Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00006.6
N. Yousif, S. Althobaiti, H. Kesba, H. Elzilal, S. Sabra, S. Mahmoud, S. Sayed
{"title":"Improving Health Benefits, Nutritional Value and Quality Attributes of Low Fat Ice Milk Made from Camel ’s Milk And Defatted Chia Seeds Flour","authors":"N. Yousif, S. Althobaiti, H. Kesba, H. Elzilal, S. Sabra, S. Mahmoud, S. Sayed","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00006.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00006.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00007.8
Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak, Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati, J. Hussen, M. Kandeel, M. Hemida
{"title":"Modern Advances on the Diagnosis of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus In Camelids","authors":"Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak, Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati, J. Hussen, M. Kandeel, M. Hemida","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00007.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00007.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00008.x
Jamila S. Al Malki, Nahed Ahmed Hussien
{"title":"Microscopic, Serological and Molecular Screening of Theileria annulata in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Jamila S. Al Malki, Nahed Ahmed Hussien","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00008.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00008.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00017.0
S. D. Narnaware, Rakesh Ranjan, B. Jyotsana, A. Sahoo
In the present study, Escherichia coli were isolated from rectal swabs of total 48 (20.68%) diarrhoeic neonatal dromedary camels during the five years study period in an organised farm. The PCR for amplification of virulence genes revealed that 31 (64.58%) isolates harboured at least one virulence gene. The detection rates of stx1, stx2, eae, F41, K99 and sta virulence genes were 4.16%, 2.08%, 35.41%, 14.58%, 18.75% and 16.66%, respectively. Based on occurrence of these virulence genes the isolates were pathotyped into shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) (6.25%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (20.83%) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (29.16%). Atypical combinations of EPEC+ETEC (8.33%) were also detected. The E. coli isolates from all three neonatal camels having acute haemorrhagic enteritis and mortality were found to be of STEC type. In antibiotic sensitivity test, most prevalent resistance was observed against amoxicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycin and lincomycin whereas lowest resistance was observed against gentamicin and amikacin. Findings of this study indicate that neonatal camels are the probable reservoir of multidrug resistant and zoonotic STEC. Young age (below 7 days), housing system with loose sandy ground and winter season were identified as important risk factors for high incidence of neonatal camel calf diarrhoea in the present study.
{"title":"Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Diarrhoeic Neonatal Dromedary Camels","authors":"S. D. Narnaware, Rakesh Ranjan, B. Jyotsana, A. Sahoo","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00017.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00017.0","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, Escherichia coli were isolated from rectal swabs of total 48 (20.68%) diarrhoeic neonatal dromedary camels during the five years study period in an organised farm. The PCR for amplification of virulence genes revealed that 31 (64.58%) isolates harboured at least one virulence gene. The detection rates of stx1, stx2, eae, F41, K99 and sta virulence genes were 4.16%, 2.08%, 35.41%, 14.58%, 18.75% and 16.66%, respectively. Based on occurrence of these virulence genes the isolates were pathotyped into shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) (6.25%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (20.83%) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (29.16%). Atypical combinations of EPEC+ETEC (8.33%) were also detected. The E. coli isolates from all three neonatal camels having acute haemorrhagic enteritis and mortality were found to be of STEC type. In antibiotic sensitivity test, most prevalent resistance was observed against amoxicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycin and lincomycin whereas lowest resistance was observed against gentamicin and amikacin. Findings of this study indicate that neonatal camels are the probable reservoir of multidrug resistant and zoonotic STEC. Young age (below 7 days), housing system with loose sandy ground and winter season were identified as important risk factors for high incidence of neonatal camel calf diarrhoea in the present study.","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00013.3
Y. A. Hussein, A. Meligy, W. El-Ghareeb, S.S. Al-Shokair, S. Abdel-Raheem
{"title":"Selected Heavy Metals And Their Risk Assessment In Camels (Camelus dromedarius)","authors":"Y. A. Hussein, A. Meligy, W. El-Ghareeb, S.S. Al-Shokair, S. Abdel-Raheem","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00013.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00024.8
E. A. Eshrah, Ahmed I. Abo-Ahmed, F. Latifi
The aim of this study was to describe the topographic anatomy and the distribution pattern of ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve in 5 dromedary camels and 3 sheep. In both species, the origin and the primary branches of the ophthalmic nerve were similar, but they differed in the pattern of distribution. The primary branches included were zygomaticotemporal nerve, frontal nerve, fronal sinus branch and nasociliary nerve. The study would help deciding the sites of this nerve block in these species.
