Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00026.1
S. El-Bahr, M. Waheed, I. Ghoneim, I. Albokhadaim, A. Meligy, M. E. El Sebaei
This study was aimed to investigate protein profiles and glycosidase activities of bulbourethral and prostate glands secretion in dromedary camels. Sixteen healthy male camels (5-13 years old) were slaughtered and both glands were collected. The obtained secretions of both glands were used for determination of protein profile by 7-20% gel electrophoresis. Activities of β -N-acetylglucosaminidase, α -N-acetylgalactosaminidase and α -L-fucosidase were also determined. The current findings showed 11 (175.7, 129.3, 126.8, 94.9, 77.8, 74.4, 71.1, 53.3, 21.8, 15.9 and 9 kDa) and 15 (124.6, 89.7, 81.1, 75.5, 72.1, 60, 54.4, 48.9, 43.3, 40, 32.5, 24, 17.8, 13.3 and 9 kDa) protein bands in secretion of bulbourethral and prostate gland, respectively. Three (77.8, 53.3 and 9 kDa) and 6 bands (81.1, 75.5, 48.9, 17.8, 13.3 and 9 kDa) showed higher staining intensities in bulbourethral and prostate secretion, respectively. Both secretions shared a band of 9 kDa with higher intensity in bulbourethral secretion. Activities of glycosidase in bulbourethral and prostate secretions were verified and were higher in bulbourethral than in prostate secretion. α -L-fucosidase showed higher activity in glands secretions compared to other enzymes. Conclusively, bulbourethral and prostate secretions may be involved in coagulation processes of dromedary semen due to their contents of secretory proteins and glycosidases.
本研究旨在研究单峰骆驼球尿道和前列腺分泌的蛋白谱和糖苷酶活性。宰杀16只健康公骆驼(5-13岁)，采集两种腺体。获得的两腺体分泌物用7-20%凝胶电泳测定蛋白质谱。测定了β - n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖酶、α - n -乙酰半乳糖氨基酶和α - l -聚焦酶的活性。目前的研究结果显示，球尿道和前列腺分泌的蛋白条带分别为11条(175.7、129.3、126.8、94.9、77.8、74.4、71.1、53.3、21.8、15.9和9 kDa)和15条(124.6、89.7、81.1、75.5、72.1、60、54.4、48.9、43.3、40、32.5、24、17.8、13.3和9 kDa)。3条条带(77.8、53.3和9 kDa)和6条条带(81.1、75.5、48.9、17.8、13.3和9 kDa)分别在球尿道和前列腺分泌物中显示较高的染色强度。两种分泌物共享9 kDa的条带，且球尿道分泌强度较高。糖苷酶在球尿道和前列腺分泌物中的活性得到证实，球尿道中的糖苷酶活性高于前列腺分泌物。α - l -聚焦酶在腺体分泌物中的活性高于其他酶。结论:单峰骆驼的尿道和前列腺分泌物可能由于其分泌蛋白和糖苷酶的含量而参与了精液的凝固过程。
{"title":"Protein Profile and Glycosidase Activities of Prostate and Bulbourethral Glands Secretion in Camels (Camelus dromedarius)","authors":"S. El-Bahr, M. Waheed, I. Ghoneim, I. Albokhadaim, A. Meligy, M. E. El Sebaei","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00026.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00026.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate protein profiles and glycosidase activities of bulbourethral and prostate glands secretion in dromedary camels. Sixteen healthy male camels (5-13 years old) were slaughtered and both glands were collected. The obtained secretions of both glands were used for determination of protein profile by 7-20% gel electrophoresis. Activities of β -N-acetylglucosaminidase, α -N-acetylgalactosaminidase and α -L-fucosidase were also determined. The current findings showed 11 (175.7, 129.3, 126.8, 94.9, 77.8, 74.4, 71.1, 53.3, 21.8, 15.9 and 9 kDa) and 15 (124.6, 89.7, 81.1, 75.5, 72.1, 60, 54.4, 48.9, 43.3, 40, 32.5, 24, 17.8, 13.3 and 9 kDa) protein bands in secretion of bulbourethral and prostate gland, respectively. Three (77.8, 53.3 and 9 kDa) and 6 bands (81.1, 75.5, 48.9, 17.8, 13.3 and 9 kDa) showed higher staining intensities in bulbourethral and prostate secretion, respectively. Both secretions shared a band of 9 kDa with higher intensity in bulbourethral secretion. Activities of glycosidase in bulbourethral and prostate secretions were verified and were higher in bulbourethral than in prostate secretion. α -L-fucosidase showed higher activity in glands secretions compared to other enzymes. Conclusively, bulbourethral and prostate secretions may be involved in coagulation processes of dromedary semen due to their contents of secretory proteins and glycosidases.","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00039.x
U. Wernery, S. Joseph, M. Rodríguez, N. Paily, S. Thomas, R. Raghavan
{"title":"Duration of MERS – Coronavirus Antibodies in a Small Closed Dromedary Camel Herd in Dubai","authors":"U. Wernery, S. Joseph, M. Rodríguez, N. Paily, S. Thomas, R. Raghavan","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00039.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00039.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00048.0
Abdelrahman Mohamed Ali Elseory, R. Yasin, Z. H. Ibrahim, A. Ali, K. Alkhodair, T. Althnaian
