Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000379
Ohad Gabay, A. Talmon, E. Tsumi, C. Bartal
We report a case series of recovery from severe visual impairment due to methanol intoxication following treatment with fomepizol and prompt hemodialysis. Three adult males presented to our hospital few hours after unintended methanol intoxication. All patients reported weakness and dizziness, two of them suffered visual impairment with visual acuity loss and one of them presented complete blindness and unresponsive dilated pupils. Fundoscopy examination revealed edema of the disk margin. Their laboratory findings included severe high anion gap metabolic acidosis with elevated osmolar gap and methanol levels. All three patients were treated with fomepizole, folic acid IV, and 2-3 sessions of hemodialysis four hours each. The first session of dialysis was performed about 16 h after the methanol ingestion. They all exhibited a full recovery including the patient with the blindness who reported normal vision 20/20 with normal fundoscopic examination on discharge at the fifth day of hospitalization. This case report confirms the effectiveness of the combined treatment based on early dialysis with fomepizol in reversing the retinal impairment in methanol intoxication. The reversibility of retinal end organ damage demonstrated here raises doubts about the common thought regarding the poor outcome of methanol induced retinal end organ damage.
{"title":"Reversal of Severe Methanol Induced Visual Impairment Due to Prompt Hemodialysis","authors":"Ohad Gabay, A. Talmon, E. Tsumi, C. Bartal","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000379","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case series of recovery from severe visual impairment due to methanol intoxication following treatment with fomepizol and prompt hemodialysis. Three adult males presented to our hospital few hours after unintended methanol intoxication. All patients reported weakness and dizziness, two of them suffered visual impairment with visual acuity loss and one of them presented complete blindness and unresponsive dilated pupils. Fundoscopy examination revealed edema of the disk margin. Their laboratory findings included severe high anion gap metabolic acidosis with elevated osmolar gap and methanol levels. All three patients were treated with fomepizole, folic acid IV, and 2-3 sessions of hemodialysis four hours each. The first session of dialysis was performed about 16 h after the methanol ingestion. They all exhibited a full recovery including the patient with the blindness who reported normal vision 20/20 with normal fundoscopic examination on discharge at the fifth day of hospitalization. This case report confirms the effectiveness of the combined treatment based on early dialysis with fomepizol in reversing the retinal impairment in methanol intoxication. The reversibility of retinal end organ damage demonstrated here raises doubts about the common thought regarding the poor outcome of methanol induced retinal end organ damage.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"81 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76011736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000375
Nikita Saraswat, P. Wal
Carbofuran is a carbamate pesticide used in fields for promoting crop yield as it cuts down the expectancy of pests. It has been contaminating water in the nearby water sources which ultimately drained into water supply of towns and villages. It is a pollutant and is hazardous if consumed directly. We have conducted sub-acute and sub chronic toxicity studies on wistar rat for studying neurobehavioral effects using carbofuran as the key toxicant. The sub-acute studies were carried out daily dosing and experimenting toxicity studies on 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days of study and the sub chronic studies were carried out on giving repeated doses for 90 days and studying the toxic effects. The dose was administered in subsequent groups as 1 mg/kg b.wt, 2.5 mg/kg b.wt, 5 mg/kg b.wt dissolved in olive oil respectively. A control group of animal receiving saline was also established to compare the results and evaluate a clear outcome of the effects and toxicities. The neurobehavioral tests were performed using grip strength test, rota rod test, pain threshold, water consumption evaluation and weight evaluation were monitored during the course of experiment. So as to understand the behavior patterns exhibited by the Wistar rats during the course of experiment in comparison to the control group and the treated groups. The extent of damage was being evaluated by studying various doses of the pesticide and three groups were divided which were administered three different doses of Carbofuran drug at different concentrations.
