Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/59459.17694
S. Ramachandran, S. Babu, M. ., Ranukumari .
Introduction: Endodontically treated tooth reinforced with posts should restore its lost structural integrity, as well as withstand the various masticatory forces. Choosing the appropriate post, so that a durable prosthesis can be given, is often a challenge to a restorative dentist. Aim: To compare the resistance to fracture, of endodontically treated teeth restored with the various posts when subjected to compressive loads, and analyse the different types of fractures and cracks which are visible under normal eye, microscope and radiograph. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India, from February 2019 to March 2020. Study was done with four types of posts namely cast post, stainless steel, fibre and titanium on seventy extracted teeth, which were randomly allocated into five groups with one group as control without any post. The teeth were subjected to increasing compressive loads with universal testing machine and the loads at which fracture occurred was recorded. The data was analysed statistically with one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the groups were compared with Tukey’s HSD test. The types of fractures that occurred were also analysed. Results: The loads at which the teeth reinforced with various posts fractured, showed significant difference (p-value <0.0001). The mean load at which fracture occurred for teeth restored without any posts was 711.6086 N and teeth with stainless steel post was highest at 1605.955 N. Those with titanium posts were found to have minimum microcracks (14.2%) when seen under dissection microscope. Maximum number of teeth with titanium posts had favourable fracture and withstood the load (64.29%), with fracture occurring only at root tip and no fracture elsewhere. Tukey’s HSD test was done to compare the fracture resistance between the groups at 0.05 level of significance. There was no significant difference in the load at which fracture occurred between groups. Conclusion: In the present study, of all different post and core materials, stainless steel post resisted highest load and titanium posts had favourable fractures.
{"title":"Comparison of Resistance to Fracture of Endodontically Treated Teeth Reinforced with Various Posts: An In-vitro Study","authors":"S. Ramachandran, S. Babu, M. ., Ranukumari .","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/59459.17694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/59459.17694","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endodontically treated tooth reinforced with posts should restore its lost structural integrity, as well as withstand the various masticatory forces. Choosing the appropriate post, so that a durable prosthesis can be given, is often a challenge to a restorative dentist. Aim: To compare the resistance to fracture, of endodontically treated teeth restored with the various posts when subjected to compressive loads, and analyse the different types of fractures and cracks which are visible under normal eye, microscope and radiograph. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India, from February 2019 to March 2020. Study was done with four types of posts namely cast post, stainless steel, fibre and titanium on seventy extracted teeth, which were randomly allocated into five groups with one group as control without any post. The teeth were subjected to increasing compressive loads with universal testing machine and the loads at which fracture occurred was recorded. The data was analysed statistically with one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the groups were compared with Tukey’s HSD test. The types of fractures that occurred were also analysed. Results: The loads at which the teeth reinforced with various posts fractured, showed significant difference (p-value <0.0001). The mean load at which fracture occurred for teeth restored without any posts was 711.6086 N and teeth with stainless steel post was highest at 1605.955 N. Those with titanium posts were found to have minimum microcracks (14.2%) when seen under dissection microscope. Maximum number of teeth with titanium posts had favourable fracture and withstood the load (64.29%), with fracture occurring only at root tip and no fracture elsewhere. Tukey’s HSD test was done to compare the fracture resistance between the groups at 0.05 level of significance. There was no significant difference in the load at which fracture occurred between groups. Conclusion: In the present study, of all different post and core materials, stainless steel post resisted highest load and titanium posts had favourable fractures.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89613592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/62635.18237
Parves Anwer, P. Rajeswaran
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in women, and despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, it still leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Distinguishing between benign and malignant breast disease is clinically challenging, and there is currently no serum biomarker available for early breast cancer detection. As part of the preoperative work-up for breast lesions, a Complete Blood Count (CBC) analysis is typically performed. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of CBC parameters in diagnosing malignant breast lesions and to analyse the diagnostic role of haematological parameters within benign and malignant breast lesions, as well as different histological breast cancer stages. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted for one year, from January to December 2021, at the Department of Pathology of PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The study included 60 female patients with both benign and malignant breast lesions. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnoses of these lesions. CBC parameters, including haemoglobin, Total White Cell Count (TWBC), neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), were collected from a total of 120 cases. Additionally, the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), MonocyteLymphocyte Ratio (MLR), and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) were calculated from the obtained CBC parameters for all cases. The values were expressed as mean and standard deviation, and an independent t-test was used to compare the two groups. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Malignant breast lesions showed a significant increase in neutrophils (64.1±8.4%) and a significant decrease in lymphocytes (25.9±8%) and MPV (7.6±0.76 pg) compared to benign breast cases. The calculated ratios, such as NLR (2.9±1.7), MLR (0.32±0.2), and PLR (14.4±8), were also found to be increased in malignant cases. However, there were no significant variations in CBC parameters across the various stages of breast malignancy. Conclusion: Among the CBC parameters evaluated, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, MPV, NLR, MLR, and PLR were significantly altered in breast malignancy compared to benign breast masses. Measuring CBC parameters and their derived ratios are fast, simple, inexpensive, and readily available method that can assist physicians in predicting breast malignancy.
