Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786988
J. Haun, K. Ryan, N. Portunato
Passive acoustic technologies and associated algorithms that detect, classify and localize marine mammals are becoming the preferred means of performing scientific investigations in the marine mammal risk mitigation (MMRM) project at the NATO Undersea Research Centre. During the last nine years, this robust scientific program has investigated, among other aspects, the habitat and behavior of the primary species of concern, Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris). The SIRENA '08 sea trial, conducted from 17 May to 18 June 2008 in the Alboran Sea, was the most recent sea trial in a series of such campaigns that supported the MMRM project. Operations aboard the NRV Alliance were divided into three phases; during phases 1 (19 - 27 May) and 2 (29 May - 6 June), line-transect surveys were performed using acoustic and visual methods to determine the presence and absence of cetaceans. During phase 3 (8 - 16 June), focal follow and tagging of Cuvier's beaked whales and long-finned pilot whales (Globicephela melas) were performed. Glider operations and visual observations were also performed from a shore station during all three phases. Several non-acoustic tools and techniques were used, tested and evaluated during SIRENA '08; however, this paper will focus on the passive acoustic technologies employed on the cruise.
{"title":"Marine Mammal Risk Mitigation using passive acoustic technologies","authors":"J. Haun, K. Ryan, N. Portunato","doi":"10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786988","url":null,"abstract":"Passive acoustic technologies and associated algorithms that detect, classify and localize marine mammals are becoming the preferred means of performing scientific investigations in the marine mammal risk mitigation (MMRM) project at the NATO Undersea Research Centre. During the last nine years, this robust scientific program has investigated, among other aspects, the habitat and behavior of the primary species of concern, Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris). The SIRENA '08 sea trial, conducted from 17 May to 18 June 2008 in the Alboran Sea, was the most recent sea trial in a series of such campaigns that supported the MMRM project. Operations aboard the NRV Alliance were divided into three phases; during phases 1 (19 - 27 May) and 2 (29 May - 6 June), line-transect surveys were performed using acoustic and visual methods to determine the presence and absence of cetaceans. During phase 3 (8 - 16 June), focal follow and tagging of Cuvier's beaked whales and long-finned pilot whales (Globicephela melas) were performed. Glider operations and visual observations were also performed from a shore station during all three phases. Several non-acoustic tools and techniques were used, tested and evaluated during SIRENA '08; however, this paper will focus on the passive acoustic technologies employed on the cruise.","PeriodicalId":153349,"journal":{"name":"2008 New Trends for Environmental Monitoring Using Passive Systems","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131873699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786982
A. Gannier, S. Fuchs, J. Oswald
Whistles from three delphinid species (Stenella coeruleoalba, Grampus griseus, Delphinus delphis) commonly observed in pelagic waters of the western Mediterranean Sea were taken from GREC sound archives. FFT contours (window size 512, hanning, sampling frequency 44.1 kHz) were extracted with a custom developed Matlab software: 277 samples of striped dolphins (northwestern basin), 158 of Risso's dolphin and 120 of common dolphins were selected. Fifteen variables were extracted from the contours, including: duration, frequency range, number of frequency extrema, beginning, ending, maximal and minimal frequencies, initial, final, maximal and minimal frequency slopes, presence of harmonics. All three species were significantly different (Mann-Whitney test) for average durations (respectively 0.72, 0.65 and 0.47 sec.), frequency ranges (respectively 7296, 6365 and 4622 Hz) and max frequencies. Initial and final slopes were significant to discriminate common dolphins from the two other species. Beginning and minimal frequencies were significantly different for striped dolphins and other species. A discriminant analysis was carried out and showed that two species could be discriminated with a good confidence level (chi2 test, alpha = 0.05).
