Tomoki Miyashita, K. Katabira, H. Kurita, Fumio Narita
As sensor materials for structural health monitoring (SHM, a nondestructive test for the continuous evaluation of the conditions of individual structural components and entire assemblies), magnetostrictive materials, piezoelectric materials, and optical fibers have attracted significant interest. In this study, the mode I interlaminar fracture load and crack self-detection potential of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP)–embedded magnetostrictive Fe–Co fibers were investigated via double cantilever beam testing. The results indicated that by controlling the amount of Fe–Co fibers introduced into GFRP, the number of Fe–Co fibers could be reduced without compromising the performance of GFRP. Furthermore, the magnetic flux density increased significantly with crack propagation, indicating that the magnetic flux density change could determine crack propagation.
{"title":"Measurement of Magnetic Flux Density Changes in Mode I Interlaminar Fracture in Magnetostrictive Fiber–Embedded Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites","authors":"Tomoki Miyashita, K. Katabira, H. Kurita, Fumio Narita","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010008","url":null,"abstract":"As sensor materials for structural health monitoring (SHM, a nondestructive test for the continuous evaluation of the conditions of individual structural components and entire assemblies), magnetostrictive materials, piezoelectric materials, and optical fibers have attracted significant interest. In this study, the mode I interlaminar fracture load and crack self-detection potential of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP)–embedded magnetostrictive Fe–Co fibers were investigated via double cantilever beam testing. The results indicated that by controlling the amount of Fe–Co fibers introduced into GFRP, the number of Fe–Co fibers could be reduced without compromising the performance of GFRP. Furthermore, the magnetic flux density increased significantly with crack propagation, indicating that the magnetic flux density change could determine crack propagation.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"23 67","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark O. Paskhin, K. O. Aiyyzhy, Roman V. Pobedonostsev, Dina V. Kazantseva, I. Rakov, Ekaterina V. Barmina, D. Yanykin, S. Gudkov
In this work, we investigated the effect of photoconversion covers based on ruby (chromium-doped alumina (Al2O3:Cr3+)) particles (PCC-R) on the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants. Ruby particles (from 100 nm to 2 μm) were obtained by the sequential application of spall laser ablation and further laser fragmentation. The content of chromium ions relative to aluminum ions in the nanoparticles was 3.3 × 10−3. The covers with different densities of applied ruby particles (2 × 107 m−2 (PCC-R7), 2 × 108 m−2 (PCC-R8), 2 × 109 m−2 (PCC-R9)) were studied in the present work. The PCC-Rs had two wide bands of luminescence excitation. The first one was from 350 nm to 450 nm with a maximum at 405 nm, and the second one was from 500 nm to 600 nm with a peak at 550 nm. Synthesized covers emitted in the range of 650 nm to 750 nm, with a peak at 695 nm. It has been shown that PCC-R8, in contrast to PCC-R7 and PCC-R9, provided an increase in yield by 40% and was characterized by increased water use efficiency during dark respiration and assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants. It is assumed that the observed positive effect of PCC-R8 photoconversion covers is associated with the activation of regulatory mechanisms due to a qualitative change in the light spectrum.
{"title":"Ruby Nanoparticles for Greenhouse Farming: Synthesis, Features and Application","authors":"Mark O. Paskhin, K. O. Aiyyzhy, Roman V. Pobedonostsev, Dina V. Kazantseva, I. Rakov, Ekaterina V. Barmina, D. Yanykin, S. Gudkov","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010007","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigated the effect of photoconversion covers based on ruby (chromium-doped alumina (Al2O3:Cr3+)) particles (PCC-R) on the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants. Ruby particles (from 100 nm to 2 μm) were obtained by the sequential application of spall laser ablation and further laser fragmentation. The content of chromium ions relative to aluminum ions in the nanoparticles was 3.3 × 10−3. The covers with different densities of applied ruby particles (2 × 107 m−2 (PCC-R7), 2 × 108 m−2 (PCC-R8), 2 × 109 m−2 (PCC-R9)) were studied in the present work. The PCC-Rs had two wide bands of luminescence excitation. The first one was from 350 nm to 450 nm with a maximum at 405 nm, and the second one was from 500 nm to 600 nm with a peak at 550 nm. Synthesized covers emitted in the range of 650 nm to 750 nm, with a peak at 695 nm. It has been shown that PCC-R8, in contrast to PCC-R7 and PCC-R9, provided an increase in yield by 40% and was characterized by increased water use efficiency during dark respiration and assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants. It is assumed that the observed positive effect of PCC-R8 photoconversion covers is associated with the activation of regulatory mechanisms due to a qualitative change in the light spectrum.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joint damage is a major symptom of osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that worsens over time. The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of nanomaterials as an alternative to the widely used methods. Due to its poor regenerative and self-healing properties, cartilage repair after lesions or debilitating disease is a major clinical issue. Here, we use the organometallic chemistry identity of chondroitin sulphate to repair cartilage lesions by creating a nano-elemental particle through electrostatic interactions. As an integral part of the extracellular matrix, chondroitin sulphate (CS) is shown to improve osteogenesis in this review. The injectability of hydrated cement products was greatly improved by the addition of CS, but there was no discernible change in their phase, morphology, apparent porosity, or compressive strength. This review article provides a thorough analysis of the results from the use of nanocomposites in orthopaedic drug delivery and bone remodelling engineering.