{"title":"Diagnostics Role of Haematological Parameters in Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: A Retrospective Observational Study from a Tertiary Healthcare Centre in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Parves Anwer, P. Rajeswaran","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/62635.18237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/62635.18237","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in women, and despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, it still leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Distinguishing between benign and malignant breast disease is clinically challenging, and there is currently no serum biomarker available for early breast cancer detection. As part of the preoperative work-up for breast lesions, a Complete Blood Count (CBC) analysis is typically performed. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of CBC parameters in diagnosing malignant breast lesions and to analyse the diagnostic role of haematological parameters within benign and malignant breast lesions, as well as different histological breast cancer stages. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted for one year, from January to December 2021, at the Department of Pathology of PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The study included 60 female patients with both benign and malignant breast lesions. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnoses of these lesions. CBC parameters, including haemoglobin, Total White Cell Count (TWBC), neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), were collected from a total of 120 cases. Additionally, the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), MonocyteLymphocyte Ratio (MLR), and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) were calculated from the obtained CBC parameters for all cases. The values were expressed as mean and standard deviation, and an independent t-test was used to compare the two groups. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Malignant breast lesions showed a significant increase in neutrophils (64.1±8.4%) and a significant decrease in lymphocytes (25.9±8%) and MPV (7.6±0.76 pg) compared to benign breast cases. The calculated ratios, such as NLR (2.9±1.7), MLR (0.32±0.2), and PLR (14.4±8), were also found to be increased in malignant cases. However, there were no significant variations in CBC parameters across the various stages of breast malignancy. Conclusion: Among the CBC parameters evaluated, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, MPV, NLR, MLR, and PLR were significantly altered in breast malignancy compared to benign breast masses. Measuring CBC parameters and their derived ratios are fast, simple, inexpensive, and readily available method that can assist physicians in predicting breast malignancy.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89791517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/59884.17502
L. S. Devi, Mukesh Sharma, Moumita Sardar
Introduction: Attributable to the difficulties in specimen collection, discomfort and symptoms caused on by Nasopharyngeal (NPS) and Oropharyngeal Swab (OPS) collection, and significant risk to Healthcare Workers (HCW), evaluation of an alternative specimen for the diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is required. Saliva specimen could be an alternative specimen with many advantages over NPS and OPS, however little is known about how well it performs this purpose. Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of saliva as a viable and simple alternative specimen to NPS and OPS for COVID-19 Real-Time reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Haryana, India, from July 2020 to December 2020. A total of 60 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic COVID-19 patients were recruited for the study and specimen viz., saliva, NPS and OPS were collected at four different sampling points i.e., on day 1, 5, 7 and 14 after confirmation of COVID-19 rRT-PCR test positivity. Data obtained from the study was analysed and expressed as median, frequency, interquartile range and Chi-square test was done for comparison of categorical variables. Results: Majority of the patients in symptomatic hospitalised COVID-19 patients were males (n=49, 81.7%) and remaining were females (n=11, 18.3%) and in asymptomatic group 8 (40%) were males and 12 (60%) were females. Saliva was the most sensitive specimen (74.2%), followed by NPS, Naso Oropharyngeal Swab (NOPS) with 70.8% each and OPS (65.8%) for detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in symptomatic patients at four different sampling points. Comparable findings were also observed in specimens obtained from asymptomatic individuals as well. In addition, the viral load was also highest in saliva sample, as measured by Cycle Threshold (CT)-value. Across all specimen types, high viral load (lower CT-values) was observed during the early period of infection. Majority of the study participants reported discomfort during NPS and OPS collection (90% and 85%, respectively), lacrimation, sneezing and gag reflex being the most commonly reported induced symptoms. Conclusion: In the present study, saliva could be a viable and alternate specimen for COVID-19 diagnosis due to its ease in sample collection, specimen stability and reduced risk of transmission of infection due to droplets.
