Pub Date : 2017-05-16DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000348
M. El-Boshy, Fatma Abdelhamidb, Engy Richab, Ahmad Ashshia, Mazen Gaitha, Naeem Qustya
The protective and therapeutic effects of fucoidan extract from Laminaria species against liver damage induced by CCl4 in rats was investigated by monitoring the serum level and hepatic m-RNA expression of TGFβ-1, liver and renal markers, as well as oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarker. Thirty six adult male albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups; one was used as a negative control while groups II, III, and IV administrated 0.1 mL/100 g body weight twice a week for 8 weeks with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), fucoidan (400 mg/kgbw orally/day), and CCl4 plus fucoidan, respectively. Blood samples were collected at the end of experiment and sera were separated to evaluate serum levels and the hepatic m-RNA expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ.), interleukin (IL), Il-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, antioxidant markers, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as selective biochemical markers of liver and kidney functions were estimated. The results of this investigation revealed that treatment with fucoidan improved elevated expression of liver TGF β-1, Il-1β, IL-6, TNF α and serum level of malnoaldehyde (MDA), total bilirubin (T. Bil), induced by CCl4 at 8th week post treatment. In addition to enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH, GPx, CAT and SOD. Also, liver trransaminase (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), reduced in fucoidan and CCl4 treated group. These results show that crude fucoidan has potential immunomodulatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against the hepatic damage induced by CCl4.
{"title":"Attenuation of CCl4 Induced Oxidative Stress, Immunosuppressive, HepatorenalDamage by Fucoidan in Rats","authors":"M. El-Boshy, Fatma Abdelhamidb, Engy Richab, Ahmad Ashshia, Mazen Gaitha, Naeem Qustya","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000348","url":null,"abstract":"The protective and therapeutic effects of fucoidan extract from Laminaria species against liver damage induced by CCl4 in rats was investigated by monitoring the serum level and hepatic m-RNA expression of TGFβ-1, liver and renal markers, as well as oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarker. Thirty six adult male albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups; one was used as a negative control while groups II, III, and IV administrated 0.1 mL/100 g body weight twice a week for 8 weeks with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), fucoidan (400 mg/kgbw orally/day), and CCl4 plus fucoidan, respectively. Blood samples were collected at the end of experiment and sera were separated to evaluate serum levels and the hepatic m-RNA expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ.), interleukin (IL), Il-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, antioxidant markers, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as selective biochemical markers of liver and kidney functions were estimated. The results of this investigation revealed that treatment with fucoidan improved elevated expression of liver TGF β-1, Il-1β, IL-6, TNF α and serum level of malnoaldehyde (MDA), total bilirubin (T. Bil), induced by CCl4 at 8th week post treatment. In addition to enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH, GPx, CAT and SOD. Also, liver trransaminase (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), reduced in fucoidan and CCl4 treated group. These results show that crude fucoidan has potential immunomodulatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against the hepatic damage induced by CCl4.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"118 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88010418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-15DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000347
S. Suvarna, Rajesha K. Nairy, C. SunilK, Y. Narayana
In the present study gold nanoparticles and glucose capped gold nanoparticles are synthesized by chemical route method and characterized using UV-SPR, FTIR and TEM analysis. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay was used to study DNA damage. Studies show that glucose capped gold nanoparticles are less toxic as compare to gold nanoparticles at DNA level. Somewhat larger gold nanoparticle used to monitor endocytosis in log-phase S. cervisiae spheroplasts at 10 to 30 μM was not reported to cause growth inhibition. It shows that glucose capped gold nanoparticles are nontoxic to yeast strain D7. DNA damage was observed by using standard method called Yeast comet assay, which provides a very sensitive method for detecting strand breaks and repair kinetics in single cells. Studies showed that 5 μM-30 μM having very less sign of DNA damage in case of Glucose capped gold nanoparticles and it also shows toxic effect for without glucose capped gold nanoparticles. OTM for different concentration as shown in the image and OTM with respect to different concentration shows the DNA damage, these studies also correlated with survival studies.