A new carbohydrate, agalloside ((2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6- methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5- triol) (1) was isolated from the flowers of Aquilaria agallocha. The structure was elucidated on the basis of physical and spectral analysis.
{"title":"A New Carbohydrate of Aquilaria Agallocha","authors":"Yang TL, Yeh HC, Li HT, Liu SL, Chen CY","doi":"10.33425/2689-1050.1049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2689-1050.1049","url":null,"abstract":"A new carbohydrate, agalloside ((2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6- methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5- triol) (1) was isolated from the flowers of Aquilaria agallocha. The structure was elucidated on the basis of physical and spectral analysis.","PeriodicalId":15344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new tetrahydrofuran, burmafuranic acid (1) was isolated from the mushroom supreme by Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume (Lauraceae). The structure of the new tetrahydrofuran was elucidated by chemical and physical evidence.
用肉桂(Cinnamomum burmannii; Nees &;)从香菇中分离到一种新的四氢呋喃——burmanuric酸(1)。布卢姆(樟科)。新的四氢呋喃的结构通过化学和物理证据得到了证实。
{"title":"A New Tetrahydrofuran of Cinnamomum Burmannii","authors":"Yang TL, Yeh HC, Li HT, Liu SL, Chen CY","doi":"10.33425/2689-1050.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2689-1050.1047","url":null,"abstract":"A new tetrahydrofuran, burmafuranic acid (1) was isolated from the mushroom supreme by Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume (Lauraceae). The structure of the new tetrahydrofuran was elucidated by chemical and physical evidence.","PeriodicalId":15344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TRAN THUY TIEN, Wang SJ, Yeh HC, Kao CL, Li HT, Li WJ, Liu SL, Chen CY
A benzoate, ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (1) was isolated from the stems of Synsepalum dulcificum Daniell (Sapotaceae). The structure of the benzoate was elucidated by chemical and physical evidence.
{"title":"A Benzoate of Synsepalum Dulcificum","authors":"TRAN THUY TIEN, Wang SJ, Yeh HC, Kao CL, Li HT, Li WJ, Liu SL, Chen CY","doi":"10.33425/2689-1050.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2689-1050.1048","url":null,"abstract":"A benzoate, ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (1) was isolated from the stems of Synsepalum dulcificum Daniell (Sapotaceae). The structure of the benzoate was elucidated by chemical and physical evidence.","PeriodicalId":15344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within the last ten years, recent advancements in nanotechnology and repurposed pharmaceutical development has led several successful therapeutics through clinical trials and subsequently onto the market. On the nanotechnology side, size, shape, charge, and formulation are all considered in improving the overall efficacy or delivery of the therapeutic. Nanoparticle therapies hit the market in the late 90’s when the FDA approved CosmoFer®, an iron sugar colloid that also saw use in the European market. While these early nano pharmaceuticals were primitive compared to today’s standards, these medications proved that a nanoparticulate therapeutic can and would be accepted by the FDA, albeit under much scrutiny. On the pharmaceutical side, older legend drugs that have been proved efficacious for many years are beginning to be repurposed for other uses. For example, Pfizer’s 2015 approval of Rapamune® (Rapamycin) is indicated for the treatment of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) a rare lung disease infecting mostly women in early adulthood. The drug, however, was first approved in 1999 and was used in the prophylaxis of organ rejection as an immunosuppressant. Another indication for Rapamycin is in age related diseases; a 2006 paper published by Dr. Blagosklonny at the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer center showed that Rapamycin could inhibit certain pathways that are related to aging. Many other medications on the market such as monoclonal antibody therapies have also seen a rise in new implication discovery and there is much evidence to suggest other drugs will be researched in the future for other alternative treatments. Because of such developments, pharmaceutical companies have tapped into the nanoparticle development world to find novel therapies for diseases we once thought were unavoidable. This is shown by the sheer expected market growth of about two billion dollars from 2021-2026, and the fifteen different nanoparticle-based therapeutics that have already been FDA approved since in just the last three years. Although the nanoparticle technology scope may seem to hover over novel cancer therapies, autoimmune disorders, blood borne diseases and neurological disorders, many therapies have come about in some interesting fields of study. One such therapeutic is called Arestin®, a new dentistry medication for the treatment of severe periodontitis, better known as gum disease. Gum disease is caused by poor oral hygiene and is attributed to various bacterial infections within the gum-line and if left untreated it can cause soft tissue damage or jawbone degradation. Typically, an antibiotic mouthwash or ultrasonic dental cleaner can be used to treat minor periodontitis but, in severe cases where there is significant gum-line recession, a more direct therapeutic is needed to treat the infection directly at the source. Arestin® is a nanoparticle formulation containing minocycline HCl impregnated within a bio-reabsorable polymer that is delivered direc