{"title":"Saliva as a Viable and Simple Alternative to Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs for COVID-19 Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction","authors":"L. S. Devi, Mukesh Sharma, Moumita Sardar","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/59884.17502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/59884.17502","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Attributable to the difficulties in specimen collection, discomfort and symptoms caused on by Nasopharyngeal (NPS) and Oropharyngeal Swab (OPS) collection, and significant risk to Healthcare Workers (HCW), evaluation of an alternative specimen for the diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is required. Saliva specimen could be an alternative specimen with many advantages over NPS and OPS, however little is known about how well it performs this purpose. Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of saliva as a viable and simple alternative specimen to NPS and OPS for COVID-19 Real-Time reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Haryana, India, from July 2020 to December 2020. A total of 60 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic COVID-19 patients were recruited for the study and specimen viz., saliva, NPS and OPS were collected at four different sampling points i.e., on day 1, 5, 7 and 14 after confirmation of COVID-19 rRT-PCR test positivity. Data obtained from the study was analysed and expressed as median, frequency, interquartile range and Chi-square test was done for comparison of categorical variables. Results: Majority of the patients in symptomatic hospitalised COVID-19 patients were males (n=49, 81.7%) and remaining were females (n=11, 18.3%) and in asymptomatic group 8 (40%) were males and 12 (60%) were females. Saliva was the most sensitive specimen (74.2%), followed by NPS, Naso Oropharyngeal Swab (NOPS) with 70.8% each and OPS (65.8%) for detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in symptomatic patients at four different sampling points. Comparable findings were also observed in specimens obtained from asymptomatic individuals as well. In addition, the viral load was also highest in saliva sample, as measured by Cycle Threshold (CT)-value. Across all specimen types, high viral load (lower CT-values) was observed during the early period of infection. Majority of the study participants reported discomfort during NPS and OPS collection (90% and 85%, respectively), lacrimation, sneezing and gag reflex being the most commonly reported induced symptoms. Conclusion: In the present study, saliva could be a viable and alternate specimen for COVID-19 diagnosis due to its ease in sample collection, specimen stability and reduced risk of transmission of infection due to droplets.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89904230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/65646.18298
Janvi M Gandhi, G. Jeevanandan, L. Govindaraju
Introduction: Pulpectomy in primary teeth involves various steps, including tooth isolation, access opening, canal instrumentation, and obturation. Lubricants are commonly used in the biomechanical preparation of root canals to suspend and emulsify debris generated by the mechanical action of hand and rotary files. While paste-type lubricants (Prime Dental RC Help) and aqueous lubricants (17% aqueous Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA]) are available for use, there is a lack of studies in the literature documenting the effects of these lubricants on file fracture, obturation quality, and postoperative pain. Aim: To compare the effects of paste-type lubricants with aqueous lubricants on file breakage, quality of obturation, and postoperative pain in children treated with pulpectomy in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial involved 40 primary teeth, evenly distributed for instrumentation using Kedo-S Plus pediatric rotary files. In Group 1 (n=20), paste-type lubricant was used during canal preparation, while in Group 2 (n=20), aqueous lubricant was used. The clinician recorded data on file fractures, evaluated the quality of obturation using immediate postoperative radiographs, and measured postoperative pain using the Four-point facial pain intensity rating scale. Descriptive statistics were performed once the data was tabulated. Results: Total of 40 primary teeth were included, participants aged 4-9 years, 22 girls and 18 boys. There was no incidence of file fracture in the group-2 treated with aqueous lubricants. Regarding the quality of obturation, the group-1 treated with paste-type lubricant had a higher number of under-fill and over-fill cases (p=0.002, 0.001), while no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of optimal fill (p=0.661). At 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, there was no difference in pain experienced by the participants in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: During rotary instrumentation in primary teeth, aqueous lubricants were found to be more effective than pastetype lubricants in preventing file breakage, providing optimal obturation quality, and reducing postoperative pain.