{"title":"Comparative Anatomy of The Ophthalmic Division Of the Trigeminal Nerve in Camel and Sheep With Special Reference to its Clinical Importance","authors":"E. A. Eshrah, Ahmed I. Abo-Ahmed, F. Latifi","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00024.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00024.8","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to describe the topographic anatomy and the distribution pattern of ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve in 5 dromedary camels and 3 sheep. In both species, the origin and the primary branches of the ophthalmic nerve were similar, but they differed in the pattern of distribution. The primary branches included were zygomaticotemporal nerve, frontal nerve, fronal sinus branch and nasociliary nerve. The study would help deciding the sites of this nerve block in these species.","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00015.7
K. Alkhodair, A. Ali
The aim of this study is to clarify the function of osteopontin (OPN) through its expression and localisation in male testis, epididymis and sperm cell of dromedary camel during rutting season. Testis and epididymis parts (caput, corpus and cauda) specimens were obtained from 8 mature male camels and semen was collected from 4 another fertile camels for sperms. OPN mRNA expression and its location was analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques, respectively. OPN mRNA expression was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the cauda of epididymis than other epididymal parts and testis. Immunolocalisation revealed high immunoreaction intensity in the elongated spermatids in seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells in interstitial tissue. However, a faint immunostaining was seen in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Along the epididymis tract, intense immunoreactivity of OPN was localised in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells with high concentration in the apical region nearby lumen and the acrosomal part of the cauda epididymal sperms. Immunofluorescence and immunochromogenic staining of OPN was detected on the acrosomal cap and neck of epididymal sperms. These findings suggested that OPN might play an important role in the sperm protection, migration and fertilisation in dromedary camels.
{"title":"Spatial Expression of Osteopontin in Testis, Epididymis and Spermatozoa in Dromedary Camel","authors":"K. Alkhodair, A. Ali","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00015.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00015.7","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to clarify the function of osteopontin (OPN) through its expression and localisation in male testis, epididymis and sperm cell of dromedary camel during rutting season. Testis and epididymis parts (caput, corpus and cauda) specimens were obtained from 8 mature male camels and semen was collected from 4 another fertile camels for sperms. OPN mRNA expression and its location was analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques, respectively. OPN mRNA expression was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the cauda of epididymis than other epididymal parts and testis. Immunolocalisation revealed high immunoreaction intensity in the elongated spermatids in seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells in interstitial tissue. However, a faint immunostaining was seen in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Along the epididymis tract, intense immunoreactivity of OPN was localised in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells with high concentration in the apical region nearby lumen and the acrosomal part of the cauda epididymal sperms. Immunofluorescence and immunochromogenic staining of OPN was detected on the acrosomal cap and neck of epididymal sperms. These findings suggested that OPN might play an important role in the sperm protection, migration and fertilisation in dromedary camels.","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00032.7
Jin Liu, B. Hou, J. Wuen, Nan Jiang, T. Gao, S. Hasi
The incidence and prevalence of Bactrian camel genital myiasis seriously endanger the health of camels and hinder the healthy development of Bactrian camel industry. In order to further understand the epidemic situation of the disease in main production areas of Bactrian camels in Inner Mongolia, China, from May to October 2021, 3 areas with severe incidences in Alxa Left Banner, Urad North Banner and Durbed Banner were selected for epidemiological investigation. Total of 2038 female camels in 21 camel herds were investigated. The results showed that the overall prevalence rate was 26.6%, the highest incidence group reached 82.6%, while the lowest group was only 1.4%. The prevalence rates of Bactrian camel genital myiasis in Alxa Left Banner, Urad North Banner and Durbed Banner was 28.0%, 23.8% and 23.7%, respectively. The pathogen of Bactrian camel genital myiasis is Wohlfahrtia magnifica , and the highest prevalence often occurs in July to August in each year. The prevalence rate in female camels under 5 year-old was lower than that of in adult camels, and it was highest in female camels between 5-15 years old and give birth 2-4 times and no deaths were found. The prevalence rate in free-range female camels was higher than that in half-house-raised camels, and the morbidity was lowest in fully-housed female camels. Camels grazing on pastures near the lakes and riverbanks had higher morbidity than that of in camels grazing on other pastures. Therefore, the morbidity of genital myiasis in Bactrian camels is significantly affected by age, number of deliveries, feeding method, different regions and pasture types.
