Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.2.317
H. Dabbaghi, M. Khoshravesh, M. A. Gholami Sefidkouhi
Emitter clogging for using agricultural wastewater increases the operating costs and reduces the motivation of farmers. The new method to reduce the emitters clogging is the use of a Merus ring that does not have the problems of chlorination and pickling methods, such as pollution and high cost. Due to the importance of agricultural wastewater use, this study investigated the emitters clogging and the effect of Merus ring on the emitter's efficiency in a trickle irrigation system. The treatments including irrigation water (well water and wastewater) and modified water (irrigation with Merus ring and irrigation without Merus ring), as the main factor and the emitters type treatment including Irritec (D 1 ), Corona (D 2 ), Axios (D 3 ), Netafim (D 4 ), Polirood (D 5 ), and Paya (D 6 ) as the sub treatments were performed in three replications. The results showed that the agricultural wastewater caused the emitters clogging in irrigation water and modified water treatments, but over time, the Merus ring had a positive effect on the evaluation parameters of the emitters. For agricultural wastewater, in the first and last irrigation periods, the average discharge of emitters with the Merus ring was 0.05 and 0.33 Liter per hours, respectively, more than the treatment without the Merus ring. The uniformity coefficient of emitters in the first and last irrigation periods, in well water with the Merus ring, was 0.31%and 6.67%, respectively, more than that in the well water without the Merus ring. Also, the uniformity coefficient of emitters in the first and last irrigation periods in agricultural wastewater with the Merus ring was 0.85% and 12.10%, respectively, more than that in agricultural wastewater without the Merus ring. At the end of irrigation period, the results showed that Netafim and Axios had the best and weakest efficiency, respectively. In general, the emitters used in the treatment of well water with the Merus ring had the highest discharge and the emitters used in the treatment of wastewater without the Merus ring had the lowest discharge.
由于使用农业废水而造成的排放堵塞增加了运营成本，降低了农民的积极性。减少排放物堵塞的新方法是使用Merus环，它不存在氯化和酸洗方法的污染和高成本等问题。鉴于农业废水利用的重要性，本研究探讨了滴灌系统中灌水器的堵塞以及梅氏环对灌水器效率的影响。以灌溉水(井水和废水)和改良水(梅勒斯环灌溉和不梅勒斯环灌溉)为主要处理因素，以灌溉水(d1)、Corona (d2)、Axios (d3)、Netafim (d1)、Polirood (d1)和Paya (d1)为次处理，分3个重复进行。结果表明:农业废水在灌溉水和改良水处理中造成排放口堵塞，但随着时间的推移，Merus环对排放口的评价参数有正向影响;对于农业废水，在第一次灌溉和最后一次灌溉期间，有麦勒斯环的排放者的平均排放量分别比没有麦勒斯环的处理高0.05和0.33 l / h。有Merus环的井水第一灌溉期和末灌溉期发射体均匀系数分别比无Merus环的井水高0.31%和6.67%。有Merus环的农业废水第一灌溉期和末灌溉期排放物均匀性系数分别比无Merus环的农业废水高0.85%和12.10%。在灌溉期结束时，结果显示Netafim和Axios分别具有最佳和最弱的效率。总体而言，加了Merus环处理井水的排放器排放量最高，不加Merus环处理废水的排放器排放量最低。
{"title":"The Effect of Merus Ring on Emitters Efficiency in a Trickle Irrigation System Using Agricultural Wastewater","authors":"H. Dabbaghi, M. Khoshravesh, M. A. Gholami Sefidkouhi","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.2.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.2.317","url":null,"abstract":"Emitter clogging for using agricultural wastewater increases the operating costs and reduces the motivation of farmers. The new method to reduce the emitters clogging is the use of a Merus ring that does not have the problems of chlorination and pickling methods, such as pollution and high cost. Due to the importance of agricultural wastewater use, this study investigated the emitters clogging and the effect of Merus ring on the emitter's efficiency in a trickle irrigation system. The treatments including irrigation water (well water and wastewater) and modified water (irrigation with Merus ring and irrigation without Merus ring), as the main factor and the emitters type treatment including Irritec (D 1 ), Corona (D 2 ), Axios (D 3 ), Netafim (D 4 ), Polirood (D 5 ), and Paya (D 6 ) as the sub treatments were performed in three replications. The results showed that the agricultural wastewater caused the emitters clogging in irrigation water and modified water treatments, but over time, the Merus ring had a positive effect on the evaluation parameters of the emitters. For agricultural wastewater, in the first and last irrigation periods, the average discharge of emitters with the Merus ring was 0.05 and 0.33 Liter per hours, respectively, more than the treatment without the Merus ring. The uniformity coefficient of emitters in the first and last irrigation periods, in well water with the Merus ring, was 0.31%and 6.67%, respectively, more than that in the well water without the Merus ring. Also, the uniformity coefficient of emitters in the first and last irrigation periods in agricultural wastewater with the Merus ring was 0.85% and 12.10%, respectively, more than that in agricultural wastewater without the Merus ring. At the end of irrigation period, the results showed that Netafim and Axios had the best and weakest efficiency, respectively. In general, the emitters used in the treatment of well water with the Merus ring had the highest discharge and the emitters used in the treatment of wastewater without the Merus ring had the lowest discharge.","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128901814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni Concentration in Arak Mighan Wetland Based on Sediment Pollution Indices","authors":"F. Saberinasab, S. Mortazavi","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130342439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Some Peripheral Conditions on the Solubility of Gypiferous Soils","authors":"N. Abbasi, A. Afsharian","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121309862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.1.387