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity Studies of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Using Yeast CometAssay","authors":"S. Suvarna, Rajesha K. Nairy, C. SunilK, Y. Narayana","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000347","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study gold nanoparticles and glucose capped gold nanoparticles are synthesized by chemical route method and characterized using UV-SPR, FTIR and TEM analysis. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay was used to study DNA damage. Studies show that glucose capped gold nanoparticles are less toxic as compare to gold nanoparticles at DNA level. Somewhat larger gold nanoparticle used to monitor endocytosis in log-phase S. cervisiae spheroplasts at 10 to 30 μM was not reported to cause growth inhibition. It shows that glucose capped gold nanoparticles are nontoxic to yeast strain D7. DNA damage was observed by using standard method called Yeast comet assay, which provides a very sensitive method for detecting strand breaks and repair kinetics in single cells. Studies showed that 5 μM-30 μM having very less sign of DNA damage in case of Glucose capped gold nanoparticles and it also shows toxic effect for without glucose capped gold nanoparticles. OTM for different concentration as shown in the image and OTM with respect to different concentration shows the DNA damage, these studies also correlated with survival studies.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80233346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-27DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000346
P. Warang, R. Colah, P. Kedar
Lead is a highly toxic metal and a very strong poison. Lead poisoning usually occurs over a period of months or years. The poisoning can cause severe mental and physical impairment. Young children are most vulnerable to lead poisoning [1-2]. Lead poisoning is accompanied by an acquired deficiency of erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'nucleotidase (P5’N). Genetically determined deficiency of P5’N enzyme was associated with chronic hemolysis, marked basophilic stippling of erythrocytes on peripheral blood smear and accumulations of intra-erythrocyte pyrimidine-containing nucleotides [3-4]. Pyrimidine-containing nucleotides are almost absent in the normal erythrocytes but it was reported that in lead poisoning, 12% of erythrocyte showed accumulation of pyrimidine nucleotides in the blood of a patient and P5’N activity was suppressed to 50% that in normal erythrocytes in lead poisoning [2]. In most of βthalassemia carriers and other hemoglobin variant (Hb-E) showed marginally reduced Purine/Pyrimidine nucleotide ratios but normal P5’N-1 activity [5]. This report describes the clinical severity of leadinduced hemolytic anemia in two Indian patients with basophilic stippling associated with intra-erythrocyte accumulations of pyrimidine-containing nucleotides which mimicking hereditary P5’N deficiency.
{"title":"Lead Poisoning Induced Severe Hemolytic Anemia, Basophilic Stippling,Mimicking Erythrocyte Pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase Deficiency in BetaThalassemia Minor","authors":"P. Warang, R. Colah, P. Kedar","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000346","url":null,"abstract":"Lead is a highly toxic metal and a very strong poison. Lead poisoning usually occurs over a period of months or years. The poisoning can cause severe mental and physical impairment. Young children are most vulnerable to lead poisoning [1-2]. Lead poisoning is accompanied by an acquired deficiency of erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'nucleotidase (P5’N). Genetically determined deficiency of P5’N enzyme was associated with chronic hemolysis, marked basophilic stippling of erythrocytes on peripheral blood smear and accumulations of intra-erythrocyte pyrimidine-containing nucleotides [3-4]. Pyrimidine-containing nucleotides are almost absent in the normal erythrocytes but it was reported that in lead poisoning, 12% of erythrocyte showed accumulation of pyrimidine nucleotides in the blood of a patient and P5’N activity was suppressed to 50% that in normal erythrocytes in lead poisoning [2]. In most of βthalassemia carriers and other hemoglobin variant (Hb-E) showed marginally reduced Purine/Pyrimidine nucleotide ratios but normal P5’N-1 activity [5]. This report describes the clinical severity of leadinduced hemolytic anemia in two Indian patients with basophilic stippling associated with intra-erythrocyte accumulations of pyrimidine-containing nucleotides which mimicking hereditary P5’N deficiency.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76669276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000345
T. Kitamoto, K. Hayakawa, Fukuki Saito, Y. Nakamori
Case: A 56-year-old man who revived after ventricular fibrillation was transferred to the emergency center at Kansai Medical University. The blood examination, computed tomography, and cardiac echocardiography at the time admission could not detect the cause of ventricular fibrillation. However, high-performance liquid chromatography revealed mianserin and aripiprazole in his serum. The concentration of mianserin (48.7 mg/L), especially, was found to be very high. Therefore, we believed that ingestion of a large amount of mianserin could have induced ventricular fibrillation.