{"title":"A Short Review on Chondroitin Sulphate and Its Based Nanomaterials for Bone Repair and Bone Remodelling Applications","authors":"M. Divya, Sekar Vijayakumar, Jingdi Chen","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010006","url":null,"abstract":"Joint damage is a major symptom of osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that worsens over time. The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of nanomaterials as an alternative to the widely used methods. Due to its poor regenerative and self-healing properties, cartilage repair after lesions or debilitating disease is a major clinical issue. Here, we use the organometallic chemistry identity of chondroitin sulphate to repair cartilage lesions by creating a nano-elemental particle through electrostatic interactions. As an integral part of the extracellular matrix, chondroitin sulphate (CS) is shown to improve osteogenesis in this review. The injectability of hydrated cement products was greatly improved by the addition of CS, but there was no discernible change in their phase, morphology, apparent porosity, or compressive strength. This review article provides a thorough analysis of the results from the use of nanocomposites in orthopaedic drug delivery and bone remodelling engineering.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"68 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Chiariello, Pasquale Vitale, M. Belardo, Francesco Di Caprio, Mauro Linari, Claudio Pezzella, J. Beretta, L. Di Palma
The design and development of a wing for a completely brand-new aircraft represents, in aeronautics, one of the highest challenges from an engineering point of view. The present work describes a novel methodology devoted to execute numeric simulation in a non-linear post-buckling regime to verify the composite wing compliance under the design load conditions. The procedure was developed as part of a wing design and research activity and was motivated by the need to have more realistic results, without standard conservatisms like the no-buckling up to ultimate load, to be of use for achieving further weight savings. To carry this out, it was obviously necessary to ensure that the structural integrity was also guaranteed in the post-buckling regime, above the limit load, and therefore in a highly non-linear regime. The present work illustrates a numerical approach based on non-linear finite element analysis which uses the inertia relief option in order to have a more realistic representation of the structural response of the wing in its real context. All that represents a novelty since, at present, the commercial FE codes allow us to use the inertia relief option exclusively for linear analysis. Obviously, the approach can be applied to any other structural component with similar needs. The obtained results show that the differences between linear and non-linear regime are not negligible and, above all, that it is possible to design a wing (or other structural components) considering, at the same time, the large deformation due to the post-buckling regime, the material non-linearities due to the failures and any other non-linearities in order to achieve the challenging weight requirement of the new aircraft generation.