Y. Abdoli, S. Jafari
This study was done to evaluate the effect of topography, water table, and irrigation on gypsc soil development and clay mineral diversity in Ram-Hormuz Plain, Khuzestan Province. To localize, 10 profiles in this region that covered all purpose irrigation and topography situation were described. The results showed that the soils could be classified in Entisols, Inceptisols and Aridisols orders. All soil epipedons were ochric and subsurface horizons were cambic, gypsic, and salic. The salic horizons were formed under a low water table. The XRD results showed that smectite, kaolinite, illite, chlorite, palygorskite, vermiculite and sepiolite were the dominant minerals, respectively. Kaolinite and illite were inherited from the parent material, but chlorite was the result of both inheritance and transformation of other clay minerals except uncultivated or non-irrigated soils. Sepiolite was decreased in gypsic horizons, but palygorskite was increased in these horizons. Sepiolite was raised with increasing the depth under the good drainage class; this could be related to neoformation, but it was decreased with depth under the weak drainage class. These results could be due to the instability of this mineral in high moisture and its low Mg activity. There was also a negative correlation correlation between Palygorskite and smectite; this was such that most palygorskite was observed in the surface horizons, but smectite was in the subsurface. Smectite was the dominant clay mineral in the studied soils; it was formed from the weathering of other minerals as well as from neoformed ones in the lowlands. Vermiculite was formed in these soils due to k depletion by leaching or plant absorption. This happened in the illite to smectite transformation process. Therefore, topography and irrigation could be regarded as the main factors putting these soils in high category; also, clay mineral assemblage was different under this situation in these soils.
{"title":"The Effect of Topography and Irrigation on Soil Development and Clay Mineral Diversity of Khuzestan's Gypsic Soils","authors":"Y. Abdoli, S. Jafari","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.1.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.1.387","url":null,"abstract":"This study was done to evaluate the effect of topography, water table, and irrigation on gypsc soil development and clay mineral diversity in Ram-Hormuz Plain, Khuzestan Province. To localize, 10 profiles in this region that covered all purpose irrigation and topography situation were described. The results showed that the soils could be classified in Entisols, Inceptisols and Aridisols orders. All soil epipedons were ochric and subsurface horizons were cambic, gypsic, and salic. The salic horizons were formed under a low water table. The XRD results showed that smectite, kaolinite, illite, chlorite, palygorskite, vermiculite and sepiolite were the dominant minerals, respectively. Kaolinite and illite were inherited from the parent material, but chlorite was the result of both inheritance and transformation of other clay minerals except uncultivated or non-irrigated soils. Sepiolite was decreased in gypsic horizons, but palygorskite was increased in these horizons. Sepiolite was raised with increasing the depth under the good drainage class; this could be related to neoformation, but it was decreased with depth under the weak drainage class. These results could be due to the instability of this mineral in high moisture and its low Mg activity. There was also a negative correlation correlation between Palygorskite and smectite; this was such that most palygorskite was observed in the surface horizons, but smectite was in the subsurface. Smectite was the dominant clay mineral in the studied soils; it was formed from the weathering of other minerals as well as from neoformed ones in the lowlands. Vermiculite was formed in these soils due to k depletion by leaching or plant absorption. This happened in the illite to smectite transformation process. Therefore, topography and irrigation could be regarded as the main factors putting these soils in high category; also, clay mineral assemblage was different under this situation in these soils.","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134351195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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