{"title":"Pelagic delphinids of the Mediterranean Sea have different whistles","authors":"A. Gannier, S. Fuchs, J. Oswald","doi":"10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786982","url":null,"abstract":"Whistles from three delphinid species (Stenella coeruleoalba, Grampus griseus, Delphinus delphis) commonly observed in pelagic waters of the western Mediterranean Sea were taken from GREC sound archives. FFT contours (window size 512, hanning, sampling frequency 44.1 kHz) were extracted with a custom developed Matlab software: 277 samples of striped dolphins (northwestern basin), 158 of Risso's dolphin and 120 of common dolphins were selected. Fifteen variables were extracted from the contours, including: duration, frequency range, number of frequency extrema, beginning, ending, maximal and minimal frequencies, initial, final, maximal and minimal frequency slopes, presence of harmonics. All three species were significantly different (Mann-Whitney test) for average durations (respectively 0.72, 0.65 and 0.47 sec.), frequency ranges (respectively 7296, 6365 and 4622 Hz) and max frequencies. Initial and final slopes were significant to discriminate common dolphins from the two other species. Beginning and minimal frequencies were significantly different for striped dolphins and other species. A discriminant analysis was carried out and showed that two species could be discriminated with a good confidence level (chi2 test, alpha = 0.05).","PeriodicalId":153349,"journal":{"name":"2008 New Trends for Environmental Monitoring Using Passive Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133518484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786981
O. Adam, H. Glotin
Passive acoustics is one of the methods for marine mammal observations. This approach is complementary of visual observations or use of tags. Different projects for marine mammals' acoustics observatory (permanent or mobile) are actually in construction. A part of them are included in biggest multidisciplinary projects and especially in geophysics projects. We join the Antares project for at least 2 reasons. Firstly, the Antares neutrino detector is built in one of the Mediterranean Sea hotspots. Secondly, many sensors is used for this neutrino detector and especially hydrophones with appropriate bandwidth for marine mammal observations. We first briefly present the ESONET Network and then the ANTARES telescope. We then illustrate the real-time analyses that we can run on ANTARES data. We finaly discuss on the ANTARES extensions in the Ligure Sea and its impact on cetacean studies monitoring.
{"title":"Passive acoustic storey of the Antares neutrino detector for real-time cetaceans detection, localization and behavior studies","authors":"O. Adam, H. Glotin","doi":"10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786981","url":null,"abstract":"Passive acoustics is one of the methods for marine mammal observations. This approach is complementary of visual observations or use of tags. Different projects for marine mammals' acoustics observatory (permanent or mobile) are actually in construction. A part of them are included in biggest multidisciplinary projects and especially in geophysics projects. We join the Antares project for at least 2 reasons. Firstly, the Antares neutrino detector is built in one of the Mediterranean Sea hotspots. Secondly, many sensors is used for this neutrino detector and especially hydrophones with appropriate bandwidth for marine mammal observations. We first briefly present the ESONET Network and then the ANTARES telescope. We then illustrate the real-time analyses that we can run on ANTARES data. We finaly discuss on the ANTARES extensions in the Ligure Sea and its impact on cetacean studies monitoring.","PeriodicalId":153349,"journal":{"name":"2008 New Trends for Environmental Monitoring Using Passive Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122510814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786976
F. Caudal, H. Glotin
This paper compare two real-time passive underwater acoustic methods to track multiple emitting whales using four or more omni-directional widely-spaced bottom-mounted hydrophones. The Stochastic Matched Filter (SMF) is first used in the whale tracking. The SMF with an echo removal is compared to the Teager-Kaiser-Mallat (TKM) filter method. We briefly review the SMF and TKM theory, rough time delays of arrival are calculated, selected and filtered, and used to estimate the positions of whales for a constant or linear sound speed profile. The complete algorithm is tested on real data from the NUWC and the AUTEC. We evaluate the a priori performance of the system via the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and Monte Carlo simulations. The CRLB and Monte Carlo simulations are computed and compared with the tracking results. SMF shows higher performance than TKM with more position estimated. Results is validated by similar results from the US Navy and Hawaii univ labs in the case of one whale, and by similar whales counting from the Columbia univ. ROSA lab in the case of multiple whales. The model is validated with good performances with the theoric CRLB and the computed confidence ellipses. At this time, our tracking method is the only one giving typical speed and depth estimations for multiple (4) emitting whales located at 1 to 5 km from the hydrophones.
