Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.29252/JSTNAR.22.4.385
نسیم ذوق, مهران شیروانی
Alginate biopolymer, due to possessing a high capacity and affinity for heavy metals, is a suitable material for the removal of metals from polluted waters; however, the weak structural consistency of alginate hydogels limits the practical application of this natural polymer in water purification practices. In this study, sepiolite clay mineral was used as a solidifier of alginate hydrogel to produce hybrid materials with different clay:alginate ratios (1:2, 1:4 and 1:8). Subsequently, the sorption of Pb by the prepared hybrid materials was studied in different Pb concentrations (25 to 2000 mg/L) and temperatures (15, 25, 35 and 45 °C). The results showed that the Langmuir and freundlich equations could significantly describe Pb sorption data on the sorbents. Based on the Langmuir model estimation, alginate showed and sepiolite showed the highest and lowest capacities for Pb sorption, respectively; also, the hybrids were intermediates in this respect. The capacity and affinity of all sorbents were enhanced with increasing the temperature from 15 to 45 °C. Standard enthalpy changes (ΔH°) were found to be positive, confirming that the process of Pb sorption on the sorbents was endothermic. Positive values were also obtained for the standard entropy changes (ΔS°), suggesting increased randomness at the solid-solution interface during the sorption of Pb ions on the sorbents. The values of the standard free energy change (ΔG°) were negative for all different temperatures, thereby indicating that sorption on the sorbents was spontaneous and favorable. Overall, it could be concluded that modification of alginate with sepiolite might cause the decreased sorption capacity of alginate; however, the hybrid materials are good candidates for the Pb removal from aqueous solutions because of their high sorption capacities.
{"title":"Isothermal and thermodynamic Studies of Lead Sorption on Alginate Hydrogel Strengthened by Sepiolite Clay","authors":"نسیم ذوق, مهران شیروانی","doi":"10.29252/JSTNAR.22.4.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JSTNAR.22.4.385","url":null,"abstract":"Alginate biopolymer, due to possessing a high capacity and affinity for heavy metals, is a suitable material for the removal of metals from polluted waters; however, the weak structural consistency of alginate hydogels limits the practical application of this natural polymer in water purification practices. In this study, sepiolite clay mineral was used as a solidifier of alginate hydrogel to produce hybrid materials with different clay:alginate ratios (1:2, 1:4 and 1:8). Subsequently, the sorption of Pb by the prepared hybrid materials was studied in different Pb concentrations (25 to 2000 mg/L) and temperatures (15, 25, 35 and 45 °C). The results showed that the Langmuir and freundlich equations could significantly describe Pb sorption data on the sorbents. Based on the Langmuir model estimation, alginate showed and sepiolite showed the highest and lowest capacities for Pb sorption, respectively; also, the hybrids were intermediates in this respect. The capacity and affinity of all sorbents were enhanced with increasing the temperature from 15 to 45 °C. Standard enthalpy changes (ΔH°) were found to be positive, confirming that the process of Pb sorption on the sorbents was endothermic. Positive values were also obtained for the standard entropy changes (ΔS°), suggesting increased randomness at the solid-solution interface during the sorption of Pb ions on the sorbents. The values of the standard free energy change (ΔG°) were negative for all different temperatures, thereby indicating that sorption on the sorbents was spontaneous and favorable. Overall, it could be concluded that modification of alginate with sepiolite might cause the decreased sorption capacity of alginate; however, the hybrid materials are good candidates for the Pb removal from aqueous solutions because of their high sorption capacities.","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124620073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of climate change can be released from the surface to the soil depth, thereby affecting soil thermal regime. Thermal energy in the soil plays a very important role in causing climate changes. In this study, for the assessment and detection of the climate changes, soil depths temperature, the measured data related to the daily air temperature at a height of 2 meters (screen) during the years (1951-2014), and the soil depths daily temperature (5-10-20-30-50 to 100 cm), for 3, 9 and 15 hours, were obtained during a period (1992-2014) in Shahrud station. The climate change detection was employed to compare the treatment mean. As well, for detection of trends related to the annual, seasonal and monthly time series and their relation to the soil depths temperature, parametric methods (regression analysis and Pearson) and nonparametric (Mann-Kendall, Spearman) were applied. The results showed that the soil temperature was increased in all months except January, February and March. Also, in the seasonal time series, the soil depths temperature was increased in all seasons except winter. In fact, based on the results, the soil temperature in spring, summer and autumn was increased. Detection trends of the annual soil depths temperature showed that, except for the Pearson correlation coefficient method, soil temperature was increased at all soil depths.