{"title":"Nano therapy Spotlight: Arestin™ Minocycline Microspheres","authors":"Drew Plemmons, KB Sneed, Yashwant Pathak","doi":"10.33425/2689-1050.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2689-1050.1046","url":null,"abstract":"Within the last ten years, recent advancements in nanotechnology and repurposed pharmaceutical development has led several successful therapeutics through clinical trials and subsequently onto the market. On the nanotechnology side, size, shape, charge, and formulation are all considered in improving the overall efficacy or delivery of the therapeutic. Nanoparticle therapies hit the market in the late 90’s when the FDA approved CosmoFer®, an iron sugar colloid that also saw use in the European market. While these early nano pharmaceuticals were primitive compared to today’s standards, these medications proved that a nanoparticulate therapeutic can and would be accepted by the FDA, albeit under much scrutiny. On the pharmaceutical side, older legend drugs that have been proved efficacious for many years are beginning to be repurposed for other uses. For example, Pfizer’s 2015 approval of Rapamune® (Rapamycin) is indicated for the treatment of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) a rare lung disease infecting mostly women in early adulthood. The drug, however, was first approved in 1999 and was used in the prophylaxis of organ rejection as an immunosuppressant. Another indication for Rapamycin is in age related diseases; a 2006 paper published by Dr. Blagosklonny at the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer center showed that Rapamycin could inhibit certain pathways that are related to aging. Many other medications on the market such as monoclonal antibody therapies have also seen a rise in new implication discovery and there is much evidence to suggest other drugs will be researched in the future for other alternative treatments. Because of such developments, pharmaceutical companies have tapped into the nanoparticle development world to find novel therapies for diseases we once thought were unavoidable. This is shown by the sheer expected market growth of about two billion dollars from 2021-2026, and the fifteen different nanoparticle-based therapeutics that have already been FDA approved since in just the last three years. Although the nanoparticle technology scope may seem to hover over novel cancer therapies, autoimmune disorders, blood borne diseases and neurological disorders, many therapies have come about in some interesting fields of study. One such therapeutic is called Arestin®, a new dentistry medication for the treatment of severe periodontitis, better known as gum disease. Gum disease is caused by poor oral hygiene and is attributed to various bacterial infections within the gum-line and if left untreated it can cause soft tissue damage or jawbone degradation. Typically, an antibiotic mouthwash or ultrasonic dental cleaner can be used to treat minor periodontitis but, in severe cases where there is significant gum-line recession, a more direct therapeutic is needed to treat the infection directly at the source. Arestin® is a nanoparticle formulation containing minocycline HCl impregnated within a bio-reabsorable polymer that is delivered direc","PeriodicalId":15344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wang SJ, Yeh HC, Kao CL, Li HT, Li WJ, Liu SL, Chen CY
Dexamethasone (DEX) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) are two corticosteroids as anti-inflammatory agents that have been used as an anti-inflammation in several diseases to protect against oxidative damage. The present study examined the anti?oxidant effect of DEX and TA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human retinol epithelium ARPE-19 cells. DEX and TA markedly inhibited the LPSinduced intracellular ROS level. DEX and TA also inhibited the expression of NADPH oxidase subunit gp91 and p22. Moreover, the expression of two antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and gammaglutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), were increased by DEX and TA treatment in LPS-treated ARPE-19 cells. These results indicate that DEX and TA inhibits the intracellular ROS response by blocking the NADPH oxidase pathway and may increase some antioxidant enzymes in LPS -induced ARPE-19 cells. Therefore, DEX and TA may be useful as antioxidant agents against oxidative damage in anti-inflammatory diseases.