{"title":"Evaluation of Paste and Aqueous Lubricants on the Incidence of File Breakage, Quality of Obturation and Postoperative Pain in Children after Pulpectomy in Primary Teeth: A Randomised Clinical Trial","authors":"Janvi M Gandhi, G. Jeevanandan, L. Govindaraju","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/65646.18298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/65646.18298","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pulpectomy in primary teeth involves various steps, including tooth isolation, access opening, canal instrumentation, and obturation. Lubricants are commonly used in the biomechanical preparation of root canals to suspend and emulsify debris generated by the mechanical action of hand and rotary files. While paste-type lubricants (Prime Dental RC Help) and aqueous lubricants (17% aqueous Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA]) are available for use, there is a lack of studies in the literature documenting the effects of these lubricants on file fracture, obturation quality, and postoperative pain. Aim: To compare the effects of paste-type lubricants with aqueous lubricants on file breakage, quality of obturation, and postoperative pain in children treated with pulpectomy in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial involved 40 primary teeth, evenly distributed for instrumentation using Kedo-S Plus pediatric rotary files. In Group 1 (n=20), paste-type lubricant was used during canal preparation, while in Group 2 (n=20), aqueous lubricant was used. The clinician recorded data on file fractures, evaluated the quality of obturation using immediate postoperative radiographs, and measured postoperative pain using the Four-point facial pain intensity rating scale. Descriptive statistics were performed once the data was tabulated. Results: Total of 40 primary teeth were included, participants aged 4-9 years, 22 girls and 18 boys. There was no incidence of file fracture in the group-2 treated with aqueous lubricants. Regarding the quality of obturation, the group-1 treated with paste-type lubricant had a higher number of under-fill and over-fill cases (p=0.002, 0.001), while no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of optimal fill (p=0.661). At 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, there was no difference in pain experienced by the participants in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: During rotary instrumentation in primary teeth, aqueous lubricants were found to be more effective than pastetype lubricants in preventing file breakage, providing optimal obturation quality, and reducing postoperative pain.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90548172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/62081.17571
A. Aggarwal, S. Jethani, RK Rohatgi, Juhi Kalra
Introduction: Fluoxetine is a prototype drug of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) group of antidepressants. SSRIs help prostatic disease patients by improving life, decreasing the requirement of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic medication, decreasing the pain in the genital area, pain, and difficulty during urination, and improving urinary flow. Aim: To investigate histological changes in the prostate (dorsolateral lobe) produced by different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day) of fluoxetine given for different duration (Phases) in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was done in the Anatomy Department, Himalayan Institute Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA. The duration of the study was twelve months from May 2009-April 2010. Present study was done on 36 adult male albino rats divided into Control (Group 1) and Experimental (Group 2, 3 and 4). Rats respectively received 10 mg/kg/day, 20 mg/kg/day, and 40 mg/kg/day of fluoxetine Intraperitoneally (I/P) for phases of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Prostate (dorsolateral lobe) tissue was collected, processed, and examined in a light microscope after Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Morphometric and statistical analysis (mean, standard deviation and student’s t-test) was done. Results: Group 2 rats received fluoxetine for 12 weeks, Group 3 rats received fluoxetine for 4 weeks and 12 weeks, and Group 4 rats received fluoxetine for 7-10 days showed histological changes in the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate gland and stroma in the form of Smooth Muscle (SM) hypertrophy, epithelial cell changes (become cuboidal to flatten), epithelial cell degeneration, decreased diameter of the prostate acinus, and decrease in epithelial infoldings. Conclusion: Fluoxetine (SSRI) alters the histology (both glandular acini as well as stroma) of the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate if used in low doses for a long duration, moderate doses for a few weeks and also for a long duration, and high dose for one week. This changed histology might be helpful in relieving the symptoms, pain, and discomfort felt by prostatic disease patients.
