Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.3.311
K. Esmaili, S. Seifi, H. Salari
{"title":"A New Plan to Use Guide Fow Plates in Settling Basin for Increasing the Trap Efficiency","authors":"K. Esmaili, S. Seifi, H. Salari","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.3.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.3.311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128421983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.3.107
M. Noshadi, S. Karimi
{"title":"Effect of Controlled Drainage and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Drainage Water and Nitrate Leaching","authors":"M. Noshadi, S. Karimi","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.3.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.3.107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132497729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.3.177
R. Darabi Kandlaji, S. Oustan, N. Aliasgharzad, N. Najafi
{"title":"Effects of Moisture Conditions and Ammonium Concentration on Nitrification in Two Soils with Different Textures","authors":"R. Darabi Kandlaji, S. Oustan, N. Aliasgharzad, N. Najafi","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.3.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.3.177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124090132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation the Effect of Different Salinity Levels on the Morphological Parameters of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under Different Irrigation Regimes","authors":"H. Sharifan, S. Jamali, F. Sajadi","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116316822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.2.237
نگار نورمهناد
Due to the water scarcity in Iran, it is important to provide strategies to reduce water consumption in the agriculture sector. Zycosil is a nanotechnology material that makes a great hydrophobe in the soil. This study was conducted based on completely randomized block design within microlysimeter with the height of 15 cm and the diameter of 8 cm to investigate the hydrophobic effect on the amount of consumed water in pepper. Sweet pepper seedlings were planted in them; then the treatments were applied. The Z25, Z50 and Z75 treatments consisted of covering 25, 50 and 75 % of the soil surface by Zycosil; these were compared with the control (Ctrl- no Zycosil application) in three replications. The results showed that Z75 treatment reduced 27% water consumption and increased the fresh yield by approximately 62 %. The increased yield of Z25 and Z50 was 5 and 26 %, respectively. Dry pepper yield was increased in Z25, Z50 and Z75 treatments by 22, 19 and 80%, respectively, as compared to Ctrl treatment. The amount of water consumed was decreased by 10 % per 25% coverage level. The least amount of water use efficiency was observed in the control treatment (1.28 gr/cm3). The Z75 had the highest water use efficiency (2.96 gr/cm3). Hence, the application of hydrophobic material such as Zycosil in the soil surface reduced water evaporation and increased water retention. This increased the yield and water use efficiency.
{"title":"The Effect of Zycosil on Water Consumption and Yield of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)","authors":"نگار نورمهناد","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.2.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.2.237","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the water scarcity in Iran, it is important to provide strategies to reduce water consumption in the agriculture sector. Zycosil is a nanotechnology material that makes a great hydrophobe in the soil. This study was conducted based on completely randomized block design within microlysimeter with the height of 15 cm and the diameter of 8 cm to investigate the hydrophobic effect on the amount of consumed water in pepper. Sweet pepper seedlings were planted in them; then the treatments were applied. The Z25, Z50 and Z75 treatments consisted of covering 25, 50 and 75 % of the soil surface by Zycosil; these were compared with the control (Ctrl- no Zycosil application) in three replications. The results showed that Z75 treatment reduced 27% water consumption and increased the fresh yield by approximately 62 %. The increased yield of Z25 and Z50 was 5 and 26 %, respectively. Dry pepper yield was increased in Z25, Z50 and Z75 treatments by 22, 19 and 80%, respectively, as compared to Ctrl treatment. The amount of water consumed was decreased by 10 % per 25% coverage level. The least amount of water use efficiency was observed in the control treatment (1.28 gr/cm3). The Z75 had the highest water use efficiency (2.96 gr/cm3). Hence, the application of hydrophobic material such as Zycosil in the soil surface reduced water evaporation and increased water retention. This increased the yield and water use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131964135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.2.287
F. Jahanbakhshi, M. Ekhtesasi, A. Talebi, M. Piri
One of the main sources of runoff in arid and semi-arid mountainous highlands is typically composed of before Quaternary formations. Since the structure and lithology of formations are different, varying formations can have different significance in terms of runoff and sediment. The present study aimed to investigate the sediment production potential and the runoff generation threshold on three formations (Shirkooh Granite, Shale, Sandstone and Conglomerate of Sangestan and Taft Limestone) in Shirkooh mountain slopes. The 60 mm/h rainfall intensity with the 40 minute continuity, according to region rainfall records, and the ability of the rainfall simulator were selected as the basis for the study. Field experiments were conducted in dry conditions based on one square meter plot on rocky slopes with a gradient of 20 to 22 percent and a maximum thickness of 30 cm of soil. The results showed that in 60 mm/h rainfall intensity, the minimum rainfall to produce runoff on Sangestan, Shirkooh and, Taft, was 10, 10.7 and 16.7 mm, respectively. The maximum amount of the sediment was measured on Sangestan, Taft and Shirkooh, respectively. Statistical tests related to runoff and sediment production on all three formations confirmed a significant difference at the 5 % level. In terms of the time required to start runoff, the minimum time was for Sangestan, Shirkooh and Taft, respectively. According to the results, in terms of the potential for runoff generation and sediment production, Sangestan, Shirkooh and Taft can be ranked from high to low levels.