{"title":"The Protection and Antioxidant Mechanisms of Corticosteroids in LPSTreated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells","authors":"Wang SJ, Yeh HC, Kao CL, Li HT, Li WJ, Liu SL, Chen CY","doi":"10.33425/2689-1050.1050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2689-1050.1050","url":null,"abstract":"Dexamethasone (DEX) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) are two corticosteroids as anti-inflammatory agents that have been used as an anti-inflammation in several diseases to protect against oxidative damage. The present study examined the anti?oxidant effect of DEX and TA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human retinol epithelium ARPE-19 cells. DEX and TA markedly inhibited the LPSinduced intracellular ROS level. DEX and TA also inhibited the expression of NADPH oxidase subunit gp91 and p22. Moreover, the expression of two antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and gammaglutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), were increased by DEX and TA treatment in LPS-treated ARPE-19 cells. These results indicate that DEX and TA inhibits the intracellular ROS response by blocking the NADPH oxidase pathway and may increase some antioxidant enzymes in LPS -induced ARPE-19 cells. Therefore, DEX and TA may be useful as antioxidant agents against oxidative damage in anti-inflammatory diseases.","PeriodicalId":15344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this manuscript we will examine the health policies unambiguously adopted by all the world governments for the containment and the fight against the pandemic by SARS-Cov-2, and document why the exclusive use of vaccinations for the prevention of contagion, is ineffective or even harmful, neglecting effective and safe alternative therapies. Looking back over the past and recent epidemiological history of infectious diseases, we realize that although there are still many contagious diseases, much more fearsome than SARS-Cov-2, never before in these two years have such restrictive health policies been imposed. While all other diseases, both infectious and degenerative, have been obscured or overshadowed, they continue to be the main causes of global death. The subject that dominates the scenes and the information is the COVID-19 that seems the unique object of the attentions of scientists, and of the obituaries of the mass media. In this desolating scenario that will see millions of forgotten people die for all the other diseases now neglected, strikes the total accomplice indifference and intellectual apathy of scientists, with very few exceptions, who suffer without discussing or raising the appropriate criticism, the repetitive information and the dominant unique thinking of health and political authorities. It’s incredible to see how many of those scientists and doctors who have helped to unravel and combat all the other diseases are now silent in the face of this incredible tragedy.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic Spread and Containment: Perspectives","authors":"B. Riccardi, S. Resta","doi":"10.33425/2689-1050.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2689-1050.1023","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript we will examine the health policies unambiguously adopted by all the world governments for the containment and the fight against the pandemic by SARS-Cov-2, and document why the exclusive use of vaccinations for the prevention of contagion, is ineffective or even harmful, neglecting effective and safe alternative therapies. Looking back over the past and recent epidemiological history of infectious diseases, we realize that although there are still many contagious diseases, much more fearsome than SARS-Cov-2, never before in these two years have such restrictive health policies been imposed. While all other diseases, both infectious and degenerative, have been obscured or overshadowed, they continue to be the main causes of global death. The subject that dominates the scenes and the information is the COVID-19 that seems the unique object of the attentions of scientists, and of the obituaries of the mass media. In this desolating scenario that will see millions of forgotten people die for all the other diseases now neglected, strikes the total accomplice indifference and intellectual apathy of scientists, with very few exceptions, who suffer without discussing or raising the appropriate criticism, the repetitive information and the dominant unique thinking of health and political authorities. It’s incredible to see how many of those scientists and doctors who have helped to unravel and combat all the other diseases are now silent in the face of this incredible tragedy.","PeriodicalId":15344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85865572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Scientific understanding of precision medicine is rapidly