{"title":"Epidemiological Investigation on Genital Myiasis of Bactrian Camels in Parts of Inner Mongolia, China","authors":"Jin Liu, B. Hou, J. Wuen, Nan Jiang, T. Gao, S. Hasi","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00032.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00032.7","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence and prevalence of Bactrian camel genital myiasis seriously endanger the health of camels and hinder the healthy development of Bactrian camel industry. In order to further understand the epidemic situation of the disease in main production areas of Bactrian camels in Inner Mongolia, China, from May to October 2021, 3 areas with severe incidences in Alxa Left Banner, Urad North Banner and Durbed Banner were selected for epidemiological investigation. Total of 2038 female camels in 21 camel herds were investigated. The results showed that the overall prevalence rate was 26.6%, the highest incidence group reached 82.6%, while the lowest group was only 1.4%. The prevalence rates of Bactrian camel genital myiasis in Alxa Left Banner, Urad North Banner and Durbed Banner was 28.0%, 23.8% and 23.7%, respectively. The pathogen of Bactrian camel genital myiasis is Wohlfahrtia magnifica , and the highest prevalence often occurs in July to August in each year. The prevalence rate in female camels under 5 year-old was lower than that of in adult camels, and it was highest in female camels between 5-15 years old and give birth 2-4 times and no deaths were found. The prevalence rate in free-range female camels was higher than that in half-house-raised camels, and the morbidity was lowest in fully-housed female camels. Camels grazing on pastures near the lakes and riverbanks had higher morbidity than that of in camels grazing on other pastures. Therefore, the morbidity of genital myiasis in Bactrian camels is significantly affected by age, number of deliveries, feeding method, different regions and pasture types.","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00010.8
C. Subith, S. Jhirwal, S. Palecha, P. Bishnoi, T. Gahlot
{"title":"Computed Tomographic Imaging of Eye of The Dromedary Camel","authors":"C. Subith, S. Jhirwal, S. Palecha, P. Bishnoi, T. Gahlot","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00010.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00010.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00016.9
S. El-Bahr, M. Kandeel, I. Albokhadaim, M. Al-Nazawi, H. Ahmed
In this study, we provide a comprehensive reverse diagnostic workflow, in which, the in-silico amino acid composition was employed retrogradely to shortlist the viral spike antigenic epitopes to infer diagnostics efficiency. This study was aimed to explore the analytical estimates of changes in epitope composition among MERS-CoV lineages. This can be used as a predictor of the effectiveness of rapid diagnostic testing. Therefore, MERS-CoV lineage-specific spike protein sequences were extracted, aligned and compared. In addition, the degree of sequence similarity, as well as pairwise comparison, phylogenetic relations and antigenic epitopes analysis, have been conducted. The current findings indicated that no differences were observed in length and range of epitopes for each virus among all studied lineages. Most of epitopes sequences were conserved. However, few sequences showed few single amino acid mutations. About 20% of epitopes were located at the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and 80% of these were located in the other Spike`s domains. These mutations were related to lineage 2 and 3 and not for lineage 1, 4 and 5. The number of difference among viruses accession no (ALA49781, ALA49594, ALA49440, ALA50001, ALA49935, ALA49847, ALA49825, ALA49561, ALA49374, ALA49803, ALA49660, ALA49352, ALA49671, ALA49341, AHX00711, AHY22565, AJG44124, AJG44091, ALA49429, ALA49418, ALA49902, AHY22525, AHX71946, AHE78108.1, AHI48672.1, AHI48550) was maximum of 8. No gaps were observed in the epitopes alignment. The identity of spike protein among the lineages ranged from 99.5 -100%. The study concluded that any of studied epitopes are suitable for production of rapid tests of MERS CoV in dromedary camels, particularly that produced from lineages 1, 4 and 5.
{"title":"Reverse Diagnostic Workflow to Shortlist Mers-Cov Spike Antigenic Epitopes in Dromedary Camels","authors":"S. El-Bahr, M. Kandeel, I. Albokhadaim, M. Al-Nazawi, H. Ahmed","doi":"10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00016.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-8934.2022.00016.9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we provide a comprehensive reverse diagnostic workflow, in which, the in-silico amino acid composition was employed retrogradely to shortlist the viral spike antigenic epitopes to infer diagnostics efficiency. This study was aimed to explore the analytical estimates of changes in epitope composition among MERS-CoV lineages. This can be used as a predictor of the effectiveness of rapid diagnostic testing. Therefore, MERS-CoV lineage-specific spike protein sequences were extracted, aligned and compared. In addition, the degree of sequence similarity, as well as pairwise comparison, phylogenetic relations and antigenic epitopes analysis, have been conducted. The current findings indicated that no differences were observed in length and range of epitopes for each virus among all studied lineages. Most of epitopes sequences were conserved. However, few sequences showed few single amino acid mutations. About 20% of epitopes were located at the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and 80% of these were located in the other Spike`s domains. These mutations were related to lineage 2 and 3 and not for lineage 1, 4 and 5. The number of difference among viruses accession no (ALA49781, ALA49594, ALA49440, ALA50001, ALA49935, ALA49847, ALA49825, ALA49561, ALA49374, ALA49803, ALA49660, ALA49352, ALA49671, ALA49341, AHX00711, AHY22565, AJG44124, AJG44091, ALA49429, ALA49418, ALA49902, AHY22525, AHX71946, AHE78108.1, AHI48672.1, AHI48550) was maximum of 8. No gaps were observed in the epitopes alignment. The identity of spike protein among the lineages ranged from 99.5 -100%. The study concluded that any of studied epitopes are suitable for production of rapid tests of MERS CoV in dromedary camels, particularly that produced from lineages 1, 4 and 5.","PeriodicalId":15097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Camel Practice and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71073447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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