{"title":"Light and Electron Microscopy of Buccal Salivary Glands of the Dromedary Camel","authors":"Abdelrahman Mohamed Ali Elseory, R. Yasin, Z. H. Ibrahim, A. Ali, K. Alkhodair, T. Althnaian","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00048.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00048.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00033.9
D. Rashad, M. Kandiel, A. El-Khawagah, K. Mahmoud, Y. F. Ahmed, M. E. A. El-Roos, G. Sosa
This study was aimed to declare the role of epididymal passage on semen features, DNA integrity and ultra-structures changes in dromedary camel. The testes with attached epididymis of mature dromedary camels (n=50) were collected during the rutting season from December to April. The harvested spermatozoa from the three-main anatomical epididymal segments (Head, body and tail) were assessed for semen characters, DNA integrity as well as, ultra-structural changes. A significant difference in semen features (individual motility, sperm count, membrane and acrosome intactness, viability, normality, maturity, abnormalities and acrosome length and perimeter) among different epididymal segments. Spermatozoa from epididymal tail showed a significantly (p<0.05) lower DNA fragmentation than those collected from head segment while agarose gel electrophoresis revealed non-significant difference in DNA intensity between spermatozoa from the three epididymal regions. Ultra-structures of the epididymal spermatozoa showed changes in acrosome shape, sub-acrosomal space, chromatin condensation and protoplasmic droplet during epididymal passage. The protoplasmic droplets varied in size, density and position with the epididymal segments. In conclusion, epididymal passage (from the head to the tail) is an essential pre-request for dromedary camels’ spermatozoa to attain high fertilising capacity through its great influence on spermatozoa characteristics and the fine cytological structures.
{"title":"Epididymal Based Changes in Spermatozoa of Dromedary Camels","authors":"D. Rashad, M. Kandiel, A. El-Khawagah, K. Mahmoud, Y. F. Ahmed, M. E. A. El-Roos, G. Sosa","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00033.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00033.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to declare the role of epididymal passage on semen features, DNA integrity and ultra-structures changes in dromedary camel. The testes with attached epididymis of mature dromedary camels (n=50) were collected during the rutting season from December to April. The harvested spermatozoa from the three-main anatomical epididymal segments (Head, body and tail) were assessed for semen characters, DNA integrity as well as, ultra-structural changes. A significant difference in semen features (individual motility, sperm count, membrane and acrosome intactness, viability, normality, maturity, abnormalities and acrosome length and perimeter) among different epididymal segments. Spermatozoa from epididymal tail showed a significantly (p<0.05) lower DNA fragmentation than those collected from head segment while agarose gel electrophoresis revealed non-significant difference in DNA intensity between spermatozoa from the three epididymal regions. Ultra-structures of the epididymal spermatozoa showed changes in acrosome shape, sub-acrosomal space, chromatin condensation and protoplasmic droplet during epididymal passage. The protoplasmic droplets varied in size, density and position with the epididymal segments. In conclusion, epididymal passage (from the head to the tail) is an essential pre-request for dromedary camels’ spermatozoa to attain high fertilising capacity through its great influence on spermatozoa characteristics and the fine cytological structures.","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00014.5
S. El-Bahr, M. Kandeel, I. Albokhadaim, M. Al-Nazawi, H. Ahmed