evolving as new associations are made between genetic variants and tolerance to pharmaceuticals [1]. Although pharmacogenetic testing and guidelines exist for many medications, there is limited clinical application of these technologies in part due to limitations of the evidence supporting its use in psychiatric treatment as well as lack of awareness by providers and patients [2]. This narrative literature review aims to assess and summarize the past decade of research in the field of psychiatric pharmacogenetics. Specifically, it will focus on the relationship between antidepressant/antipsychotic drug responses and polymorphisms in nine commonly studied genes: CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, SLC6A4, HTR2A, and DRD2. Methods: Literature from PubMed and Embase that was published between the years 2010 and 2020 was found using strategic keywords and search phrases. Each study represented was a randomized controlled trial or clinical trial tested in adults over the age of eighteen. Results: Of the six CYP450 enzymes that were evaluated, all displayed impacts on the metabolism of psychiatric drugs except CYP3A4, although only one polymorphism (*1B) was included in analysis of that particular gene. Inconclusive results were discovered regarding SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms and further review should be done to determine its relationship with SSRI response. Additionally, review of literature pertaining to DRD2 showed unsubstantial evidence, as four out of seven articles found no connection between treatment or adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with DRD2. In contrast, influential findings were documented by literature concerning HTR2A polymorphisms and therapeutic consequences and the evidence collected on benefits of pharmacogenomic testing supports the implementation of testing to guide psychiatric treatment with confidence that use may result in fewer failed trials prior to response or remission. Conclusion: Many polymorphic mutations have a significant impact on individual responses to psychiatric treatment and implementation of pharmacogenomic testing in a clinic setting may be beneficial to psychiatric patients. Further review of polymorphic relationships should be done, especially in the case of SLC6A4 and DRD2 variations.
{"title":"Applications of Precision Medicine in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Literature Review","authors":"H. Hare, K. Sneed, Y. Pathak","doi":"10.33425/2689-1050.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2689-1050.1020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Scientific understanding of precision medicine is rapidly evolving as new associations are made between genetic variants and tolerance to pharmaceuticals [1]. Although pharmacogenetic testing and guidelines exist for many medications, there is limited clinical application of these technologies in part due to limitations of the evidence supporting its use in psychiatric treatment as well as lack of awareness by providers and patients [2]. This narrative literature review aims to assess and summarize the past decade of research in the field of psychiatric pharmacogenetics. Specifically, it will focus on the relationship between antidepressant/antipsychotic drug responses and polymorphisms in nine commonly studied genes: CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, SLC6A4, HTR2A, and DRD2. Methods: Literature from PubMed and Embase that was published between the years 2010 and 2020 was found using strategic keywords and search phrases. Each study represented was a randomized controlled trial or clinical trial tested in adults over the age of eighteen. Results: Of the six CYP450 enzymes that were evaluated, all displayed impacts on the metabolism of psychiatric drugs except CYP3A4, although only one polymorphism (*1B) was included in analysis of that particular gene. Inconclusive results were discovered regarding SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms and further review should be done to determine its relationship with SSRI response. Additionally, review of literature pertaining to DRD2 showed unsubstantial evidence, as four out of seven articles found no connection between treatment or adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with DRD2. In contrast, influential findings were documented by literature concerning HTR2A polymorphisms and therapeutic consequences and the evidence collected on benefits of pharmacogenomic testing supports the implementation of testing to guide psychiatric treatment with confidence that use may result in fewer failed trials prior to response or remission. Conclusion: Many polymorphic mutations have a significant impact on individual responses to psychiatric treatment and implementation of pharmacogenomic testing in a clinic setting may be beneficial to psychiatric patients. Further review of polymorphic relationships should be done, especially in the case of SLC6A4 and DRD2 variations.","PeriodicalId":15344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90715535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Udo-Affah, K. Obeten, A. O. Adewale, Ajaba A. Okim