{"title":"Dose and Duration Dependent Effect of Fluoxetine on Dorsolateral Lobe of Prostate of Albino Rats-An Experimental Study","authors":"A. Aggarwal, S. Jethani, RK Rohatgi, Juhi Kalra","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/62081.17571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/62081.17571","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fluoxetine is a prototype drug of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) group of antidepressants. SSRIs help prostatic disease patients by improving life, decreasing the requirement of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic medication, decreasing the pain in the genital area, pain, and difficulty during urination, and improving urinary flow. Aim: To investigate histological changes in the prostate (dorsolateral lobe) produced by different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day) of fluoxetine given for different duration (Phases) in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was done in the Anatomy Department, Himalayan Institute Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA. The duration of the study was twelve months from May 2009-April 2010. Present study was done on 36 adult male albino rats divided into Control (Group 1) and Experimental (Group 2, 3 and 4). Rats respectively received 10 mg/kg/day, 20 mg/kg/day, and 40 mg/kg/day of fluoxetine Intraperitoneally (I/P) for phases of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Prostate (dorsolateral lobe) tissue was collected, processed, and examined in a light microscope after Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Morphometric and statistical analysis (mean, standard deviation and student’s t-test) was done. Results: Group 2 rats received fluoxetine for 12 weeks, Group 3 rats received fluoxetine for 4 weeks and 12 weeks, and Group 4 rats received fluoxetine for 7-10 days showed histological changes in the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate gland and stroma in the form of Smooth Muscle (SM) hypertrophy, epithelial cell changes (become cuboidal to flatten), epithelial cell degeneration, decreased diameter of the prostate acinus, and decrease in epithelial infoldings. Conclusion: Fluoxetine (SSRI) alters the histology (both glandular acini as well as stroma) of the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate if used in low doses for a long duration, moderate doses for a few weeks and also for a long duration, and high dose for one week. This changed histology might be helpful in relieving the symptoms, pain, and discomfort felt by prostatic disease patients.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90691288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/58723.17229
V. Meghashri, A. Raveesha, G. ., Charchit P. Mehta, M. Deepthi
Introduction: Assessment of functional capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients helps in determining the severity of the disease. While spirometry is the gold standard, six Minutes Walk Test (6MWT) and one minute Sit To Stand Test (STST) are simple and practical tests to assess exercise capacity and physical condition. Aim: To find the diagnostic accuracy of these of 6MWT and one minute STST in comparison with spirometry. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India, from January 2019 to December 2019. All cases of COPD diagnosed using GOLD 2018 criteria were included in the study. Patients performed 6MWT and one minute STST. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, SpO2, dyspnea, and fatigue (Borg scale) were noted pretest and posttest. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and diagnostic accuracy of the screening test with the decided cut-off values along with their 95% CI were presented. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.09±8.31,while there were 112 (94.9%) males and 6 (5.1%) female. Overall, 81.54% of the participants had severe/very severe COPD group, walked <332.49 meters, and only 18.46% could walk more than 332.50 m. SpO2 decreased from 93.98±0.82 to 91.75±1.39. During the one minute STST SpO2 decreased from 93.98±0.82 to 91.75±1.39. A positive correlation was observed between the one minute STST, and it had good predictive validity in predicting COPD as compared with spirometry (area under the curve of 0.915 95% CI 0.866 to 0.963, p-value <0.001). 6MWT has a sensitivity of 81.54%, the specificity of 79.25%, and one minute STST had a sensitivity of 89.23%, specificity of 67.92% in predicting COPD. Conclusion: In a remote clinical setting where spirometry is not available, 6MWT and one minute STST are the best methods for assessing COPD severity.