{"title":"Non-Linear Analysis in Post-Buckling Regime of a Tilt Rotor Composite Wing Structure Using Detailed Model and Robust Loading Approach","authors":"Antonio Chiariello, Pasquale Vitale, M. Belardo, Francesco Di Caprio, Mauro Linari, Claudio Pezzella, J. Beretta, L. Di Palma","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010004","url":null,"abstract":"The design and development of a wing for a completely brand-new aircraft represents, in aeronautics, one of the highest challenges from an engineering point of view. The present work describes a novel methodology devoted to execute numeric simulation in a non-linear post-buckling regime to verify the composite wing compliance under the design load conditions. The procedure was developed as part of a wing design and research activity and was motivated by the need to have more realistic results, without standard conservatisms like the no-buckling up to ultimate load, to be of use for achieving further weight savings. To carry this out, it was obviously necessary to ensure that the structural integrity was also guaranteed in the post-buckling regime, above the limit load, and therefore in a highly non-linear regime. The present work illustrates a numerical approach based on non-linear finite element analysis which uses the inertia relief option in order to have a more realistic representation of the structural response of the wing in its real context. All that represents a novelty since, at present, the commercial FE codes allow us to use the inertia relief option exclusively for linear analysis. Obviously, the approach can be applied to any other structural component with similar needs. The obtained results show that the differences between linear and non-linear regime are not negligible and, above all, that it is possible to design a wing (or other structural components) considering, at the same time, the large deformation due to the post-buckling regime, the material non-linearities due to the failures and any other non-linearities in order to achieve the challenging weight requirement of the new aircraft generation.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crystalline coatings are waterproofing systems used for additional protection against increased moisture and subsurface water ingress. Even though these crystalline materials are commonly used in moisture-protective systems, they have not yet been sufficiently scientifically described. The weakest link in the chain of interaction between crystalline coatings and underlying concrete is the transition zone. To increase knowledge of the interaction between these materials, a series of experiments was prepared using a specially formulated protective mortar as the final surface layer, with the function of additionally waterproofing the structure. An experimental study of the adhesion of surface layers based on secondary crystallization to provide additional protection to concrete structures loaded with moisture or ground water exposure is presented in this paper. The series of experiments carried out consisted of an analysis of protective crystalline mortar adhesion to concrete samples of identical composition. A set of experimental measurements under the influence of various boundary conditions was carried out to determine the bond strength between two different materials. For the experimental measurements, the materials were exposed to aggressive environments for which durability verification had not yet been performed. A modified protective mortar with crystalline admixture was used as an overlayed material. This mortar worked similarly to a crystalline coating after application. Over time, there was penetration of the underlaying concrete and a secondary hydration of the cement matrix which resulted in the waterproofing of the structure. The test samples were exposed to aggressive environmental conditions in the form of freezing–thawing cycles and a carbonation process. Pull-off tests were carried out on every test sample to determine the strength of the surface layers. The penetration of the crystalline agent into the base concrete was confirmed with an SEM observation. The results of the experimental program showed that exposure to the aggressive environment further reduced the strength of the modified mortar containing the crystalline admixture. However, the bond strength between the concrete and the modified mortar exceeded the tensile strength of the concrete.
{"title":"The Influence of Aggressive Environmental Conditions on the Adhesion of Applied Crystalline Materials","authors":"Martin Mottl, P. Reiterman, J. Pazderka","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010005","url":null,"abstract":"Crystalline coatings are waterproofing systems used for additional protection against increased moisture and subsurface water ingress. Even though these crystalline materials are commonly used in moisture-protective systems, they have not yet been sufficiently scientifically described. The weakest link in the chain of interaction between crystalline coatings and underlying concrete is the transition zone. To increase knowledge of the interaction between these materials, a series of experiments was prepared using a specially formulated protective mortar as the final surface layer, with the function of additionally waterproofing the structure. An experimental study of the adhesion of surface layers based on secondary crystallization to provide additional protection to concrete structures loaded with moisture or ground water exposure is presented in this paper. The series of experiments carried out consisted of an analysis of protective crystalline mortar adhesion to concrete samples of identical composition. A set of experimental measurements under the influence of various boundary conditions was carried out to determine the bond strength between two different materials. For the experimental measurements, the materials were exposed to aggressive environments for which durability verification had not yet been performed. A modified protective mortar with crystalline admixture was used as an overlayed material. This mortar worked similarly to a crystalline coating after application. Over time, there was penetration of the underlaying concrete and a secondary hydration of the cement matrix which resulted in the waterproofing of the structure. The test samples were exposed to aggressive environmental conditions in the form of freezing–thawing cycles and a carbonation process. Pull-off tests were carried out on every test sample to determine the strength of the surface layers. The penetration of the crystalline agent into the base concrete was confirmed with an SEM observation. The results of the experimental program showed that exposure to the aggressive environment further reduced the strength of the modified mortar containing the crystalline admixture. However, the bond strength between the concrete and the modified mortar exceeded the tensile strength of the concrete.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kobeleva, M. N. Uvarov, N. V. Kravets, Aina V. Kulikova, Vladimir A. Zinovyev, Olga A. Gurova, V. I. Sysoev, Anastasiya M. Kondranova, Maxim S. Kazantsev, Konstantin M. Degtyarenko, Anna G. Matveeva, Leonid V. Kulik
Fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes are implemented as the third component of the active layer of organic solar cells. The addition of approximately 1% weight fraction of these nanotubes into PCDTBT/PC60BM polymer/fullerene active layer leads to a noticeable increase in the main photovoltaic parameters of the solar cells, including their stability. Presumably, the origins of this influence are optimizing the donor/acceptor composite morphology and reinforcing its structure with fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. This hypothesis is supported by the dramatic influence of the fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube additive on the kinetics of the decay of the EPR signal of light-induced charges in the PCDTBT/PC60BM composite.