{"title":"Stochastic Matched Filter outperforms Teager-Kaiser-Mallat for tracking a plurality of sperm whales","authors":"F. Caudal, H. Glotin","doi":"10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786976","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compare two real-time passive underwater acoustic methods to track multiple emitting whales using four or more omni-directional widely-spaced bottom-mounted hydrophones. The Stochastic Matched Filter (SMF) is first used in the whale tracking. The SMF with an echo removal is compared to the Teager-Kaiser-Mallat (TKM) filter method. We briefly review the SMF and TKM theory, rough time delays of arrival are calculated, selected and filtered, and used to estimate the positions of whales for a constant or linear sound speed profile. The complete algorithm is tested on real data from the NUWC and the AUTEC. We evaluate the a priori performance of the system via the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and Monte Carlo simulations. The CRLB and Monte Carlo simulations are computed and compared with the tracking results. SMF shows higher performance than TKM with more position estimated. Results is validated by similar results from the US Navy and Hawaii univ labs in the case of one whale, and by similar whales counting from the Columbia univ. ROSA lab in the case of multiple whales. The model is validated with good performances with the theoric CRLB and the computed confidence ellipses. At this time, our tracking method is the only one giving typical speed and depth estimations for multiple (4) emitting whales located at 1 to 5 km from the hydrophones.","PeriodicalId":153349,"journal":{"name":"2008 New Trends for Environmental Monitoring Using Passive Systems","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122636755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-01DOI: 10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786992
W. Zimmer, G. Pavan
Beaked whales have been reported to mass strand as result of naval sonar exercises and the ability to mitigate such negative effects is of increasing importance. We present results that suggest that passive acoustic detection of beaked whales is feasible using broadband hydrophone arrays towed at shallow depths. In particular, the presence of delayed surface reflections is an important classification cue indicating that the received sound had been generated by a whale foraging at depth. This contextual information can easily be visualized by time-delay estimation techniques. We show that the use of non-acoustic contextual information of a deep diving foraging whale provides a promising approach to improving the classification performance of a passive acoustic detector of beaked whales.
{"title":"Context driven detection/classification of Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris)","authors":"W. Zimmer, G. Pavan","doi":"10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786992","url":null,"abstract":"Beaked whales have been reported to mass strand as result of naval sonar exercises and the ability to mitigate such negative effects is of increasing importance. We present results that suggest that passive acoustic detection of beaked whales is feasible using broadband hydrophone arrays towed at shallow depths. In particular, the presence of delayed surface reflections is an important classification cue indicating that the received sound had been generated by a whale foraging at depth. This contextual information can easily be visualized by time-delay estimation techniques. We show that the use of non-acoustic contextual information of a deep diving foraging whale provides a promising approach to improving the classification performance of a passive acoustic detector of beaked whales.","PeriodicalId":153349,"journal":{"name":"2008 New Trends for Environmental Monitoring Using Passive Systems","volume":"23 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125512193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786974
Gautier Picot, Olivier Adam, M. Bergounioux, Hervé Glotin, François-Xavier Mayer
We automatically segmented a humpback whale song using the Roger Payne's principle of sound unit and we patterned and automatically classified intonations of sound units thanks to an unsupervised algorithm to describe recurrent patterns. We determined 6 different patterns of intonation. Some different sound units present the same pattern of intonation and one sound unit can be submitted to different patterns of intonation. Intonation could be related to information's transmission between humpback whales while they are singing.
{"title":"Automatic prosodic clustering of humpback whales song","authors":"Gautier Picot, Olivier Adam, M. Bergounioux, Hervé Glotin, François-Xavier Mayer","doi":"10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PASSIVE.2008.4786974","url":null,"abstract":"We automatically segmented a humpback whale song using the Roger Payne's principle of sound unit and we patterned and automatically classified intonations of sound units thanks to an unsupervised algorithm to describe recurrent patterns. We determined 6 different patterns of intonation. Some different sound units present the same pattern of intonation and one sound unit can be submitted to different patterns of intonation. Intonation could be related to information's transmission between humpback whales while they are singing.","PeriodicalId":153349,"journal":{"name":"2008 New Trends for Environmental Monitoring Using Passive Systems","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125106211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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