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Applied biomaterials. Proceedings of a symposium on retrieval and analysis of surgical implants and biomaterials. August, 1988. Snowbird, Utah. 应用生物材料。外科植入物和生物材料检索与分析研讨会论文集。1988年8月。雪鸟,犹他州。
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引用次数: 0
An investigation of Bioglass powders: quality assurance test procedure and test criteria. 生物玻璃粉末的研究:质量保证测试程序和测试标准。
L D Warren, A E Clark, L L Hench

Bioglass, in bulk form, has been used to bond to the body's hard and soft tissues in many surgical and dental applications over the past 18 years. There is also a large potential use of Bioglass, in powder or paste from, to fill irregular-shaped bony defects caused by local or systemic disease, congenital malformations, or trauma in the fields of otolaryngology and dental sciences. A quality assurance test procedure to analyze powdered Bioglass to guarantee that the bioactivity of the glass has been maintained during manufacturing was developed. Herein states the quality assurance test procedure, test variables, and test criteria to assure the bioactivity of Bioglass powders made from known bioactive bulk Bioglass samples. Also described herein is the path taken to develop the test procedure and test criteria and experiments performed to study the test variables.

在过去的18年里,散装的生物玻璃在许多外科和牙科应用中被用于粘合身体的硬组织和软组织。在耳鼻喉科和牙科科学领域,生物玻璃在粉末或膏状中也有很大的潜在用途,用于填充由局部或全身性疾病、先天性畸形或创伤引起的不规则形状的骨缺损。为保证粉末生物玻璃在生产过程中保持生物活性,开发了粉末生物玻璃质量保证测试程序。本文陈述了质量保证测试程序、测试变量和测试标准,以确保由已知生物活性散装生物玻璃样品制成的生物玻璃粉末的生物活性。本文还描述了开发测试程序和测试标准所采取的路径以及为研究测试变量而进行的实验。
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引用次数: 0
Elastic properties and strength of a novel small-diameter, compliant polyurethane vascular graft. 一种新型小直径柔性聚氨酯血管移植物的弹性性能和强度。
K Hayashi, K Takamizawa, T Saito, K Kira, K Hiramatsu, K Kondo

Tensile properties and pressure-diameter-axial force relations of a newly developed small-diameter arterial graft were determined and compared to those of commercially available grafts and natural arteries. The material was synthesized from 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polytetramethylene glycol, and polyethylene oxide, chain-extended with ethylene glycol. Porous conduits (3-mm internal diameter) were fabricated of this material by means of a phase separation technique, and their outer surfaces were covered with woolly polyester net in order to prevent excessive dilation. Mechanical tests indicated that the polyurethane graft has distensibility and strength similar to that of natural arteries, and has been proved to be useful for the arterial reconstruction, particularly for the replacement of small-diameter blood vessels.

测定了新研制的小直径动脉移植物的拉伸性能和压力-直径-轴向力关系,并将其与市售移植物和天然动脉进行了比较。该材料由4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚四甲基乙二醇和聚环氧乙烷经乙二醇扩链而合成。多孔导管(内径3毫米)通过相分离技术制成,其外表面覆盖羊毛聚酯网,以防止过度膨胀。力学试验表明,聚氨酯移植物具有与天然动脉相似的膨胀性和强度,已被证明可用于动脉重建,特别是小直径血管的替代。
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引用次数: 0
A chronic intracortical electrode array: preliminary results. 慢性皮质内电极阵列:初步结果。
P K Campbell, R A Normann, K W Horch, S S Stensaas

Two sets of electrode arrays made of either 25- or 50-microns-diameter Teflon-insulated platinum-iridium wire and Teflon have been developed for chronic intracortical electrical stimulation. Cortical histological studies were performed following acute and chronic implantation in cats. While some neural damage resulted from the implantations of either array configuration, a unique set of problems was associated with each diameter wire. Arrays with 50-microns electrodes and lead wires tended to maintain interelectrode spacing upon implantation, but the percutaneous leads retained residual stress which made array implantation difficult. Arrays with 25-microns electrodes and lead wires suffered from changes in interelectrode spacing upon implantation, but were much easier to manipulate during surgery. Both array configurations demonstrated some movement after implantation. It is concluded that a chronic intracortical stimulating electrode array of this geometry should have the following properties: 1) the penetrating electrodes and supporting substrate must be stiff (to maintain interelectrode spacings upon implantation), and 2) the percutaneous leads must be extremely flexible (to avoid array movement after implantation).