{"title":"Ternary Composite of Polymer, Fullerene and Fluorinated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as the Active Layer of Organic Solar Cells","authors":"E. Kobeleva, M. N. Uvarov, N. V. Kravets, Aina V. Kulikova, Vladimir A. Zinovyev, Olga A. Gurova, V. I. Sysoev, Anastasiya M. Kondranova, Maxim S. Kazantsev, Konstantin M. Degtyarenko, Anna G. Matveeva, Leonid V. Kulik","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010003","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes are implemented as the third component of the active layer of organic solar cells. The addition of approximately 1% weight fraction of these nanotubes into PCDTBT/PC60BM polymer/fullerene active layer leads to a noticeable increase in the main photovoltaic parameters of the solar cells, including their stability. Presumably, the origins of this influence are optimizing the donor/acceptor composite morphology and reinforcing its structure with fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. This hypothesis is supported by the dramatic influence of the fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube additive on the kinetics of the decay of the EPR signal of light-induced charges in the PCDTBT/PC60BM composite.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":" 94","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ching Mui Cho, Xiaobai Wang, Sean Kenzo Tsumura, W. Thitsartarn, S. Tay
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are highly functional composites which comprise two major components: the polymer matrix and the carbon fiber. Lightweight and having high strength, CFRPs have been used heavily in various industries such as wind, aerospace and automobile. The increasing demand and extensive use led to a huge quantum of CFRP waste from both end-of-life and during manufacturing. Out of this waste, only 2% is recycled, the rest are disposed of via incineration and/or landfill. This has raised significant environmental and sustainability concerns. The current state-of-the-art way of recycling CFRPs is by pyrolysis. However, through the pyrolysis process, the polymer used in the CFRPs, which accounts for around 65–75 wt.%, cannot be recovered and reused. In most publications, the focus on CFRP recycling was on the recovering of the more valuable carbon fiber. The polymer matrix is mostly burnt off, in the case of pyrolysis, or disposed. To obtain full circularity, recovering and reusing both the carbon fiber and polymer is necessary. In this paper, we primarily focus on the recovered bisphenol-A type of epoxy polymer (REP) obtained from solvolysis digestion of CFRP and explore the feasibility of reusing this REP by blending it with pristine epoxy in various compositions to create new materials. The physical and mechanical properties, including decomposition temperatures (Td), glass transition temperatures (Tg), storage modulus, loss modulus, flexural and tensile strength, were characterized using thermal gravity analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and Instron universal tester. The results indicate a decrease in glass transition and decomposition temperature, and mechanical properties as the blending composition increases. This suggests that the total blending composition should not exceed 10 wt.%, with an optimal range potentially falling between 5 to 6 wt.%.
{"title":"Reusing Bisphenol—A Type of Epoxy Polymer Recyclates from the Solvolysis of CFRP","authors":"Ching Mui Cho, Xiaobai Wang, Sean Kenzo Tsumura, W. Thitsartarn, S. Tay","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010002","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are highly functional composites which comprise two major components: the polymer matrix and the carbon fiber. Lightweight and having high strength, CFRPs have been used heavily in various industries such as wind, aerospace and automobile. The increasing demand and extensive use led to a huge quantum of CFRP waste from both end-of-life and during manufacturing. Out of this waste, only 2% is recycled, the rest are disposed of via incineration and/or landfill. This has raised significant environmental and sustainability concerns. The current state-of-the-art way of recycling CFRPs is by pyrolysis. However, through the pyrolysis process, the polymer used in the CFRPs, which accounts for around 65–75 wt.