{"title":"Sub Chronic and Sub-acute Toxicity Studies of Carbofuranon in Wistar Rat: Application to Neurobehavioral Evaluation","authors":"Nikita Saraswat, P. Wal","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000375","url":null,"abstract":"Carbofuran is a carbamate pesticide used in fields for promoting crop yield as it cuts down the expectancy of pests. It has been contaminating water in the nearby water sources which ultimately drained into water supply of towns and villages. It is a pollutant and is hazardous if consumed directly. We have conducted sub-acute and sub chronic toxicity studies on wistar rat for studying neurobehavioral effects using carbofuran as the key toxicant. The sub-acute studies were carried out daily dosing and experimenting toxicity studies on 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days of study and the sub chronic studies were carried out on giving repeated doses for 90 days and studying the toxic effects. The dose was administered in subsequent groups as 1 mg/kg b.wt, 2.5 mg/kg b.wt, 5 mg/kg b.wt dissolved in olive oil respectively. A control group of animal receiving saline was also established to compare the results and evaluate a clear outcome of the effects and toxicities. The neurobehavioral tests were performed using grip strength test, rota rod test, pain threshold, water consumption evaluation and weight evaluation were monitored during the course of experiment. So as to understand the behavior patterns exhibited by the Wistar rats during the course of experiment in comparison to the control group and the treated groups. The extent of damage was being evaluated by studying various doses of the pesticide and three groups were divided which were administered three different doses of Carbofuran drug at different concentrations.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75348407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000372
M. Ahmed, M. Haile, E. Tegene
A poison is any substance that is harmful to the body when ingested, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through skin. Poisonings are either intentional or accidental. According to World Health Organization data, in 2004 Estimated 346,000 people died worldwide from unintentional poisoning. Epidemiological Data on this important health issues are scarce in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the pattern of poisonings and the approaches employed for the management of poisoning and outcomes of poisoning cases in Jimma University specialized hospital. A facility based cross sectional retrospective data analysis was done. The reviewed data includes patient’s medical record and additional laboratory data sets from January, 2010 to December 31, 2015. Majority of patients 186 (78.9%) were in the age group between 12-30 years and females were more affected (65.4%). The commonest poisoning agents used were household cleaning agents (40.4%) followed by Organophosphates (24%). Most cases (76.7%) were intentional exposures and most patients (96.1%) presented to hospital in the first 24 h and psychiatric referral was made for 49.8% of patients. Supportive cares and GI decontamination were the approaches employed for management. Intentional exposure accounted for the majority of cases. Linkage of patients with suicidal attempts to appropriate mental health service should be improved.
{"title":"Prevalence and Patterns of Poisoning Cases among Patients Presented to Jimma University Specialized Hospital: A Five Years Retrospective Data Analysis","authors":"M. Ahmed, M. Haile, E. Tegene","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000372","url":null,"abstract":"A poison is any substance that is harmful to the body when ingested, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through skin. Poisonings are either intentional or accidental. According to World Health Organization data, in 2004 Estimated 346,000 people died worldwide from unintentional poisoning. Epidemiological Data on this important health issues are scarce in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the pattern of poisonings and the approaches employed for the management of poisoning and outcomes of poisoning cases in Jimma University specialized hospital. A facility based cross sectional retrospective data analysis was done. The reviewed data includes patient’s medical record and additional laboratory data sets from January, 2010 to December 31, 2015. Majority of patients 186 (78.9%) were in the age group between 12-30 years and females were more affected (65.4%). The commonest poisoning agents used were household cleaning agents (40.4%) followed by Organophosphates (24%). Most cases (76.7%) were intentional exposures and most patients (96.1%) presented to hospital in the first 24 h and psychiatric referral was made for 49.8% of patients. Supportive cares and GI decontamination were the approaches employed for management. Intentional exposure accounted for the majority of cases. Linkage of patients with suicidal attempts to appropriate mental health service should be improved.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75366027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000385
Mónica Reynoso Silva, C. Moya, Alex Leon, R. R. Velasco, A. Flores
Genotoxic activity of various concentrations of saccharin, acesulfame-K, aspartame-acesulfame-K and stevia in their commercial form was assessed. Human lymphocytes were exposed to different concentrations of saccharin, acesulfame-K, aspartame-acesulfame-K and stevia for 2 h and then subjected to alkaline comet assay system. Saccharin and the aspartame-acesulfame-K combination showed significant genotoxic activity (P<0.0001). Concentrations 0.5% of acesulfame-K and stevia did not induce significant genetic damage particularly stevia possesses antigenotoxic activity at 5%, 0.5% and 0.05%. Saccharin and the combination of aspartame-acesulfame- K have genotoxic activity and represent a genetic risk for consumers. Acesulfame-K and stevia are harmless and stevia even possesses antigenotoxic activity at concentrations below 5%.
