Journal of Clinical Psychology最新文献

Objectives: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a cognitive vulnerability factor that plays a role in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Most research has looked at IU at an omnibus level. This paper aimed to investigate the two dimensions of IU, prospective and inhibitory IU, and their relation to overall OCD symptom severity, as well as the severity of obsessions and compulsions.

Method: Fifty-nine individuals with OCD completed measures of OCD symptom severity and IU at pre- and post- group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Results: IU and OCD symptoms, and their dimensions, all reduced over the CBT treatment. At the start of treatment, only prospective IU was associated with compulsion symptom severity. In contrast, at the end of treatment, prospective and inhibitory IU were associated with compulsion symptom severity, and inhibitory IU was associated with obsession symptom severity. Baseline IU, prospective and inhibitory IU were not associated with post OCD symptom severity scores, when controlling for pre-treatment OCD severity levels. Change in prospective IU was associated with changes in OCD symptom severity, and change in compulsions, but not change in obsessions. The results cannot speak to causal or temporal predictions, or directionality of the relationship between IU and OCD.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the dynamic relationship between the IU dimensions and OCD symptoms, and highlights prospective IU as a potential important target in CBT for OCD to achieve reductions in compulsions and overall OCD symptom severity.

Objective: The present study aimed to translate and validate the French version of the Pain Resilience Scale (PRS) that was initially created and validated within English-speaking populations.

Methods: A total of 137 participants experiencing chronic pain completed the French version of the PRS and other questionnaires commonly used to evaluate resilience or vulnerability towards pain. Of these, 71 participants successfully retook the PRS measure within 15 days of their initial participation. A principal component analysis was employed to evaluate the internal structure of the questionnaire. Following classical test theory, internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability were checked for the chosen model. Lastly, an item response theory analysis (IRT) was conducted for the 2 PRS dimensions. Factor analyses identified a two-factor solution consistent to the original English version of the PRS.

Results: The findings demonstrated that the scale's internal consistency and test-retest reliability meet the requirements for classical psychometric qualities. The overall PRS score and its subscales showed good convergent validity with measures assessing resilience or vulnerability processes to pain. IRT results highlighted difficulties with some items on each of the 2 dimensions that complement the results of the previous classical analyses.

Conclusions: The French version of the PRS scale is a reliable tool for measuring pain-specific resilience toward persistent pain.

The relationship between misophonia and sleep-related problems (SRPs) in youth is underexplored. This paucity of research is concerning because SRPs might be elevated among youth with misophonia. If left untreated, SRPs can contribute to long-term health consequences. Thus, in this study we examined the link between misophonia and SRPs in youth aged 8 to 17. In this study, we compared SRPs in 102 children and adolescents with clinically significant misophonia to SRPs in a normative youth sample and a sample of 94 youth with anxiety disorders. We also examined the extent to which SRPs were associated with misophonia severity. Approximately 30% of youth with misophonia endorsed clinical levels of SRPs. SRPs were more prevalent in youth with misophonia compared to normative data from the general youth population (d = 1.22) and similar to SRPs in youth with anxiety disorders (d = 0.13). Youth with more severe misophonia symptoms had greater difficulties with SRPs and this association was attenuated but still significant when adjusting for gender, age, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In this study, we provided the first evidence of substantial issues with SRPs in youth with misophonia. Importantly, there was a moderate association between misophonia severity and SRPs, indicating that SRPs should be carefully assessed and potentially addressed in treatment for youth with misophonia. We discussed suggestions for clinical practice and future research.

Mentalization-based therapy for adolescents (MBT-A) is a treatment modality with an evidence base for young people struggling with borderline personality disorder, depression, and self-harm. Recently, several innovations to MBT-A have been described to expand its utility to new populations. In this paper, we first describe the basic structure of MBT-A and its interventions. Second, we describe developmental considerations of working with adolescents. Third, we describe recent innovations to MBT-A which expand its utility to new populations: (1) nosological reform toward a dimensional model of psychopathology, (2) mentalizing as a transdiagnostic factor for all adolescents receiving psychotherapy regardless of specific disorder or treatment modality, and (3) an explicit focus on the social context of the adolescent outside of the therapy room. We use case material to demonstrate the basic MBT-A structure and highlight the recent innovations which expand its utility.

As the prevalence of anxiety disorders increases, there is rising interest in factors that protect against and alleviate anxiety. One such factor is hope, or the positive expectancy of utilizing pathways and agency to accomplish one′s goals. The present study is a Meta-analytic review of literature examining associations between hope and anxiety in its various forms. The primary aim was to determine if greater hope was associated with lower anxiety cross-sectionally, longitudinally, and across diagnostic boundaries. A comprehensive literature review identified 129 studies with 155 unique effect sizes (ES) that met eligibility criteria, 102 (108 unique ES) of which examined the cross-sectional relationship between hope and trait anxiety (n = 31,514). The weighted, standardized mean ESr (−0.36, 95% CI [−0.38, −0.32]) reflected a moderate inverse relationship, while the longitudinal ES (k = 11) was slightly weaker (r = −0.27, 95% CI [−0.38, −0.17]. Mean ESs for the relationships between hope and disorder-specific anxiety were comparable in strength; the largest effect was seen between hope and social anxiety disorder. Moderator analysis indicated that the cross-sectional relationship between hope and trait anxiety was not impacted by sample type, but not by gender or age group. This systematic review demonstrates that hope is prospectively and cross-sectionally associated with lower levels of trait-level anxiety. In addition to being a robust predictor of lower trait anxiety, hope is associated with less disorder-specific anxiety. These findings indicate that hope is an impactful source of resilience that could be targeted in interventions for anxiety.