The goal of this researcher was to map the camel MERS-CoV structural and non-structural proteins and track changes in antigenicity and pathogenicity from 2013 to 2018. This is critical for developing effective diagnostic and control methods. Therefore, the sequences of MERS-CoV structural proteins such as Spike (S), Membrane (M), Nucleocapsid (N) and Envelope (E) and nonstructural proteins, comprising polyprotein-ab (polyab) and Open reading frame-3 (ORF3) were retrieved. The amino acid sequences of each of these proteins were analysed to estimate their antigenic and pathogenic properties from 2013 to 2018. The antigenicity profiles showed variations in antigenicity minimum, maximum, range, and average from 2013 to 2018. MERS-CoV proteins’ maximum antigenicity score was declining in the examined time frame. In 2013, the maximum score was 0.86, and by 2018, it had dropped to 0.6. This resulted in a greater range of antigenicity with the onset of MERS-CoV in 2013, with a range of 0.56, which eventually decreased to 0.22 in 2018. The net effect on the mean value of antigenicity score revealed that MERS-CoV antigenicity decreased gradually. Between 2013 and 2018, the mean antigenicity score of structural and nonstructural proteins decreased. Non-structural proteins, on the other hand, had the greatest alterations, with a mean value of 0.52 in 2013 and 0.42 in 2018, representing a loss of 19.2 per cent of their antigenicity score. In contrast, the structural protein showed a mean value of 0.55 in 2013 and 0.53 in 2018, i.e. lost only 3.6% of its antigenicity score. Given that ORF3 was nonantigenic, therefore, all changes in antigenicity changes were attributed to polyab protein. Pathogenicity score has decreased from 0.81 in 2013 to 0.78 in 2018. Further studies are required to map these changes on the virus-host cell interaction level.
{"title":"MERS-CoV in Dromedary Camels: Sequence-Based Comparison of Antigenicity and Pathogenicity of Structural and Non-Structural Proteins","authors":"S. El-Bahr, M. Kandeel, I. Albokhadaim, M. Al-Nazawi, H. Ahmed","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00014.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00014.5","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this researcher was to map the camel MERS-CoV structural and non-structural proteins and track changes in antigenicity and pathogenicity from 2013 to 2018. This is critical for developing effective diagnostic and control methods. Therefore, the sequences of MERS-CoV structural proteins such as Spike (S), Membrane (M), Nucleocapsid (N) and Envelope (E) and nonstructural proteins, comprising polyprotein-ab (polyab) and Open reading frame-3 (ORF3) were retrieved. The amino acid sequences of each of these proteins were analysed to estimate their antigenic and pathogenic properties from 2013 to 2018. The antigenicity profiles showed variations in antigenicity minimum, maximum, range, and average from 2013 to 2018. MERS-CoV proteins’ maximum antigenicity score was declining in the examined time frame. In 2013, the maximum score was 0.86, and by 2018, it had dropped to 0.6. This resulted in a greater range of antigenicity with the onset of MERS-CoV in 2013, with a range of 0.56, which eventually decreased to 0.22 in 2018. The net effect on the mean value of antigenicity score revealed that MERS-CoV antigenicity decreased gradually. Between 2013 and 2018, the mean antigenicity score of structural and nonstructural proteins decreased. Non-structural proteins, on the other hand, had the greatest alterations, with a mean value of 0.52 in 2013 and 0.42 in 2018, representing a loss of 19.2 per cent of their antigenicity score. In contrast, the structural protein showed a mean value of 0.55 in 2013 and 0.53 in 2018, i.e. lost only 3.6% of its antigenicity score. Given that ORF3 was nonantigenic, therefore, all changes in antigenicity changes were attributed to polyab protein. Pathogenicity score has decreased from 0.81 in 2013 to 0.78 in 2018. Further studies are required to map these changes on the virus-host cell interaction level.","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00021.2
J. Hussen, Mohammed Ali Al-Sukruwah, Khulud Bukhari
Subclinical mammary gland infections are within the most important infectious diseases in dromedary camels with high impact on milk production and animal health. Using flow cytometry, the present study analysed the capacity of milk phagocytes to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro . Based on the California mastitis test, clinically healthy camels were divided into animals with subclinical mastitis (n = 5) and camels with healthy mammary gland (n = 5). The ex vivo ROS production and the NETs formation activity of milk phagocytes were compared between healthy and affected animals. A basic fraction of phagocytes (10.0 ± 1.7% of total cells) with positive staining with the NETs-sensitive dye SYTOX™ Green was