{"title":"Investigation of Sediment Production and Runoff Generation on Rock Formations of Shirkooh Slopes of Yazd by Using a Rainfall Simulator","authors":"F. Jahanbakhshi, M. Ekhtesasi, A. Talebi, M. Piri","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.2.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.2.287","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main sources of runoff in arid and semi-arid mountainous highlands is typically composed of before Quaternary formations. Since the structure and lithology of formations are different, varying formations can have different significance in terms of runoff and sediment. The present study aimed to investigate the sediment production potential and the runoff generation threshold on three formations (Shirkooh Granite, Shale, Sandstone and Conglomerate of Sangestan and Taft Limestone) in Shirkooh mountain slopes. The 60 mm/h rainfall intensity with the 40 minute continuity, according to region rainfall records, and the ability of the rainfall simulator were selected as the basis for the study. Field experiments were conducted in dry conditions based on one square meter plot on rocky slopes with a gradient of 20 to 22 percent and a maximum thickness of 30 cm of soil. The results showed that in 60 mm/h rainfall intensity, the minimum rainfall to produce runoff on Sangestan, Shirkooh and, Taft, was 10, 10.7 and 16.7 mm, respectively. The maximum amount of the sediment was measured on Sangestan, Taft and Shirkooh, respectively. Statistical tests related to runoff and sediment production on all three formations confirmed a significant difference at the 5 % level. In terms of the time required to start runoff, the minimum time was for Sangestan, Shirkooh and Taft, respectively. According to the results, in terms of the potential for runoff generation and sediment production, Sangestan, Shirkooh and Taft can be ranked from high to low levels.","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123917738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.2.395
H. Naghavi, A. Sabbah, M. Amirpour robat, F. Nourgholipour
{"title":"The Investigation of the Effect of Rate and Time of Nitrogen Application on the Quantity Characteristics of Safflower in Calcareos Soil in Kerman Area","authors":"H. Naghavi, A. Sabbah, M. Amirpour robat, F. Nourgholipour","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.2.395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.2.395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121904533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.2.127
S. Mousavi, M. Mokhtari, Y. Khosravi, A. Rafiee, R. Hoseinzade
{"title":"Investigation of Environmental Pollution in Stream Sediments for Heavy Metals at Zarshuran- Aghdarreh Area (North of Takab, Iran)","authors":"S. Mousavi, M. Mokhtari, Y. Khosravi, A. Rafiee, R. Hoseinzade","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.2.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.2.127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124705253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.2.261
M. H. Tarazkar, M. Zibaei, G. Soltani, M. Nooshadi
Nowadays, water resource management has been shifted from the construction of new water supply systems to the management and the optimal utilization of the existing ones. In this study, the reservoir operating rules of Doroodzan dam reservoir, located in Fars province, were determined using different methods and the most efficient model was selected. For this purpose, a monthly nonlinear multi-objective optimization model was designed using the monthly data of a fifteen-year period (2002-2017). Objective functions were considered as minimizing water scarcity index in municipal, industrial, environmental and agricultural sectors. In order to determine the operating rule curves of reservoir, in addition to the nonlinear multi-objective optimization model, the methods of ordinary least-squares regression (OLS), fuzzy inference system and adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used. Also, the reliability, resiliency, vulnerability and sustainability criteria were used to compare the different methods of reservoir performance rules. The results showed that ANFIS model had the higher sustainability criterion (0.26) due to its greater reliability (0.7) and resilience (0.42), as well as its lower vulnerability (0.13), thereby showing the best performance. Therefore, ANFIS model could be effectively used for the creation of Doroodzan reservoir operation rules.