{"title":"Correlation of Six Minute Walking Test, Sit to Stand Test and Pulmonary Function Test in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","authors":"V. Meghashri, A. Raveesha, G. ., Charchit P. Mehta, M. Deepthi","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/58723.17229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/58723.17229","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Assessment of functional capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients helps in determining the severity of the disease. While spirometry is the gold standard, six Minutes Walk Test (6MWT) and one minute Sit To Stand Test (STST) are simple and practical tests to assess exercise capacity and physical condition. Aim: To find the diagnostic accuracy of these of 6MWT and one minute STST in comparison with spirometry. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India, from January 2019 to December 2019. All cases of COPD diagnosed using GOLD 2018 criteria were included in the study. Patients performed 6MWT and one minute STST. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, SpO2, dyspnea, and fatigue (Borg scale) were noted pretest and posttest. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and diagnostic accuracy of the screening test with the decided cut-off values along with their 95% CI were presented. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.09±8.31,while there were 112 (94.9%) males and 6 (5.1%) female. Overall, 81.54% of the participants had severe/very severe COPD group, walked <332.49 meters, and only 18.46% could walk more than 332.50 m. SpO2 decreased from 93.98±0.82 to 91.75±1.39. During the one minute STST SpO2 decreased from 93.98±0.82 to 91.75±1.39. A positive correlation was observed between the one minute STST, and it had good predictive validity in predicting COPD as compared with spirometry (area under the curve of 0.915 95% CI 0.866 to 0.963, p-value <0.001). 6MWT has a sensitivity of 81.54%, the specificity of 79.25%, and one minute STST had a sensitivity of 89.23%, specificity of 67.92% in predicting COPD. Conclusion: In a remote clinical setting where spirometry is not available, 6MWT and one minute STST are the best methods for assessing COPD severity.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90705460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/61774.17698
Introduction: For successful endodontics, there should be proper cleaning and shaping of the canal before the obturation. Various agitation techniques help in the removal of the debris and smear layer. With the removal of this debris and smear layer, there will be a better opening of dentinal tubules and penetration of sealer in the tubule. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of removal of debris and smear layer from prepared root canals by comparing ultrasonic agitation, F-file agitation, and NaviTip FX needle agitation using Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and SmearClear as irrigants. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study included 60 bilaterally matched pairs of extracted human premolar teeth with single canal and mature apices, were collected. All teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were grooved longitudinally on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Instrumentation was done using K3 rotary files up to #40 and irrigation was carried out using 2 mL syringes mounted with Max-i-probe needles. Agitation procedure (n=10 for each group) was done as follows. Group 1: Ultrasonic agitation of 2.5% NaOCl for 30 seconds. Group 2: F-file agitation of 2.5% NaOCl for 30 seconds Group 3: NaviTip FX agitation of 2.5% NaOCl for one minute continuously. Group 4: Ultrasonic agitation of SmearClear for 30 seconds. Group 5: F-file agitation of SmearClear for 30 seconds. Group 6: NaviTip FX agitation of SmearClear for one minute continuously. The roots were split into two halves using a chisel and mallet. The amount of debris and smear layer was assessed using SEM at 1000X magnification at each root canal’s coronal, middle, and apical areas. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Statistically significant difference was obtained in the reduction of debris and smear layer between 2.5% NaOCl and SmearClear. Ultrasonic agitation of SmearClear was better than F-file agitation and NaviTip FX. In both debris and smear layer removal (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasonic agitation of SmearClear was better than F-file agitation and NaviTip FX agitation. SmearClear produced better removal of debris and smear layer than 2.5% NaOCl.