detected in milk samples from healthy camels. The NETs-positive fraction was significantly lower in milk from camels with subclinical mastitis (4.8 ± 1.5 % of total cells) compared to milk samples from healthy camels. Stimulation of milk cells with the gram-negative bacteria E. coli resulted in enhanced ROS production in milk phagocytes from both healthy and affected camels. The two groups, however, did not differ in the ROS level in their unstimulated or stimulated phagocytes. In conclusion, the present study identified basic levels of NETs formation by milk phagocytes separated from healthy camels. The reduced NETs formation by cells from infected camels may play a role in the pathogenesis of subclinical mammary gland infections in camels.
{"title":"Neutrophils Extracellular Traps Formation and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production by Milk Immune Cells from Camels with Subclinical Mastitis","authors":"J. Hussen, Mohammed Ali Al-Sukruwah, Khulud Bukhari","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00021.2","url":null,"abstract":"Subclinical mammary gland infections are within the most important infectious diseases in dromedary camels with high impact on milk production and animal health. Using flow cytometry, the present study analysed the capacity of milk phagocytes to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro . Based on the California mastitis test, clinically healthy camels were divided into animals with subclinical mastitis (n = 5) and camels with healthy mammary gland (n = 5). The ex vivo ROS production and the NETs formation activity of milk phagocytes were compared between healthy and affected animals. A basic fraction of phagocytes (10.0 ± 1.7% of total cells) with positive staining with the NETs-sensitive dye SYTOX™ Green was detected in milk samples from healthy camels. The NETs-positive fraction was significantly lower in milk from camels with subclinical mastitis (4.8 ± 1.5 % of total cells) compared to milk samples from healthy camels. Stimulation of milk cells with the gram-negative bacteria E. coli resulted in enhanced ROS production in milk phagocytes from both healthy and affected camels. The two groups, however, did not differ in the ROS level in their unstimulated or stimulated phagocytes. In conclusion, the present study identified basic levels of NETs formation by milk phagocytes separated from healthy camels. The reduced NETs formation by cells from infected camels may play a role in the pathogenesis of subclinical mammary gland infections in camels.","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00003.0
S. El-Bahr, M.M. El Hassan
{"title":"Production of an in-House Rabbit Anti-Camel Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Conjugated With Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) For Use in Immunoblots","authors":"S. El-Bahr, M.M. El Hassan","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00003.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00003.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00005.4
G. Singh, B. Meshram, Hemant Joshi, N. Parmar
{"title":"Gross and Morphometrical Studies on Different Cervical Vertebrae in Dromedary Camels","authors":"G. Singh, B. Meshram, Hemant Joshi, N. Parmar","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00005.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00005.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00043.1
W. El-Deeb, Mohammed A. Abdelghani
{"title":"Diagnostic and Predictive Significance of Acute Phase Response and Neopterin Levels in Lame Racing Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius)","authors":"W. El-Deeb, Mohammed A. Abdelghani","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00043.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00043.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00049.2
M. Waheed, I. Ghoneim, S. El-Bahr, A. Meligy, I. Albokhadaim, M. El-Sebaei
{"title":"The Influence of the Corpus Luteum Location on Hormonal and Vitamin C Composition of Follicular Fluid and Serum in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius)","authors":"M. Waheed, I. Ghoneim, S. El-Bahr, A. Meligy, I. Albokhadaim, M. El-Sebaei","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00049.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00049.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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