两组电极阵列分别由直径25微米或50微米的聚四氟乙烯绝缘铂铱线和聚四氟乙烯制成,用于慢性皮质内电刺激。在猫的急性和慢性植入后进行皮质组织学研究。虽然两种排列配置的植入都会造成一些神经损伤,但每种直径的金属丝都有一组独特的问题。采用50微米电极和引线的阵列在植入时倾向于保持电极间距,但经皮引线存在残余应力,使得阵列植入困难。带有25微米电极和导线的阵列在植入时电极间距会发生变化,但在手术中更容易操作。两种阵列在植入后都有一定的移动。结论是,这种几何形状的慢性皮质内刺激电极阵列应该具有以下特性:1)穿透电极和支撑基板必须是坚硬的(以保持植入后电极间的间距),2)经皮导线必须非常灵活(以避免植入后阵列移动)。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of blood compatibility of PEO grafted and heparin immobilized polyurethanes. PEO移植物和肝素固定化聚氨酯的血液相容性评价。
D K Han, S Y Jeong, Y H Kim

To develop better blood compatible polymer for long-term biomedical applications, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) grafted and/or heparin immobilized polyurethanes (PUs) were made by novel surface modification. Their blood compatibilities were investigated using in vitro platelet adhesion test, APTT, PT, immobilized heparin bioactivity measurement, and ex vivo rabbit A-A shunt test. In platelet adhesion tests, PEO grafted PU surfaces, compared to PU control, displayed very little platelet adhesion and activation, and this effect was more significant as the molecular weight of PEO increased from 200 to 2000. Also, the degree of platelet adhesion was lower in the heparinized PU surfaces than that of PU control. The immobilized heparin showed a greater effect on intrinsic blood coagulation factors than on extrinsic ones, whereas the PU-PEO surface was independent of blood coagulation factors. Lowering both in vitro platelet adhesion and activation led to a prolongation in the ex vivo occlusion time. In particular, the heparinized PU-PEO surfaces displayed enhanced blood compatibility due to the synergistic effects of PEO and heparin.

为了开发长期应用于生物医学的更好的血液相容性聚合物,通过新的表面改性制备了聚环氧乙烷(PEO)接枝和/或肝素固定化聚氨酯(pu)。采用体外血小板黏附试验、APTT、PT、固定化肝素生物活性测定和兔离体A-A分流试验考察其血液相容性。在血小板粘附试验中,与PU对照相比,PEO接枝PU表面的血小板粘附和活化程度非常低,并且随着PEO分子量从200到2000的增加,这种影响更为显著。与对照组相比,肝素化PU表面的血小板粘附程度较低。固定化肝素对内源性凝血因子的影响大于外源性凝血因子,而PU-PEO表面不受凝血因子的影响。降低体外血小板粘附和活化导致离体闭塞时间延长。特别是,由于PEO和肝素的协同作用,肝素化的PU-PEO表面显示出增强的血液相容性。
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引用次数: 0
Fatigue properties of acrylic bone cement: S-N, P-N, and P-S-N data. 丙烯酸骨水泥的疲劳性能:S-N, P-N和P-S-N数据。
J P Davies, T P Harrigan
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引用次数: 0
Bone bonding behavior of bead-coated alumina ceramic under load-bearing conditions. 承载条件下珠膜氧化铝陶瓷的骨结合行为。
H Takagi, T Yamamuro, K Hyakuna, T Nakamura, Y Kotoura, M Oka

Alumina ceramic has good biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and excellent lubrication properties. However, it is bioinert and does not bond with bone tissue. Therefore, to promote mechanical bonding, we have developed an alumina ceramic material coated with alumina ceramic beads using identical alumina ceramic binder. In this study, we evaluated the bone bonding capability of this material under load-bearing conditions along with its mechanical properties. The test pieces with or without bead-coating were implanted into the load-bearing portions of the medial and lateral femoral condyles of adult mongrel dogs. The dogs were euthanized 4, 8, and 24 weeks after implantation, and the pull-out test and histological examination were performed. The uncoated implants showed signs of loosening similar to those observed clinically. In contrast, the bonding strength of the bead-coated implants was significantly greater than that of the uncoated implants and increased with implantation time. This increase in strength differs from the results obtained in the non-load-bearing experiments, in which a plateau was seen relatively early after implantation. Results of histological examination suggested that this increase was caused by thickening of ingrown trabeculae, which could be observed as early as 4 weeks after implantation, at the bone-implant interface. In addition, the mechanical properties of the bead-coated alumina ceramic were comparable to those of grooved alumina ceramic which has been used clinically. These results indicate the possibility for clinical application of the bead-coated alumina ceramic.

氧化铝陶瓷具有良好的生物相容性、较高的机械强度和优良的润滑性能。然而,它是生物惰性的,不与骨组织结合。因此,为了促进机械粘合,我们开发了一种氧化铝陶瓷材料,使用相同的氧化铝陶瓷粘合剂涂覆氧化铝陶瓷珠。在这项研究中,我们评估了这种材料在承重条件下的骨粘合能力以及它的力学性能。将带或不带包头的试件植入成年杂种犬股骨内侧和外侧髁的承重部位。分别于植入后4、8、24周实施安乐死,并进行拔体试验和组织学检查。未涂覆的种植体表现出与临床观察相似的松动迹象。相比之下,包覆珠状种植体的结合强度明显大于未包覆珠状种植体,并且随着种植时间的延长而增加。这种强度的增加不同于在非承重实验中获得的结果,在非承重实验中,在植入后相对较早地看到平台。组织学检查结果表明,这种增加是由向内生长的小梁增厚引起的,早在植入后4周就可以在骨-种植体界面处观察到。此外,珠状涂层氧化铝陶瓷的力学性能与临床使用的槽状氧化铝陶瓷相当。这些结果为珠膜氧化铝陶瓷的临床应用提供了可能。
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引用次数: 0
Bone attachment to hydroxyapatite coated polymers. 骨附着羟基磷灰石涂层聚合物。
P S Boone, M C Zimmerman, E Gutteling, C K Lee, J R Parsons, N Langrana