{"title":"Genotoxic Activity of Saccharin, Acesulfame-K, Stevia and Aspartame-Acesulfame-K in Commercial Form","authors":"Mónica Reynoso Silva, C. Moya, Alex Leon, R. R. Velasco, A. Flores","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000385","url":null,"abstract":"Genotoxic activity of various concentrations of saccharin, acesulfame-K, aspartame-acesulfame-K and stevia in their commercial form was assessed. Human lymphocytes were exposed to different concentrations of saccharin, acesulfame-K, aspartame-acesulfame-K and stevia for 2 h and then subjected to alkaline comet assay system. Saccharin and the aspartame-acesulfame-K combination showed significant genotoxic activity (P<0.0001). Concentrations 0.5% of acesulfame-K and stevia did not induce significant genetic damage particularly stevia possesses antigenotoxic activity at 5%, 0.5% and 0.05%. Saccharin and the combination of aspartame-acesulfame- K have genotoxic activity and represent a genetic risk for consumers. Acesulfame-K and stevia are harmless and stevia even possesses antigenotoxic activity at concentrations below 5%.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87252859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-04DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000368
Adam Thomas, Daniel Ovakim, H. Kanji, L. Dewar, Gordon N. Finlayson
Adam Thomas1, Daniel Ovakim1, Hussein Kanji1, Leith Dewar1 and Gordon Finlayson2* 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada 2Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, CCM Fellowship Program Director, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada *Corresponding author: Gordon Finlayson, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, CCM Fellowship Program Director, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada, Tel: 604-875-4304; Email: Gordon.Finlayson@vch.ca
Adam Thomas1, Daniel Ovakim1, Hussein Kanji1, Leith Dewar1, Gordon Finlayson2* 1加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学急诊科2加拿大温哥华总医院重症医学科麻醉科，CCM奖学金项目主任，温哥华总医院重症医学科麻醉科，Gordon Finlayson，加拿大温哥华，电话:604-875-4304;电子邮件:Gordon.Finlayson@vch.ca
{"title":"Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy and VA-ECMO rescue therapy for Massive Venlafaxine and Clonazepam Overdose","authors":"Adam Thomas, Daniel Ovakim, H. Kanji, L. Dewar, Gordon N. Finlayson","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000368","url":null,"abstract":"Adam Thomas1, Daniel Ovakim1, Hussein Kanji1, Leith Dewar1 and Gordon Finlayson2* 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada 2Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, CCM Fellowship Program Director, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada *Corresponding author: Gordon Finlayson, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, CCM Fellowship Program Director, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada, Tel: 604-875-4304; Email: Gordon.Finlayson@vch.ca","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80841180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-24DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000367
Tekuh Achu Kingsley, A. Dieudonné, Yinyang Jacques
Introduction: A cross sectional study was carry out on the necessity of creating a poison control center in Cameroon, by evaluating the knowledge and perception of health care professionals in the Laquintinie hospital and the Bonassama District hospital in Douala, based on a 2 years (2014 to 2015) record files reviewed of poison victims. Materials: A4 white sheets, Respiratory mask, Disposable gloves, A data analyzing tool (Microsoft Excel 2010), ruler and pens, Questionnaire. Method: A Questionnaire was used in data collection to access the knowledge of health care professionals on poisoning and poison control center in regard to proper poison management (group I). To further evaluate group I, a 2 years poison victims files (records) were reviewed at the level of the emergency and paediatric units. The data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and the results were displaced on frequency tables, and in percentages and figures. Results: The perception and knowledge of the 66 Health care professionals accessed in the study; revealed that none of the participants had a formal training on poison management and none of the hospitals involved, had established poison management guidelines. 23,182 patients’ files were reviewed; of which 245 files were recorded as poison victims: 62% (152) as voluntary, 38% (93) as involuntary, 4% (10) death case recorded inclusive; with a prevalence of 1% been observed for poisoning from the sorted hospitals. Conclusion: The relative low knowledge of health care professionals on poisoning and the absence of poison management guidelines in hospitals still make poison management in Cameroon a complex issue. Cameroon is therefore highly in need for policies on poison management.