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Ultrasonic, F-File, and NaviTip FX Needle Agitation Techniques on Removal of Root Canal Debris and Smear Layer Using Two Different Irrigants: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study","authors":"","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/61774.17698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/61774.17698","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: For successful endodontics, there should be proper cleaning and shaping of the canal before the obturation. Various agitation techniques help in the removal of the debris and smear layer. With the removal of this debris and smear layer, there will be a better opening of dentinal tubules and penetration of sealer in the tubule. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of removal of debris and smear layer from prepared root canals by comparing ultrasonic agitation, F-file agitation, and NaviTip FX needle agitation using Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and SmearClear as irrigants. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study included 60 bilaterally matched pairs of extracted human premolar teeth with single canal and mature apices, were collected. All teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were grooved longitudinally on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Instrumentation was done using K3 rotary files up to #40 and irrigation was carried out using 2 mL syringes mounted with Max-i-probe needles. Agitation procedure (n=10 for each group) was done as follows. Group 1: Ultrasonic agitation of 2.5% NaOCl for 30 seconds. Group 2: F-file agitation of 2.5% NaOCl for 30 seconds Group 3: NaviTip FX agitation of 2.5% NaOCl for one minute continuously. Group 4: Ultrasonic agitation of SmearClear for 30 seconds. Group 5: F-file agitation of SmearClear for 30 seconds. Group 6: NaviTip FX agitation of SmearClear for one minute continuously. The roots were split into two halves using a chisel and mallet. The amount of debris and smear layer was assessed using SEM at 1000X magnification at each root canal’s coronal, middle, and apical areas. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Statistically significant difference was obtained in the reduction of debris and smear layer between 2.5% NaOCl and SmearClear. Ultrasonic agitation of SmearClear was better than F-file agitation and NaviTip FX. In both debris and smear layer removal (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasonic agitation of SmearClear was better than F-file agitation and NaviTip FX agitation. SmearClear produced better removal of debris and smear layer than 2.5% NaOCl.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"21 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90730847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/56792.18004
A. L. Priya, Patil N Ravi
Tuberculosis (TB) in pregnancy is a major health problem which possess a sustainable risk of morbidity to mother and fetus if not diagnosed and treated at correct time. The diagnosis in pregnancy is challenging, especially in the absence of lung involvement. It usually mimics other diseases as most of the patients with extra pulmonary TB present usually with nonspecific symptoms which misleads the diagnosis. Hence, it is very important to address even nonspecific symptoms in pregnancy as a neglected diagnosis and delayed treatment may lead to severe perinatal morbidity and mortality like fetal distress, preterm delivery, fetal growth retardation, seizures due to intra cranial space occupying lesion, perforation of intestinal lesions, pneumoperitonitis, high chances of intensive care unit admission for mother and neonate. Hereby, authors report two cases, one about a 29-year-old primigravida with numbness and paresthesia of unilateral limbs. She was diagnosed of intracranial tuberculoma and treated with Antitubercular Drugs (ATT) for nine months. She underwent a cesarean section in view of an intracranial space-occupying lesion. Another patient was a prima gravida who presented with persistent gastroenteritis symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea. She was diagnosed to have ileocecal mass with suspicion of malignancy or infectious aetiology. In view of deteriorating maternal condition, emergency cesarean section was done along with resection of ileocecal mass. On histopathological examination it was found to be ileocecal TB and she was started on ATT.
