型，然后检测不同浓度的草本乙素对 BASE-2B 细胞损伤的缓解作用。用细胞计数试剂盒（CCK8）检测草本苷对卵清蛋白（OVA）诱导的哮喘小鼠模型增殖能力的影响，用 Western Blot 和流式细胞术检测草本苷对 OVA 诱导的哮喘小鼠模型细胞凋亡的影响。此外，还通过 HE 和 Masson 染色法检测肺部病理变化，并通过肺泡灌洗液检测血清炎症因子：结果：草本乙炔能降低 LPS 诱导的 BESA-2B 细胞炎症水平和活性氧（ROS）生成，抑制细胞凋亡，促进细胞增殖，OVA 诱导的小鼠肺组织病理学检测 HE 染色、血清炎症因子检测结果相同。Western Blot 显示，草除灵调节 Caspase-3、Bax 和 Bcl-2 的表达。SGK1 过表达会增加细胞凋亡率，而草本乙素能逆转这一现象。通过沉默 SGK1 的表达，发现草本酮是 SGK1 的抑制剂，可以抑制哮喘气道炎症中的 NF-κB/p-P65 通路：结论：草本乙素可通过抑制 SGK1/NF-κB 通路降低促炎细胞因子水平。我们的数据表明，草木犀素对哮喘有显著的抗炎作用，可作为一种潜在的治疗药物。
{"title":"Herbacetin Inhibits Asthma Development by Blocking the SGK1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway","authors":"Xiufeng Chen, Yong hong Jiang, Xiaoqin Fei, Mingjing Wang, Anqi Liu, Xuejun Li, Zhiyan Jiang","doi":"10.2147/jaa.s468689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jaa.s468689","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Asthma severely interferes with people’s lives through coughing, wheezing and inflammation of the lungs. Herbacetin is a class of natural compounds that inhibit the development of inflammation. However, whether Herbacetin inhibits asthma has not been definitively studied.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced lung epithelial (BASE-2B) cells injury model was established, and then the relief of damaged BASE-2B cells with different concentrations of Herbacetin was examined. The cell counting kit (CCK8) was used to detect the effect of Herbacetin on the proliferation ability in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mice model, and Western Blot and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of Herbacetin on the apoptosis in OVA-induced asthma mice model. Additionally, pulmonary pathology was detected by HE and Masson staining, and serum inflammatory factors were detected by alveolar lavage fluid.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Herbacetin reduces BESA-2B cells induced by LPS level of inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inhibits cell apoptosis, promotes cell proliferation, OVA-induced mice lung histopathology test HE staining, serum inflammatory factors show the same results. Western Blot shows that Herbacetin regulates the expression of Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2. SGK1 overexpression increased the rate of apoptosis, and Herbacetin reversed this phenomenon. By silencing the expression of SGK1, it was found that Herbacetin was an inhibitor of SGK1, which could inhibit the NF-κB/p-P65 pathway in asthmatic airway inflammation.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Herbacetin reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels by inhibiting the SGK1/NF-κB pathway. Our data suggest that Herbacetin has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on asthma and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josefine Persson, Juhani Aakko, Saara Kaijala, Mariann I Lassenius, Arja Viinanen, Hannu Kankaanranta, Lauri Lehtimäki
Purpose: Patients with asthma and low levels of type 2 inflammatory biomarkers (T2 low) have limited effective treatment options. Such biomarkers include eg blood eosinophils (b-eos) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). The healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) of severe uncontrolled T2 low asthma remains unexplored. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the HCRU of T2 low and non-T2 low severe uncontrolled asthma patients using real-world data in Finland. Patients and Methods: Adult patients with an asthma diagnosis during baseline (2012– 2017) at the pulmonary department of Turku University Hospital were included and followed during 2018– 2021, or until death. Total HCRU costs and respiratory-related HCRU costs were evaluated. The main drivers for the HCRU and costs were assessed with gamma and negative binomial regression models. Results: Of the severe uncontrolled asthma patients with T2 status available, 40% (N=66) were identified with T2 low and 60% (N=103) with non-T2 low asthma. The average cumulative cost per patient was similar in patients with T2 low compared with non-T2 low, with all-cause costs cumulating in four years of follow-up to 37,524€ (95% CI: 27,160, 47,888) in T2 low compared to 34,712€ (25,484, 43,940) in non-T2 low. The corresponding average cumulative respiratory-related costs were 5178€ (3150, 7205) in T2 low compared to 5209€ (4104, 6313) in non-T2 low. Regression modelling identified no differences between the T2-status groups when assessing all-cause healthcare costs per patient-year (PPY). On the other hand, the regression modelling predicted more inpatient days PPY for severe uncontrolled patients with T2 low status compared to the patients with non-T2 low status. Conclusion: Patients with uncontrolled severe T2 low asthma use equal healthcare resources as corresponding non-T2 low patients. This study brought new insights into the HCRU of severe uncontrolled asthma patients per T2 status, which has not previously been investigated.