{"title":"Evaluating the Necessity of a Poison Control Center in Cameroon: The Knowledge and Perception of Health Care Professionals in the Laquintinie Hospital and the Bonassama District Hospital in Douala","authors":"Tekuh Achu Kingsley, A. Dieudonné, Yinyang Jacques","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000367","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A cross sectional study was carry out on the necessity of creating a poison control center in Cameroon, by evaluating the knowledge and perception of health care professionals in the Laquintinie hospital and the Bonassama District hospital in Douala, based on a 2 years (2014 to 2015) record files reviewed of poison victims. \u0000Materials: A4 white sheets, Respiratory mask, Disposable gloves, A data analyzing tool (Microsoft Excel 2010), ruler and pens, Questionnaire. \u0000Method: A Questionnaire was used in data collection to access the knowledge of health care professionals on poisoning and poison control center in regard to proper poison management (group I). To further evaluate group I, a 2 years poison victims files (records) were reviewed at the level of the emergency and paediatric units. The data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and the results were displaced on frequency tables, and in percentages and figures. \u0000Results: The perception and knowledge of the 66 Health care professionals accessed in the study; revealed that none of the participants had a formal training on poison management and none of the hospitals involved, had established poison management guidelines. 23,182 patients’ files were reviewed; of which 245 files were recorded as poison victims: 62% (152) as voluntary, 38% (93) as involuntary, 4% (10) death case recorded inclusive; with a prevalence of 1% been observed for poisoning from the sorted hospitals. \u0000Conclusion: The relative low knowledge of health care professionals on poisoning and the absence of poison management guidelines in hospitals still make poison management in Cameroon a complex issue. Cameroon is therefore highly in need for policies on poison management.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"136 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86644533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-10DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000366
R. Hussien, M. Elguindy
Background: Tramadol is opioid analgesic which acts on the central nervous system. Most of clinicians may not routinely consider naloxone for tramadol cases because of risks of inducing seizures. This study aims to evaluate the effect of naloxone in the prognosis of patients with tramadol intoxication and its role in inducing seizures. Methods: This study included both prospective and retrospective studies. The prospective study involved 30 patients with tramadol intoxication admitted to the poison control center during the year of 2015 who received naloxone while the retrospective study involved 30 patients with tramadol intoxication admitted to the poison control center during the years of 2011-2012 who didn't receive naloxone. Results: The studied patients were in the age 16-60 years range with male predominance (75%). Most of patients (65%) were tramadol addict. The mean delay time was 3.32 ± 1.50 hours while the dose of ingested tramadol among studied patients was 1439.29 ± 804.49 mg. The most common symptom on admission among studied patients was sweating (66.7%), cyanosis (61.7%) and bradypnea (60%). The seizure was significantly lower in naloxone group (6.6%) when compared with the non naloxone group (50%). Death occurred in 23.3% of the non naloxone group and only 3.3% of naloxone group. Conclusion: The incidence of seizure was lower in patients with tramadol toxicity who given naloxone which means that naloxone not precipitate seizure in patients with tramadol toxicity as what was thought by the majority of previous studies.