{"title":"Ventricular Fibrillation Caused by Mianserin Poisoning","authors":"T. Kitamoto, K. Hayakawa, Fukuki Saito, Y. Nakamori","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000345","url":null,"abstract":"Case: A 56-year-old man who revived after ventricular fibrillation was transferred to the emergency center at Kansai Medical University. The blood examination, computed tomography, and cardiac echocardiography at the time admission could not detect the cause of ventricular fibrillation. However, high-performance liquid chromatography revealed mianserin and aripiprazole in his serum. The concentration of mianserin (48.7 mg/L), especially, was found to be very high. Therefore, we believed that ingestion of a large amount of mianserin could have induced ventricular fibrillation.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78475835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000344
Chidi Uzoma Igwe, L. Nwaogu, Emmanuel Uche Olunkwa, Martin Otaba, V. Onwuliri
Objective: The protective effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Euphorbia Heterophylla and Jatropha Curcas against paracetamol-induced acute changes in lipid, atherogenic and haematologic parameters of albino rats were studied. Methodology: Twenty-five adult male albino rats weighing 180 to 200 g were randomly assigned into 5 experimental groups (I-V) of five animals each. Group I animals were administered 10 ml of distilled water, while group II rats were given 1000 mg/kg paracetamol. Groups III-V were pretreated with vitamin C (500 mg/kg), E. heterophylla (200 mg/kg) and J.curcas (1000 mg/kg) respectively, 1 h before administration of 1000 mg/kg paracetamol. The animals were orally administered the extracts/drugs daily for 14 days. Result: Paracetamol administration reduced significantly (p 0.05) countered the observed effects of paracetamol overdose more than the extracts of E. heterophylla and J.curcas. Acute paracetamol overdose did not significantly (p>0.05) affect most of the atherogenic risk predictor indices and haematological parameters studied. Conclusion: The results indicate that atherogenic and haematologic indices were less responsive than lipid parameters to paracetamol-induced toxicity. Furthermore, aqueous leaf extracts of E. heterophylla and J.curcas had less protective effect than vitamin C against serum lipidaemic changes induced by paracetamol.
{"title":"Atherogenic and Haematologic Indices of Paracetamol- Overdosed Albino RatsTreated With Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Euphorbia Heterophylla and JatrophaCurcas","authors":"Chidi Uzoma Igwe, L. Nwaogu, Emmanuel Uche Olunkwa, Martin Otaba, V. Onwuliri","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000344","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The protective effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Euphorbia Heterophylla and Jatropha Curcas against paracetamol-induced acute changes in lipid, atherogenic and haematologic parameters of albino rats were studied. \u0000Methodology: Twenty-five adult male albino rats weighing 180 to 200 g were randomly assigned into 5 experimental groups (I-V) of five animals each. Group I animals were administered 10 ml of distilled water, while group II rats were given 1000 mg/kg paracetamol. Groups III-V were pretreated with vitamin C (500 mg/kg), E. heterophylla (200 mg/kg) and J.curcas (1000 mg/kg) respectively, 1 h before administration of 1000 mg/kg paracetamol. The animals were orally administered the extracts/drugs daily for 14 days. \u0000Result: Paracetamol administration reduced significantly (p 0.05) countered the observed effects of paracetamol overdose more than the extracts of E. heterophylla and J.curcas. Acute paracetamol overdose did not significantly (p>0.05) affect most of the atherogenic risk predictor indices and haematological parameters studied. \u0000Conclusion: The results indicate that atherogenic and haematologic indices were less responsive than lipid parameters to paracetamol-induced toxicity. Furthermore, aqueous leaf extracts of E. heterophylla and J.curcas had less protective effect than vitamin C against serum lipidaemic changes induced by paracetamol.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80969065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-27DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000343
Fortin Jl, Fontaine M, Bodson L, Depil Duvala A, Bitar Mp, Macher Jm, Paulin P, Ravat F, Hall Ah
Introduction: A polyvalent amphoteric flushing solution (Diphoterine®) has been in use for a number of years, mainly in industrial settings for decontamination of acid, base, and other corrosive or irritant substances eye and skin splashes. Methods: Retrospective collection of 34 cases from several centers reporting use of Diphoterine® decontamination of eye, skin or oral chemical exposures. The following data were retrieved: exposure circumstances (workplace, domestic, deliberate assault), chemical nature and pH, exposure type, initial clinical signs, clinical signs after flushing, initial and final visual analog scale (VAS) pain ratings, consulting specialist physicians’ conclusions. Results: 58.8% of the 34 cases were occupational exposures, 29.4% were domestic, 5.9% occurred in schools, and 5.9% were deliberate chemical assaults. Of involved chemicals, 11 were basic substances, 11 were acidic, 1 was an oxidizing substance, 2 were solvents, and 9 were miscellaneous substances. There were 21 ocular exposures, 8 cutaneous exposures, 4 mixed (ocular/cutaneous), and 1 oral exposure. Initial clinical findings in ocular exposures were: pain, blepharospasm, hyperemia, palpebral edema, excessive tearing, and blurred vision. Of cutaneous exposures, 1 was a deep necrotic injury and 7 were superficial. Median (IQR) VAS before flushing with Diphoterine® was 7; VAS after ocular or skin flushing was 1. Conclusion: Early application of the amphoteric solution to the eye or skin reduces the intensity of pain associated with chemical injury. While randomized clinical trials are lacking, early use of the amphoteric solution appears to reduce the incidence of sequelae.