{"title":"Healthcare Resource Utilisation of Severe Uncontrolled T2low and Non-T2low Asthma in Finland During 2018-2021","authors":"Josefine Persson, Juhani Aakko, Saara Kaijala, Mariann I Lassenius, Arja Viinanen, Hannu Kankaanranta, Lauri Lehtimäki","doi":"10.2147/jaa.s455911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jaa.s455911","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Patients with asthma and low levels of type 2 inflammatory biomarkers (T2 low) have limited effective treatment options. Such biomarkers include eg blood eosinophils (b-eos) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). The healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) of severe uncontrolled T2 low asthma remains unexplored. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the HCRU of T2 low and non-T2 low severe uncontrolled asthma patients using real-world data in Finland.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Adult patients with an asthma diagnosis during baseline (2012– 2017) at the pulmonary department of Turku University Hospital were included and followed during 2018– 2021, or until death. Total HCRU costs and respiratory-related HCRU costs were evaluated. The main drivers for the HCRU and costs were assessed with gamma and negative binomial regression models.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Of the severe uncontrolled asthma patients with T2 status available, 40% (N=66) were identified with T2 low and 60% (N=103) with non-T2 low asthma. The average cumulative cost per patient was similar in patients with T2 low compared with non-T2 low, with all-cause costs cumulating in four years of follow-up to 37,524€ (95% CI: 27,160, 47,888) in T2 low compared to 34,712€ (25,484, 43,940) in non-T2 low. The corresponding average cumulative respiratory-related costs were 5178€ (3150, 7205) in T2 low compared to 5209€ (4104, 6313) in non-T2 low. Regression modelling identified no differences between the T2-status groups when assessing all-cause healthcare costs per patient-year (PPY). On the other hand, the regression modelling predicted more inpatient days PPY for severe uncontrolled patients with T2 low status compared to the patients with non-T2 low status.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Patients with uncontrolled severe T2 low asthma use equal healthcare resources as corresponding non-T2 low patients. This study brought new insights into the HCRU of severe uncontrolled asthma patients per T2 status, which has not previously been investigated.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> severe uncontrolled asthma, phenotypes, healthcare resource utilisation, economic burden, real-world evidence<br/>","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Asia and the world is steadily rising. Patients experience incomplete symptom relief despite existing treatment options, which warrants the need for new therapeutic regimes. Azelastine hydrochloride/fluticasone propionate (MP-AzeFlu), a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate has been indicated in the treatment of AR. The current review discusses the effects of MP-AzeFlu versus conventional therapies in achieving superior clinical improvement with a very rapid onset of action (5 minutes). The superiority of MP-AzeFlu in offering complete symptom control with sustained relief in patients with AR compared to the existing therapeutic options is also discussed. MP-AzeFlu has been shown to improve the quality of life for patients with AR, thereby enhancing patient adherence to therapy and establishing its preference for the treatment of AR. Currently, the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines recommend the use of a combination of intranasal corticosteroids and intranasal antihistamines as first-line treatment in patients with persistent AR with visual analog scores ≥ 5 or when prior treatment with single agents has been ineffective. Widely published data on the efficacy and safety of its prolonged use in adults and children have validated that effective treatment of AR can be achieved with MP-AzeFlu.