{"title":"Assessment of the Role of Naloxone in the Prognosis of Tramadol Intoxicated Patients","authors":"R. Hussien, M. Elguindy","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000366","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tramadol is opioid analgesic which acts on the central nervous system. Most of clinicians may not routinely consider naloxone for tramadol cases because of risks of inducing seizures. \u0000This study aims to evaluate the effect of naloxone in the prognosis of patients with tramadol intoxication and its role in inducing seizures. \u0000Methods: This study included both prospective and retrospective studies. The prospective study involved 30 patients with tramadol intoxication admitted to the poison control center during the year of 2015 who received naloxone while the retrospective study involved 30 patients with tramadol intoxication admitted to the poison control center during the years of 2011-2012 who didn't receive naloxone. \u0000Results: The studied patients were in the age 16-60 years range with male predominance (75%). Most of patients (65%) were tramadol addict. The mean delay time was 3.32 ± 1.50 hours while the dose of ingested tramadol among studied patients was 1439.29 ± 804.49 mg. The most common symptom on admission among studied patients was sweating (66.7%), cyanosis (61.7%) and bradypnea (60%). The seizure was significantly lower in naloxone group (6.6%) when compared with the non naloxone group (50%). Death occurred in 23.3% of the non naloxone group and only 3.3% of naloxone group. \u0000Conclusion: The incidence of seizure was lower in patients with tramadol toxicity who given naloxone which means that naloxone not precipitate seizure in patients with tramadol toxicity as what was thought by the majority of previous studies.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75446490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-31DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000360
Lucas Aless, Ro, Leah Wibecan, Á. Cammarota, Francisco J Varela
Lupinus mutabilis (LM) is a widespread species of lupin whose bean is consumed not only for its high caloric value but also as a homeopathic medicine, used for a diverse range of presumed clinical properties, including as an analgesic and an antidiabetic. The properties of lupine alkaloids are responsible for their anticholinergic toxicity in both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system (CNS). As this syndrome may vary in severity, lupinus toxicity should be suspected in patients with isolated symptoms as well, such as hyporeactive mydriasis. We present a case of a 48-year-old male patient presented to emergency department complaining about blurred vision, dizziness and palpitations. Physical examination only reveal hyporeactive mydriasis. Urine drug screening was negative and labs were otherwise within normal ranges. Brain Computed Tomography did not identify any abnormality. During the examination patient admitted that he was taking homeopathic medication for his osteoarthritis pain that contains high amounts of LM. He received hydration with parenteral saline while maintaining an adequate diuretic rhythm. Twelve hours later, his mydriasis had completely resolved. Clinicians should consider the possibility of LM toxicity in cases of pupillary abnormalities without any clear alternative explanation.
{"title":"Pupillary Disorders in the Emergency Room: Lupinus mutabilis Intoxication","authors":"Lucas Aless, Ro, Leah Wibecan, Á. Cammarota, Francisco J Varela","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000360","url":null,"abstract":"Lupinus mutabilis (LM) is a widespread species of lupin whose bean is consumed not only for its high caloric value but also as a homeopathic medicine, used for a diverse range of presumed clinical properties, including as an analgesic and an antidiabetic. The properties of lupine alkaloids are responsible for their anticholinergic toxicity in both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system (CNS). As this syndrome may vary in severity, lupinus toxicity should be suspected in patients with isolated symptoms as well, such as hyporeactive mydriasis. \u0000We present a case of a 48-year-old male patient presented to emergency department complaining about blurred vision, dizziness and palpitations. Physical examination only reveal hyporeactive mydriasis. Urine drug screening was negative and labs were otherwise within normal ranges. Brain Computed Tomography did not identify any abnormality. During the examination patient admitted that he was taking homeopathic medication for his osteoarthritis pain that contains high amounts of LM. He received hydration with parenteral saline while maintaining an adequate diuretic rhythm. Twelve hours later, his mydriasis had completely resolved. Clinicians should consider the possibility of LM toxicity in cases of pupillary abnormalities without any clear alternative explanation.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87478733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-28DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000359
Cristina Flores, Neema Adhami, M. Martins-Green
Background: Hepatic steatosis results from the increase of accumulation of lipids in the liver, decrease of beta fatty acid oxidation and/or decrease in the export to peripheral tissue by apolipoproteins. Previously, we showed that third hand smoke (THS) toxins result in hepatic steatosis in mice. Objective: The goal of this paper was two-fold: (1) To determine whether THS toxins alter key molecules involved in beta fatty acid metabolism and (2) to determine whether the levels of apolipoprotein B is decreased in THS-exposed mice leading to decrease export of lipid from the liver. Methodology: Mice were exposed to THS toxins for 6 months before performing the studies shown here. THS-exposed mice were also placed on western diet (WD) for five months or treated with AICAR to determine how THS-toxins affect the lipid metabolism of these animals. Results: THS-exposed mice do not show significant difference in the levels of key fatty acid metabolism enzymes (CPT1, ACC, IDH2 and LCAD) compared to the control, suggesting THS toxins do not decrease the levels of these enzymes. THS-exposed mice have lower levels of SIRT3 and ATP. These mice also have lower IDH2 activity. THS-exposed mice also have lower levels of apolipoprotein B compared to control, suggesting the excess fatty acids, which are converted to TG in the liver, are not being transported to peripheral tissue for usage or storage. Conclusion: These results suggest that even though THS toxins do not alter the levels of fatty acid metabolism enzymes, exposure result in lower levels of SIRT3 and lower IDH2 activity resulting in lower production of ATP in THS-exposed mice. THS toxins exposure also decrease of transport of lipids out of the liver by decreasing the levels of apolipoprotein B. Consequently, THS-exposed mice have an increase in lipid accumulation in the liver resulting in hepatic steatosis.