Bone attachment to two classes of hydroxyapatite (HA) coated polymers was evaluated mechanically and histologically. Particulate HA was molded into the surface of thermoplastic implants and cast into the surface of thermoset implants. Coated and uncoated implants of both types were implanted in the distal femurs of rabbits for four and twelve weeks. After sacrifice, the bone/implant interface was evaluated mechanically via a push-out test with a servohydraulic test system. Paired statistical analysis revealed significantly greater shear strengths for coated vs. uncoated implants for both polymer systems at both time periods. Mixed mode of failure occurred with particle removal from the polymer surface and from the bone. One animal at each time period was saved for histology. Histology at both time periods indicated direct bone apposition to the HA coating as compared to a fibrous encapsulation about the uncoated implants. This was confirmed with backscatter scanning electron microscopy and scanning acoustic microscopy. Hydroxyapatite coatings significantly improve the bond strength between polymers and bone by allowing direct bone apposition and some mechanical interlocking with the bone.

骨附着于两类羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层聚合物进行机械和组织学评价。微粒羟基磷灰石被模压到热塑性植入物的表面,并浇铸到热固性植入物的表面。两种类型的包被和未包被植入物分别植入兔股骨远端4周和12周。牺牲后,通过伺服液压测试系统进行推出测试,对骨/植入物界面进行机械评估。配对统计分析显示,在两个时间段内,两种聚合物体系的涂覆植入物与未涂覆植入物的抗剪强度均显著提高。混合模式的失败发生在颗粒从聚合物表面和骨骼中去除。每个时间段保留一只动物进行组织学检查。两个时间段的组织学显示,与未涂膜种植体的纤维包封相比,羟基磷灰石涂层与骨直接接触。后向散射扫描电子显微镜和扫描声学显微镜证实了这一点。羟基磷灰石涂层通过允许骨的直接接触和与骨的机械联锁,显著提高聚合物与骨之间的结合强度。
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引用次数: 0
Deconvoluted X-ray diffraction analysis of bone and mixtures of bone and particulate hydroxyapatite. 骨及骨与羟基磷灰石颗粒混合物的反卷积x射线衍射分析。
M Germine, J R Parsons

Recent evidence suggests that bone phosphate exists almost entirely as hydroxyapatite (HA). The relative deficiency of calcium and presence of substantial HPO2-4 in bone phosphate indicates modification of the ideal HA structure, however. An inability to resolve closely spaced lines in fine grained materials, coupled with the limited periodicity of the thin mineral crystals of bone have prevented definitive characterization of the structure of bone mineral using standard X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. We have applied computer deconvolution XRD techniques to aid in the resolution of component overlapped profiles from bone, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) and mixtures of bone and synthetic HA resulting from implantation studies. In the course of this resolution process separate profiles were resolved from the (002) profile of bone derived HA. The ratio of integrated intensities of these profiles to the intensity of the profile of synthetic HA appears to provide an approximate measure of the ratio of bone to synthetic HA in a given sample. The finding of shoulders on the (002) peak of bone provides the basis for resolution into separate profiles. The asymmetry of these shoulders in mature bone cannot be attributed to crystallinity, particle size, or computer artifact. The same finding has been previously reported in hydrolyzed, deproteinated bone. Further work will be needed to resolve the question of whether the structural heterogeneity implied by profile geometry is the result of multiple HA phases, surface layer structure involving hydrolysis and calcium absences, or some other factor.

最近的证据表明,骨磷酸盐几乎完全以羟基磷灰石(HA)的形式存在。然而,骨磷酸盐中钙的相对缺乏和大量HPO2-4的存在表明理想的透明质酸结构发生了改变。无法分辨细颗粒材料中紧密间隔的线条,再加上骨薄矿物晶体的有限周期性,阻碍了使用标准x射线衍射(XRD)技术对骨矿物结构的明确表征。我们已经应用了计算机反褶积XRD技术来帮助分辨来自骨、合成羟基磷灰石(HA)以及植入研究中产生的骨和合成羟基磷灰石混合物的成分重叠剖面。在这个分辨过程中,从骨源性HA的(002)分辨出了不同的剖面。这些剖面的综合强度与合成透明质酸剖面的强度之比似乎提供了给定样品中骨与合成透明质酸比率的近似测量。骨骼(002)峰肩部的发现为分离剖面提供了基础。成熟骨骼中肩部的不对称性不能归因于结晶性、颗粒大小或计算机伪影。同样的发现也曾在水解、脱蛋白的骨骼中得到过报道。需要进一步的工作来解决这个问题,即轮廓几何所暗示的结构非均质性是多个HA相、涉及水解和缺钙的表层结构还是其他因素的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Regulation of orthopedic devices. 规管矫形器材。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of biomedical materials research
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