%, cannot be recovered and reused. In most publications, the focus on CFRP recycling was on the recovering of the more valuable carbon fiber. The polymer matrix is mostly burnt off, in the case of pyrolysis, or disposed. To obtain full circularity, recovering and reusing both the carbon fiber and polymer is necessary. In this paper, we primarily focus on the recovered bisphenol-A type of epoxy polymer (REP) obtained from solvolysis digestion of CFRP and explore the feasibility of reusing this REP by blending it with pristine epoxy in various compositions to create new materials. The physical and mechanical properties, including decomposition temperatures (Td), glass transition temperatures (Tg), storage modulus, loss modulus, flexural and tensile strength, were characterized using thermal gravity analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and Instron universal tester. The results indicate a decrease in glass transition and decomposition temperature, and mechanical properties as the blending composition increases. This suggests that the total blending composition should not exceed 10 wt.%, with an optimal range potentially falling between 5 to 6 wt.%.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Rahimi Mehr, S. Kamrani, Claudia Fleck, Mohammad Salavati
Improving the ductile deformation behavior of Mg-SiC nanocomposites without compromising strength is critical to enhancing their mechanical properties. Mg-SiC nanocomposites are produced through mechanical milling, cold isostatic pressing, sintering, and hot extrusion processes. This study investigates the uniaxial stress–strain response and deformation behavior of the Mg-SiC nanocomposite compared to pure Mg samples with and without the milling process. The deformation behavior was investigated by two-dimensional (2D) digital image correlation (DIC) at two macroscopic and microscopic scales, employing light micrographs and in situ loading samples, respectively, in the scanning electron microscope. Compared to the pure Mg samples, the mechanical test results demonstrated a significant improvement in strength (80 MPa) and fracture strain (23.5%) of the Mg-SiC nanocomposite. The three-dimensional (3D) representative volume element (RVE) model revealed the particle dispersion effect on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. The RVE results demonstrate ductile deformation behavior in the sample with homogenous dispersion of SiC particles compared with the heterogeneous dispersion of SiC particles in Mg-SiC nanocomposite. The results demonstrated a good agreement between DIC and RVE predictions for Mg-SiC nanocomposites across macro- and microscales.
在不影响强度的前提下改善镁-碳化硅纳米复合材料的韧性变形行为对提高其机械性能至关重要。Mg-SiC 纳米复合材料是通过机械研磨、冷等静压、烧结和热挤压工艺制成的。本研究对 Mg-SiC 纳米复合材料的单轴应力-应变响应和变形行为进行了研究，并将其与纯镁样品进行了比较。在扫描电子显微镜下，分别采用光显微照片和原位加载样品，在宏观和微观两个尺度上通过二维（2D）数字图像相关（DIC）对变形行为进行了研究。与纯镁样品相比，力学测试结果表明 Mg-SiC 纳米复合材料的强度（80 兆帕）和断裂应变（23.5%）均有显著提高。三维（3D）代表体积元素（RVE）模型揭示了颗粒分散对纳米复合材料机械性能的影响。与 Mg-SiC 纳米复合材料中 SiC 粒子的异质分散相比，RVE 结果表明 SiC 粒子均匀分散的样品具有韧性变形行为。结果表明，DIC 和 RVE 对 Mg-SiC 纳米复合材料的宏观和微观预测结果非常一致。
{"title":"Global and Local Deformation Analysis of Mg-SiC Nanocomposites: Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Representative Volume Element (RVE) Techniques","authors":"Fatemeh Rahimi Mehr, S. Kamrani, Claudia Fleck, Mohammad Salavati","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010001","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the ductile deformation behavior of Mg-SiC nanocomposites without compromising strength is critical to enhancing their mechanical properties. Mg-SiC nanocomposites are produced through mechanical milling, cold isostatic pressing, sintering, and hot extrusion processes. This study investigates the uniaxial stress–strain response and deformation behavior of the Mg-SiC nanocomposite compared to pure Mg samples with and without the milling process. The deformation behavior was investigated by two-dimensional (2D) digital image correlation (DIC) at two macroscopic and microscopic scales, employing light micrographs and in situ loading samples, respectively, in the scanning electron microscope. Compared to the pure Mg samples, the mechanical test results demonstrated a significant improvement in strength (80 MPa) and fracture strain (23.5%) of the Mg-SiC nanocomposite. The three-dimensional (3D) representative volume element (RVE) model revealed the particle dispersion effect on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. The RVE results demonstrate ductile deformation behavior in the sample with homogenous dispersion of SiC particles compared with the heterogeneous dispersion of SiC particles in Mg-SiC nanocomposite. The results demonstrated a good agreement between DIC and RVE predictions for Mg-SiC nanocomposites across macro- and microscales.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"139 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mantsha Hennie Erna Seshweni, M. Makhatha, Orebotse Joseph Botlhoko, B. Obadele, Vijeesh Vijayan, Dundesh S. Chiniwar, Pawan Kumar, V. H. M.