{"title":"Determining the Operating Rules Of Doroodzan Reservoir Using the Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)","authors":"M. H. Tarazkar, M. Zibaei, G. Soltani, M. Nooshadi","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.2.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.2.261","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, water resource management has been shifted from the construction of new water supply systems to the management and the optimal utilization of the existing ones. In this study, the reservoir operating rules of Doroodzan dam reservoir, located in Fars province, were determined using different methods and the most efficient model was selected. For this purpose, a monthly nonlinear multi-objective optimization model was designed using the monthly data of a fifteen-year period (2002-2017). Objective functions were considered as minimizing water scarcity index in municipal, industrial, environmental and agricultural sectors. In order to determine the operating rule curves of reservoir, in addition to the nonlinear multi-objective optimization model, the methods of ordinary least-squares regression (OLS), fuzzy inference system and adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used. Also, the reliability, resiliency, vulnerability and sustainability criteria were used to compare the different methods of reservoir performance rules. The results showed that ANFIS model had the higher sustainability criterion (0.26) due to its greater reliability (0.7) and resilience (0.42), as well as its lower vulnerability (0.13), thereby showing the best performance. Therefore, ANFIS model could be effectively used for the creation of Doroodzan reservoir operation rules.","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132760782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.29252/jstnar.22.2.361
E. Chavoshi, M. Afyuni, M. Hajabbasi
This study covers a large agricultural and industrial area of Isfahan province, including three types of land use, i.e., agricultural, uncultivated, industrial and urban types. A total of 275 samples from surface soil (0-20 cm) were collected and water soluble fluoride concentrations of them were measured. The spatial structure of water soluble fluoride in the soils was determined by omnidirectional variogram in the GS + software. The spatial distribution of water soluble fluoride in the soil was mapped by employing the point kriging method in the SURFER software. The results showed that the mean of the water soluble fluoride concentration in Isfahan soils (0.85 mg L -1 ) was higher than the mean world soils (0.53 mg L -1 ). The water soluble fluoride showed moderate spatial dependence, indicating that the spatial variability of water soluble fluoride was mainly controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The mean water soluble fluoride concentration was significantly higher in agricultural and urban areas, as compared with the uncultivated land. This could be due to application of phosphate fertilizer in agricultural areas and the atmospheric fallout of fluoride from the industrial sources such as steel factories. According to the generated kriging map, the higher concentration of fluoride was mainly recorded around the Zayande Rood River and in the central and western parts of the study area.
这项研究覆盖了伊斯法罕省的一个大的农业和工业地区，包括三种土地利用类型，即农业、荒地、工业和城市类型。共采集表层土壤(0 ~ 20 cm)样品275份，测定其水溶性氟浓度。利用GS +软件的全向变异函数测定了土壤中水溶性氟的空间结构。采用SURFER软件中的点克里格法绘制了土壤中水溶性氟的空间分布图。结果表明，伊斯法罕土壤水溶性氟浓度平均值(0.85 mg L -1)高于世界土壤平均值(0.53 mg L -1)。水溶性氟表现出中等的空间依赖性，表明水溶性氟的空间变异主要受内因和外因控制。农业和城市地区的平均水溶性氟浓度明显高于未开垦地区。这可能是由于在农业地区施用磷肥，以及钢铁厂等工业来源的氟化物在大气中的沉降。根据生成的克里格图，氟化物浓度较高的区域主要集中在扎彦德路河周边和研究区中西部。
{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Water Soluble Fuoride in the Agricultural, Uncultivated, Urban and Industrial Rgions of Isfahan Province","authors":"E. Chavoshi, M. Afyuni, M. Hajabbasi","doi":"10.29252/jstnar.22.2.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/jstnar.22.2.361","url":null,"abstract":"This study covers a large agricultural and industrial area of Isfahan province, including three types of land use, i.e., agricultural, uncultivated, industrial and urban types. A total of 275 samples from surface soil (0-20 cm) were collected and water soluble fluoride concentrations of them were measured. The spatial structure of water soluble fluoride in the soils was determined by omnidirectional variogram in the GS + software. The spatial distribution of water soluble fluoride in the soil was mapped by employing the point kriging method in the SURFER software. The results showed that the mean of the water soluble fluoride concentration in Isfahan soils (0.85 mg L -1 ) was higher than the mean world soils (0.53 mg L -1 ). The water soluble fluoride showed moderate spatial dependence, indicating that the spatial variability of water soluble fluoride was mainly controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The mean water soluble fluoride concentration was significantly higher in agricultural and urban areas, as compared with the uncultivated land. This could be due to application of phosphate fertilizer in agricultural areas and the atmospheric fallout of fluoride from the industrial sources such as steel factories. According to the generated kriging map, the higher concentration of fluoride was mainly recorded around the Zayande Rood River and in the central and western parts of the study area.","PeriodicalId":151496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Soil Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123607939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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