{"title":"Use of an Amphoteric Solution in Eye, Skin and Oral Chemical Exposures:Retrospective Multicenter Clinical Case Series","authors":"Fortin Jl, Fontaine M, Bodson L, Depil Duvala A, Bitar Mp, Macher Jm, Paulin P, Ravat F, Hall Ah","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000343","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A polyvalent amphoteric flushing solution (Diphoterine®) has been in use for a number of years, mainly in industrial settings for decontamination of acid, base, and other corrosive or irritant substances eye and skin splashes. Methods: Retrospective collection of 34 cases from several centers reporting use of Diphoterine® decontamination of eye, skin or oral chemical exposures. The following data were retrieved: exposure circumstances (workplace, domestic, deliberate assault), chemical nature and pH, exposure type, initial clinical signs, clinical signs after flushing, initial and final visual analog scale (VAS) pain ratings, consulting specialist physicians’ conclusions. Results: 58.8% of the 34 cases were occupational exposures, 29.4% were domestic, 5.9% occurred in schools, and 5.9% were deliberate chemical assaults. Of involved chemicals, 11 were basic substances, 11 were acidic, 1 was an oxidizing substance, 2 were solvents, and 9 were miscellaneous substances. There were 21 ocular exposures, 8 cutaneous exposures, 4 mixed (ocular/cutaneous), and 1 oral exposure. Initial clinical findings in ocular exposures were: pain, blepharospasm, hyperemia, palpebral edema, excessive tearing, and blurred vision. Of cutaneous exposures, 1 was a deep necrotic injury and 7 were superficial. Median (IQR) VAS before flushing with Diphoterine® was 7; VAS after ocular or skin flushing was 1. Conclusion: Early application of the amphoteric solution to the eye or skin reduces the intensity of pain associated with chemical injury. While randomized clinical trials are lacking, early use of the amphoteric solution appears to reduce the incidence of sequelae.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"13 4 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85265267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-20DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000342
W. Kuliński
This paper presents a case of a 37-year-old male patient who suffered from very severe nervous system damage with tetraparesis after having used a paint thinner containing diisononyl phthalate at work for more than ten years. Brain MRI revealed scattered focal lesions in both cerebral hemispheres, typical of cytotoxic oedema. A follow-up examination conducted after 2 years showed persistent lesions and more severe cortical atrophies. Decreased cognitive function and operating memory disturbances were also observed in the patient. His mental processes display features of sluggishness and lack flexibility. Clinical presentation of the patient indicates severe nervous system damage in long-term contact with phthalates.
{"title":"Severe Nervous System Damage in Long-Term Professional Exposure toPhthalates","authors":"W. Kuliński","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000342","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a case of a 37-year-old male patient who suffered from very severe nervous system damage \u0000 with tetraparesis after having used a paint thinner containing diisononyl phthalate at work for more than ten years. \u0000 Brain MRI revealed scattered focal lesions in both cerebral hemispheres, typical of cytotoxic oedema. A follow-up \u0000 examination conducted after 2 years showed persistent lesions and more severe cortical atrophies. Decreased \u0000 cognitive function and operating memory disturbances were also observed in the patient. His mental processes \u0000 display features of sluggishness and lack flexibility. Clinical presentation of the patient indicates severe nervous \u0000 system damage in long-term contact with phthalates.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79880903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-17DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000341
N. Sankhla, P. Schneider, P. Ghosh
Alcohol exposure can occur in all age groups but occurs much less commonly in infants. Prior studies have shown that no level of alcohol exposure is safe, and can affect the brain and other areas of development. We report a 32 day old previously healthy male who presented to an outside hospital early morning for "not acting normal". Earlier that morning, mom had fed him 3 ounces of formula mistakenly prepared with a clear liquid thought to be water, but later confirmed to be gin. The baby was mildly agitated on arrival, and the blood alcohol level 4 hrs post-ingestion was 230 mg/dl. This is one of the youngest documented cases of alcohol ingestion, and was remarkable for having a mild course with normal vital signs and electrolytes, and a non-focal physical exam. This case highlights the importance of having a high level of suspicion for alcohol exposure and a low threshold for checking blood ethanol levels in infants presenting with altered mental status, as there may be no hallmark signs, symptoms, or electrolyte abnormalities.