This study was aimed at determining the effect of aqueous seed extract of Parkia biglobosa on the histology of the epidydimis of male wistar rats was studied. Twenty-one adult wistar rats weighing about 90-120g were use for this research work and were divided into three groups of 7 animals each. The control group was giving normal rat feed and water, the low dose group was administered (300mg/kgBw) of Parkia biglobosa extract and the high dose group was administered (500mg/kg) of the test substance. All extract were given daily by oral gavage method for thirty-one days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the animals in all the groups were sacrificed using cervical dislocation. The epidydimis were harvested, preserved, and fix in 10% buffer formalin and processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining methods for glycogen distribution. The result of the study shows a (P<0.05) significant increase in the final body weight of the treated animals when compared with their initial body weight. The histological observation showed normal cytoarchitecture of the epididymis in the Control group. There was observable pathological appearance in the epididymis of the low dose group. However, there were prominent distortions in the high dose animals that received 500mg/kgBw of the extract. Histochemical observation shows a moderate PAS staining in the control group. While the treated groups reveals mildly stained cytoarchitechture of the epididymis.
{"title":"Studies on the Effect of Aqueous Seed Extracts of Parkia Biglobosa on The Histology and Glycogen Profile of The Epididymis of Wistar Rats","authors":"G. Udo-Affah, K. Obeten, A. O. Adewale, Ajaba A. Okim","doi":"10.33425/2689-1050.1017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2689-1050.1017","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at determining the effect of aqueous seed extract of Parkia biglobosa on the histology of the epidydimis of male wistar rats was studied. Twenty-one adult wistar rats weighing about 90-120g were use for this research work and were divided into three groups of 7 animals each. The control group was giving normal rat feed and water, the low dose group was administered (300mg/kgBw) of Parkia biglobosa extract and the high dose group was administered (500mg/kg) of the test substance. All extract were given daily by oral gavage method for thirty-one days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the animals in all the groups were sacrificed using cervical dislocation. The epidydimis were harvested, preserved, and fix in 10% buffer formalin and processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining methods for glycogen distribution. The result of the study shows a (P<0.05) significant increase in the final body weight of the treated animals when compared with their initial body weight. The histological observation showed normal cytoarchitecture of the epididymis in the Control group. There was observable pathological appearance in the epididymis of the low dose group. However, there were prominent distortions in the high dose animals that received 500mg/kgBw of the extract. Histochemical observation shows a moderate PAS staining in the control group. While the treated groups reveals mildly stained cytoarchitechture of the epididymis.","PeriodicalId":15344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89601647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug addiction has become a worldwide problem and the leading cause of death. The global problem of addiction and drug abuse is responsible for hundreds of deaths every year. It affects not only individual users, but also their families and communities. The current study, presents the fatality of some cases caused by the complications brought about the presence of methamphetamine and other abused drugs. It has been a drug of abuse in the past and is still gaining popularity as a recreational drug because of its much longer excitatory duration of more than three hours and its biotransformation to amphetamine, the active metabolite. In present postmortem cases methamphetamine and other combined drugs have issue in cardiac major health problems and poisoning-related deaths. Many postmortem cases found positive to methamphetamine and amphetamine or combined with other drugs include different narcotics/ stimulants drugs such as : benzodiazepines, THC, opium, and lyrica. The toxic effects of methamphetamine can explain increasing reports of heart failure and consequently death in young abusers. As this recognition may prove to be of some forensic value to clarify the death in methamphetamine abusers.