{"title":"Investigation of the Soil Depths Temperature Trend Using Parametric and Non-Parametric Methods (Shahrud Station)","authors":"S. Shiukhy Soqanloo, S. Golshan, M. Khoshravesh","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.4.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.4.29","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of climate change can be released from the surface to the soil depth, thereby affecting soil thermal regime. Thermal energy in the soil plays a very important role in causing climate changes. In this study, for the assessment and detection of the climate changes, soil depths temperature, the measured data related to the daily air temperature at a height of 2 meters (screen) during the years (1951-2014), and the soil depths daily temperature (5-10-20-30-50 to 100 cm), for 3, 9 and 15 hours, were obtained during a period (1992-2014) in Shahrud station. The climate change detection was employed to compare the treatment mean. As well, for detection of trends related to the annual, seasonal and monthly time series and their relation to the soil depths temperature, parametric methods (regression analysis and Pearson) and nonparametric (Mann-Kendall, Spearman) were applied. The results showed that the soil temperature was increased in all months except January, February and March. Also, in the seasonal time series, the soil depths temperature was increased in all seasons except winter. In fact, based on the results, the soil temperature in spring, summer and autumn was increased. Detection trends of the annual soil depths temperature showed that, except for the Pearson correlation coefficient method, soil temperature was increased at all soil depths.","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123885468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.4.249
B. Rezaeiniko, N. Enayatizamir, M. Norouzi Masir
{"title":"The Effect of Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria on Zinc Uptake and Some Properties of Wheat in the Greenhouse","authors":"B. Rezaeiniko, N. Enayatizamir, M. Norouzi Masir","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.4.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.4.249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131854013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consideration Intergenerational Sustainability in Use of Agriculture`s Water Resources","authors":"M. Aghapour Sabbaghi","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122128845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.4.371
S. Chavoshi
{"title":"A Hybrid Fuzzy- PSO Algorithm for Catchment Regionalization in Relation to Flood Occurrence","authors":"S. Chavoshi","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.4.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.4.371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"2018 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132963562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.4.357
S. M. Seyedan, R. Bahramloo
{"title":"The Effect of Excessive Water Extraction from Groundwater Resources on the Welfare of Farmers in the Malayer Plain","authors":"S. M. Seyedan, R. Bahramloo","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.4.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.4.357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"812 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116140385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Abbasi, Hamid Reza Azimzadeh, A. Talebi, A. Sotoudeh
{"title":"Evaluating Quality of Ajabshir Groundwater Resources Based on Groundwater Quality Indicator (GQI) and Geographical Information System","authors":"Z. Abbasi, Hamid Reza Azimzadeh, A. Talebi, A. Sotoudeh","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.4.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.4.99","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"28 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120900403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.4.129
M. Mirzaei, S. Ruy
{"title":"Preferential Flow Modeling Using Kinematic-Dispersive Wave Model and the Role of Macrospores","authors":"M. Mirzaei, S. Ruy","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.4.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.4.129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125497554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Amirjani, A. Kamanbedast, M. Heydarnejad, A. Bordbar, A. Masjedi
{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of the Kind of Sediments and the Change in the Bottom Outlet Form Using a Semi-Cylinder Structure on the Score Cone by a Physical Model","authors":"R. Amirjani, A. Kamanbedast, M. Heydarnejad, A. Bordbar, A. Masjedi","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.4.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.4.85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125497755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.4.155
F. Salmasi, H. Hakimi Khansar, B. Norani
{"title":"Investigation of the Structure of the Dam Body during Construction and its Comparison with the Analytical Results Using PLAXIS Software (the Case Study of Kaboodvall Dam)","authors":"F. Salmasi, H. Hakimi Khansar, B. Norani","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.4.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.4.155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126868203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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