Polymer nanocomposites have been of great interest to packaging, energy, molding, and transportation industries due to several favorable properties including a higher resistance to stress and cracking even under flexed conditions, and also a chemical resistance to water, acids, and alkalis. The current work disseminates the studies on the mechanical and thermal properties of the polypropylene HHR102 polymer reinforced with nano dispersoids of silicon dioxide at varied weight fractions. The nanocomposites, fabricated via melt processing followed by injection molding, were tested for tensile strength, % elongation, tensile modulus, and impact toughness. Further, the samples were also subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the dynamic storage modulus and thermal stability. The addition of nano-silica in polypropylene HHR102 resulted in enhanced ductility and well-balanced tensile modulus; however, the tensile strength and impact toughness were found to be decreased. On the other hand, the storage modulus was significantly increased for all nano-silica (NS)-containing polypropylene HHR102 matrices. With the increased nano-silica content, the storage modulus was optimal. Further, with the lower weight loss of 30% and 50%, the thermal stability of the increased silica content PP nanocomposites was much affected. However, it improved at a weight loss of 30% for the lower silica content PP nanocomposite (PP-1%NS). The imbibition was found to increase with the increase in NS. The increase in imbibition is attributed to the micro-voids generated during ageing. These micro-voids act as channels for water absorption. Further, the degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites was decreased as a result of inhibition by the nano-particles on the regular packing of polymer molecules. The structure–property correlations were explicated based on the achieved mechanical properties.
{"title":"Evaluation of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene-Based Nanocomposites Reinforced with Silica Nanofillers via Melt Processing Followed by Injection Molding","authors":"Mantsha Hennie Erna Seshweni, M. Makhatha, Orebotse Joseph Botlhoko, B. Obadele, Vijeesh Vijayan, Dundesh S. Chiniwar, Pawan Kumar, V. H. M.","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120520","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer nanocomposites have been of great interest to packaging, energy, molding, and transportation industries due to several favorable properties including a higher resistance to stress and cracking even under flexed conditions, and also a chemical resistance to water, acids, and alkalis. The current work disseminates the studies on the mechanical and thermal properties of the polypropylene HHR102 polymer reinforced with nano dispersoids of silicon dioxide at varied weight fractions. The nanocomposites, fabricated via melt processing followed by injection molding, were tested for tensile strength, % elongation, tensile modulus, and impact toughness. Further, the samples were also subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the dynamic storage modulus and thermal stability. The addition of nano-silica in polypropylene HHR102 resulted in enhanced ductility and well-balanced tensile modulus; however, the tensile strength and impact toughness were found to be decreased. On the other hand, the storage modulus was significantly increased for all nano-silica (NS)-containing polypropylene HHR102 matrices. With the increased nano-silica content, the storage modulus was optimal. Further, with the lower weight loss of 30% and 50%, the thermal stability of the increased silica content PP nanocomposites was much affected. However, it improved at a weight loss of 30% for the lower silica content PP nanocomposite (PP-1%NS). The imbibition was found to increase with the increase in NS. The increase in imbibition is attributed to the micro-voids generated during ageing. These micro-voids act as channels for water absorption. Further, the degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites was decreased as a result of inhibition by the nano-particles on the regular packing of polymer molecules. The structure–property correlations were explicated based on the achieved mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"165 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Macromolecule entanglements are common in polymers. The first part of this review describes their influence on the properties of entangled polymers. Then, methods for reducing the entanglement density of macromolecule chains are discussed. It has been shown that research on partially disentangled polymers has provided a lot of new information about the relationship between the entangled state and properties of polymers. This research concerns, among others, mechanical and thermal properties and the crystallization process. A special disentangled polymer case, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, is also discussed. The results of research on polymer composites in which macromolecules were disentangled via processing and composites were produced using already disentangled polymers are presented in particular detail. It has been indicated that such composites and blends of disentangled polymers are promising and will probably be intensively researched in the near future.
{"title":"Progress in Studies of Disentangled Polymers and Composites","authors":"Andrzej Pawlak, J. Krajenta","doi":"10.3390/jcs7120521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120521","url":null,"abstract":"Macromolecule entanglements are common in polymers. The first part of this review describes their influence on the properties of entangled polymers. Then, methods for reducing the entanglement density of macromolecule chains are discussed. It has been shown that research on partially disentangled polymers has provided a lot of new information about the relationship between the entangled state and properties of polymers. This research concerns, among others, mechanical and thermal properties and the crystallization process. A special disentangled polymer case, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, is also discussed. The results of research on polymer composites in which macromolecules were disentangled via processing and composites were produced using already disentangled polymers are presented in particular detail. It has been indicated that such composites and blends of disentangled polymers are promising and will probably be intensively researched in the near future.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138964412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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