{"title":"Toxicological Aspect of Fatal Methamphetamine","authors":"M. Alqallaf","doi":"10.33425/2689-1050.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2689-1050.1016","url":null,"abstract":"Drug addiction has become a worldwide problem and the leading cause of death. The global problem of addiction and drug abuse is responsible for hundreds of deaths every year. It affects not only individual users, but also their families and communities. The current study, presents the fatality of some cases caused by the complications brought about the presence of methamphetamine and other abused drugs. It has been a drug of abuse in the past and is still gaining popularity as a recreational drug because of its much longer excitatory duration of more than three hours and its biotransformation to amphetamine, the active metabolite. In present postmortem cases methamphetamine and other combined drugs have issue in cardiac major health problems and poisoning-related deaths. Many postmortem cases found positive to methamphetamine and amphetamine or combined with other drugs include different narcotics/ stimulants drugs such as : benzodiazepines, THC, opium, and lyrica. The toxic effects of methamphetamine can explain increasing reports of heart failure and consequently death in young abusers. As this recognition may prove to be of some forensic value to clarify the death in methamphetamine abusers.","PeriodicalId":15344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81702996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nafisa Siddig Hassan Abdulrahman, Mazin Yousif Babiker Alsafi
Background: Neurotrophin family combines nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (N3) and neurotrophin 4 (N4). p75 receptor is the target for these neurotrophins. They bind to it by tropomyosin related kinase enzyme Trk with different affinity. Trk enzyme is classified into TrkA, TrkB and TrkC with different selectivity to neurotrophins family. NGF signals preferentially through TrkA, BNDF and N4 through TrkB, and N3 through TrkC. These neurotrophins have been found to be involved in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Material and Method: Molecular docking approach was used to conduct this study. Prior to start docking procedure, some modifications were made including removal of water from the receptor, application of energy minimization and Lipinski rule of five to the ligands. Toxicity studies, p-glycoprotein and human intestinal absorption were studied for the docked ligands. Result: 28 ligands of FDA approved drugs and 72 non-FDA approved ligands have shown high affinity to TrkA enzyme with different energies and hence are possible to be active against neuropathic pain. These 28 ligands of FDA approved drugs and 72 ligands of non-FDA approved drugs have declined to 10 ligands and 2 ligands respectively after studying toxicity, p-glycoprotein substrate, human intestinal absorption and hepatotoxicity. The least energy was consumed was -40.8985 by the FDA-approved drug N-Hydroxy-N'-phenyloctanediamide. Conclusion: The docked ligands were assumed to possess therapeutic activity against neuropathic pain based on their affinity to TrkA enzyme.
{"title":"Discovery of Novel Analgesic Agents Targeting Neuropathic Pain: Computer-Aided Drug Design","authors":"Nafisa Siddig Hassan Abdulrahman, Mazin Yousif Babiker Alsafi","doi":"10.33425/2689-1050.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2689-1050.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neurotrophin family combines nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (N3) and neurotrophin 4 (N4). p75 receptor is the target for these neurotrophins. They bind to it by tropomyosin related kinase enzyme Trk with different affinity. Trk enzyme is classified into TrkA, TrkB and TrkC with different selectivity to neurotrophins family. NGF signals preferentially through TrkA, BNDF and N4 through TrkB, and N3 through TrkC. These neurotrophins have been found to be involved in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Material and Method: Molecular docking approach was used to conduct this study. Prior to start docking procedure, some modifications were made including removal of water from the receptor, application of energy minimization and Lipinski rule of five to the ligands. Toxicity studies, p-glycoprotein and human intestinal absorption were studied for the docked ligands. Result: 28 ligands of FDA approved drugs and 72 non-FDA approved ligands have shown high affinity to TrkA enzyme with different energies and hence are possible to be active against neuropathic pain. These 28 ligands of FDA approved drugs and 72 ligands of non-FDA approved drugs have declined to 10 ligands and 2 ligands respectively after studying toxicity, p-glycoprotein substrate, human intestinal absorption and hepatotoxicity. The least energy was consumed was -40.8985 by the FDA-approved drug N-Hydroxy-N'-phenyloctanediamide. Conclusion: The docked ligands were assumed to possess therapeutic activity against neuropathic pain based on their affinity to TrkA enzyme.","PeriodicalId":15344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research","volume":"66 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91482777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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