{"title":"Accidental Ethanol Ingestion in a 32 Day Old Infant","authors":"N. Sankhla, P. Schneider, P. Ghosh","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000341","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol exposure can occur in all age groups but occurs much less commonly in infants. Prior studies have shown that no level of alcohol exposure is safe, and can affect the brain and other areas of development. We report a 32 day old previously healthy male who presented to an outside hospital early morning for \"not acting normal\". Earlier that morning, mom had fed him 3 ounces of formula mistakenly prepared with a clear liquid thought to be water, but later confirmed to be gin. The baby was mildly agitated on arrival, and the blood alcohol level 4 hrs post-ingestion was 230 mg/dl. This is one of the youngest documented cases of alcohol ingestion, and was remarkable for having a mild course with normal vital signs and electrolytes, and a non-focal physical exam. This case highlights the importance of having a high level of suspicion for alcohol exposure and a low threshold for checking blood ethanol levels in infants presenting with altered mental status, as there may be no hallmark signs, symptoms, or electrolyte abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72695027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-13DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000340
Feridun Gürlek, Eyyüp TaÅdemir, T. Teker
Nowadays, narcotic and enjoyable substances threaten especially adolescents and young people. These substances are fairly common and various. This makes them easier to access. Their use is also closely associated with low socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions. It has been known psychoactive and hallucinogenic effects of Salvia divinorum for many years. It is abused for this purpose. In this study, we presented a patient who developed renal failure and rhabdomyolysis due to immobility after abuse of Salvia divinorum. It has been known that the patient remained immobility for four days after using Salvia divinorum and did not use any additional drugs. It has been discussed accompanyed to the literature that the duration of action of Salvia divinorum used at high doses may be longer than usual and substance dependence is associated with low socio-economic status.
{"title":"Salvia Divinorum: A Case Report","authors":"Feridun Gürlek, Eyyüp TaÅdemir, T. Teker","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000340","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, narcotic and enjoyable substances threaten especially adolescents and young people. These \u0000 substances are fairly common and various. This makes them easier to access. Their use is also closely associated \u0000 with low socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions. It has been known psychoactive and hallucinogenic effects of \u0000 Salvia divinorum for many years. It is abused for this purpose. In this study, we presented a patient who developed renal failure and rhabdomyolysis due to immobility after abuse of Salvia divinorum. It has been known that the \u0000 patient remained immobility for four days after using Salvia divinorum and did not use any additional drugs. It has \u0000 been discussed accompanyed to the literature that the duration of action of Salvia divinorum used at high doses \u0000 may be longer than usual and substance dependence is associated with low socio-economic status.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91255759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-24DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000339
Destefani Ac, Costa Ds, Zanardo Tec, Taufner Gh
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has risen as a critical creature show in different fields including neurobiology, formative science, and hereditary qualities. Qualities of this creature demonstrate that have added to its prosperity incorporate its hereditary manipulability, invariant and completely depicted formative program, all around portrayed genome, simplicity of support, short and productive life cycle, and little body estimate. These same elements have prompted to an expanding utilization of C. elegans in toxicology, both for robotic reviews and highthroughput screening approaches. We depict a portion of the exploration that has been completed in the territories of neurotoxicology, hereditary toxicology, and ecological toxicology, and additionally high-throughput tries different things with C. elegans including all inclusive screening for sub-atomic focuses of harmfulness and fast danger evaluation for new chemicals. We contend for an expanded part for C. elegans in supplementing other model frameworks in toxicological research.
{"title":"Discovering Capacity in Novel Targets: C. Elegans as a Model Life Form in Toxicological Research","authors":"Destefani Ac, Costa Ds, Zanardo Tec, Taufner Gh","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000339","url":null,"abstract":"The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has risen as a critical creature show in different fields including neurobiology, formative science, and hereditary qualities. Qualities of this creature demonstrate that have added to its prosperity incorporate its hereditary manipulability, invariant and completely depicted formative program, all around portrayed genome, simplicity of support, short and productive life cycle, and little body estimate. These same elements have prompted to an expanding utilization of C. elegans in toxicology, both for robotic reviews and highthroughput screening approaches. We depict a portion of the exploration that has been completed in the territories of neurotoxicology, hereditary toxicology, and ecological toxicology, and additionally high-throughput tries different things with C. elegans including all inclusive screening for sub-atomic focuses of harmfulness and fast danger evaluation for new chemicals. We contend for an expanded part for C. elegans in supplementing other model frameworks in toxicological research.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83141023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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