摘要：过敏性鼻炎（AR）在亚洲和全球的发病率正在稳步上升。尽管有现有的治疗方案，但患者的症状缓解不彻底，因此需要新的治疗方案。盐酸氮卓斯汀/丙酸氟替卡松（MP-AzeFlu）是盐酸氮卓斯汀和丙酸氟替卡松的新型鼻内制剂，已被用于治疗鼻炎。本综述讨论了 MP-AzeFlu 与传统疗法相比，在快速起效（5 分钟）改善临床症状方面的效果。此外，还讨论了 MP-AzeFlu 与现有治疗方案相比，在完全控制 AR 患者症状并持续缓解症状方面的优越性。事实证明，MP-AzeFlu 可改善 AR 患者的生活质量，从而提高患者对治疗的依从性，并确立其在 AR 治疗中的优先地位。目前，过敏性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响（ARIA）指南建议将鼻内皮质类固醇激素和鼻内抗组胺药物联合使用，作为视觉模拟评分≥5 分或之前单药治疗无效的持续性 AR 患者的一线治疗方法。在成人和儿童中长期使用MP-AzeFlu的疗效和安全性的广泛数据已经证实，MP-AzeFlu可以有效治疗AR。 关键词：固定剂量复方制剂；鼻内用药；MP-AzeFlu；皮质类固醇；抗组胺药
{"title":"The Use of Azelastine Hydrochloride/Fluticasone Propionate in the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Asia: A Review","authors":"Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn, Virat Kirtsreesakul, Chaweewan Bunnag, Mukda Vangveeravong, Sanguansak Thanaviratananich, Supinda Chusakul","doi":"10.2147/jaa.s451733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jaa.s451733","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract:</strong> The incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Asia and the world is steadily rising. Patients experience incomplete symptom relief despite existing treatment options, which warrants the need for new therapeutic regimes. Azelastine hydrochloride/fluticasone propionate (MP-AzeFlu), a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate has been indicated in the treatment of AR. The current review discusses the effects of MP-AzeFlu versus conventional therapies in achieving superior clinical improvement with a very rapid onset of action (5 minutes). The superiority of MP-AzeFlu in offering complete symptom control with sustained relief in patients with AR compared to the existing therapeutic options is also discussed. MP-AzeFlu has been shown to improve the quality of life for patients with AR, thereby enhancing patient adherence to therapy and establishing its preference for the treatment of AR. Currently, the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines recommend the use of a combination of intranasal corticosteroids and intranasal antihistamines as first-line treatment in patients with persistent AR with visual analog scores ≥ 5 or when prior treatment with single agents has been ineffective. Widely published data on the efficacy and safety of its prolonged use in adults and children have validated that effective treatment of AR can be achieved with MP-AzeFlu.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> fixed-dose combination, intranasal, MP-AzeFlu, corticosteroids, antihistamines<br/>","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mario Castro, Merrill Zavod, Annika Rutgersson, Magnus Jörntén-Karlsson, Bhaskar Dutta, Lynn Hagger
Purpose: The iPREDICT program aimed to develop an integrated digital health solution capable of continuous data streaming, predicting changes in asthma control, and enabling early intervention. Patients and Methods: As part of the iPREDICT program, asthma triggers were characterized by surveying 221 patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with self-reported asthma for a risk–benefit analysis of parameters predictive of changes in disease control. Seventeen healthy volunteers (age 25– 65 years) tested 13 devices to measure these parameters and assessed their usability attributes. Results: Patients identified irritants such as chemicals, allergens, weather changes, and physical activity as triggers that were the most relevant to deteriorating asthma control. Device testing in healthy volunteers revealed variable data formats/units and quality issues, such as missing data and low signal-to-noise ratio. Based on user preference and data capture validity, a spirometer, vital sign monitor, and sleep monitor formed the iPREDICT integrated system for continuous data streaming to develop a personalized/predictive algorithm for asthma control. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the need to systematically compare devices based on several parameters, including usability and data quality, to develop integrated digital technology programs for asthma care.
{"title":"iPREDICT: Characterization of Asthma Triggers and Selection of Digital Technology to Predict Changes in Disease Control","authors":"Mario Castro, Merrill Zavod, Annika Rutgersson, Magnus Jörntén-Karlsson, Bhaskar Dutta, Lynn Hagger","doi":"10.2147/jaa.s458618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jaa.s458618","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> The iPREDICT program aimed to develop an integrated digital health solution capable of continuous data streaming, predicting changes in asthma control, and enabling early intervention.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> As part of the iPREDICT program, asthma triggers were characterized by surveying 221 patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with self-reported asthma for a risk–benefit analysis of parameters predictive of changes in disease control. Seventeen healthy volunteers (age 25– 65 years) tested 13 devices to measure these parameters and assessed their usability attributes.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Patients identified irritants such as chemicals, allergens, weather changes, and physical activity as triggers that were the most relevant to deteriorating asthma control. Device testing in healthy volunteers revealed variable data formats/units and quality issues, such as missing data and low signal-to-noise ratio. Based on user preference and data capture validity, a spirometer, vital sign monitor, and sleep monitor formed the iPREDICT integrated system for continuous data streaming to develop a personalized/predictive algorithm for asthma control.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These findings emphasize the need to systematically compare devices based on several parameters, including usability and data quality, to develop integrated digital technology programs for asthma care.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> asthma, devices, digital, predictive algorithm, sensors<br/>","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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