{"title":"The Role of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Apolipoproteins in Ths-InducedHepatic Steatosis in Mice","authors":"Cristina Flores, Neema Adhami, M. Martins-Green","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000359","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatic steatosis results from the increase of accumulation of lipids in the liver, decrease of beta fatty acid oxidation and/or decrease in the export to peripheral tissue by apolipoproteins. Previously, we showed that third hand smoke (THS) toxins result in hepatic steatosis in mice. \u0000Objective: The goal of this paper was two-fold: (1) To determine whether THS toxins alter key molecules involved in beta fatty acid metabolism and (2) to determine whether the levels of apolipoprotein B is decreased in THS-exposed mice leading to decrease export of lipid from the liver. \u0000Methodology: Mice were exposed to THS toxins for 6 months before performing the studies shown here. THS-exposed mice were also placed on western diet (WD) for five months or treated with AICAR to determine how THS-toxins affect the lipid metabolism of these animals. \u0000Results: THS-exposed mice do not show significant difference in the levels of key fatty acid metabolism enzymes (CPT1, ACC, IDH2 and LCAD) compared to the control, suggesting THS toxins do not decrease the levels of these enzymes. THS-exposed mice have lower levels of SIRT3 and ATP. These mice also have lower IDH2 activity. THS-exposed mice also have lower levels of apolipoprotein B compared to control, suggesting the excess fatty acids, which are converted to TG in the liver, are not being transported to peripheral tissue for usage or storage. \u0000Conclusion: These results suggest that even though THS toxins do not alter the levels of fatty acid metabolism enzymes, exposure result in lower levels of SIRT3 and lower IDH2 activity resulting in lower production of ATP in THS-exposed mice. THS toxins exposure also decrease of transport of lipids out of the liver by decreasing the levels of apolipoprotein B. Consequently, THS-exposed mice have an increase in lipid accumulation in the liver resulting in hepatic steatosis.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90897596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-22DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000358
D. Maurya
Objective: There are several commercial automatic colony counters available but they are relatively expensive and associated with several quantifications related problems. Some of the key problems in automated colony counting are clustering of colonies and edge effects. Thus the main objective of this study is to develop a user friendly program for determining colony parameters of clonogenic assay. Methods: In the present study, a watershed algorithm was employed along with other ImageJ tools to develop ImageJ based add-on program i.e ColonyCountJ to calculate various colony parameters. To test this program, we have used colonies obtained after exposure of MCF-7 cells to different doses of γ-radiation. Results: The results obtained using this program were compared with the manual counting as well as with automated counting provided by Oxford Optronix GelCount colony counter. It was found that our results corroborated well with the manual as well as with commercial program. As a whole, the performance of ColonyCountJ with regard to processing time and sensitivity was at par with the commercial colony counter. Conclusion: In conclusion, "ColonyCountJ" add-on program customized for ImageJ with optimized parameters is a reliable method for quantifying the colonies obtained from clonogenic assay. This program will be of great use for researchers working in the area of toxicology, radiation biology, and cancer biology.
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