{"title":"Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Pregnancy: A Case Report","authors":"A. L. Priya, Patil N Ravi","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/56792.18004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/56792.18004","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) in pregnancy is a major health problem which possess a sustainable risk of morbidity to mother and fetus if not diagnosed and treated at correct time. The diagnosis in pregnancy is challenging, especially in the absence of lung involvement. It usually mimics other diseases as most of the patients with extra pulmonary TB present usually with nonspecific symptoms which misleads the diagnosis. Hence, it is very important to address even nonspecific symptoms in pregnancy as a neglected diagnosis and delayed treatment may lead to severe perinatal morbidity and mortality like fetal distress, preterm delivery, fetal growth retardation, seizures due to intra cranial space occupying lesion, perforation of intestinal lesions, pneumoperitonitis, high chances of intensive care unit admission for mother and neonate. Hereby, authors report two cases, one about a 29-year-old primigravida with numbness and paresthesia of unilateral limbs. She was diagnosed of intracranial tuberculoma and treated with Antitubercular Drugs (ATT) for nine months. She underwent a cesarean section in view of an intracranial space-occupying lesion. Another patient was a prima gravida who presented with persistent gastroenteritis symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea. She was diagnosed to have ileocecal mass with suspicion of malignancy or infectious aetiology. In view of deteriorating maternal condition, emergency cesarean section was done along with resection of ileocecal mass. On histopathological examination it was found to be ileocecal TB and she was started on ATT.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90762843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/61626.17688
Lincy Joseph, Jassal Mathew, KP Nabeela
Metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma to Paranasal Sinuses (PNS) is extremely rare. Usually, they metastasise to the pelvic lymph nodes and bones of the axial skeleton. Authors hereby, present a case of a 71-year-old male patient with diplopia on left lateral gaze and frontal headache since two months. On examination, he had left lateral rectus palsy. Computed Tomography (CT) Brain was normal. CT PNS and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain revealed an ill-defined isodense lesion causing clival erosion and extending anteriorly to the sphenoid sinus. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal excision. The histopathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done for further evaluation which showed both CK7 and CK20 to be negative. Hence, sinonasal carcinoma was excluded and possibility of metastatic tumour was considered. Ultrasonography (USG) abdomen was normal and further IHC showed Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) positivity. Elevated serum PSA and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan confirmed primary carcinoma prostate with multiple skeletal metastases. The patient was treated with a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) antagonist and an antiandrogen which showed good response. So, the possibility of metastasis from an occult primary prostate carcinoma was considered as the differential diagnosis in an elderly patient presenting with sinonasal mass. Hence, proper screening and IHC studies are mandatory for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
{"title":"Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma Masquerading as Primary Sphenoid Sinus Tumour: A Case Report","authors":"Lincy Joseph, Jassal Mathew, KP Nabeela","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/61626.17688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/61626.17688","url":null,"abstract":"Metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma to Paranasal Sinuses (PNS) is extremely rare. Usually, they metastasise to the pelvic lymph nodes and bones of the axial skeleton. Authors hereby, present a case of a 71-year-old male patient with diplopia on left lateral gaze and frontal headache since two months. On examination, he had left lateral rectus palsy. Computed Tomography (CT) Brain was normal. CT PNS and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain revealed an ill-defined isodense lesion causing clival erosion and extending anteriorly to the sphenoid sinus. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal excision. The histopathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done for further evaluation which showed both CK7 and CK20 to be negative. Hence, sinonasal carcinoma was excluded and possibility of metastatic tumour was considered. Ultrasonography (USG) abdomen was normal and further IHC showed Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) positivity. Elevated serum PSA and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan confirmed primary carcinoma prostate with multiple skeletal metastases. The patient was treated with a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) antagonist and an antiandrogen which showed good response. So, the possibility of metastasis from an occult primary prostate carcinoma was considered as the differential diagnosis in an elderly patient presenting with sinonasal mass. Hence, proper screening and IHC studies are mandatory for accurate diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"40 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90880087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/56550.17671
P. Thakkar, M. Iyengar
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is not a disease, however a syndrome advanced characterised by associate aberrant management of movement or posture, that seems early in life and ends up in long motor incapacity. The underlying causes of CP are still poorly understood. Many individual risk factors of CP are known, however less is understood concerning their interaction and the way they could relate to completely different pathophysiological pathways. The risk factors may be prenatal, intrapartum, neonatal or combined. Articles were searched to identify risk factors for CP, published from 2001 to 2021. A total of 43 relevant articles including randomised and non randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and comparative studies were included in this review. From selected analysis reports, most of the studies enclosed within the review showed sturdy strength of association as a causative factor responsible for CP. From this review, it had been ended that multiple risk factors overcome the defence mechanisms and lead to CP. Although any one factor, if severe, may be sufficient to cause CP so preventive strategies and early intervention for high-risk infants are needed.
{"title":"Narrative Review on Prenatal, Intrapartum and Neonatal Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy in Children","authors":"P. Thakkar, M. Iyengar","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/56550.17671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/56550.17671","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral Palsy (CP) is not a disease, however a syndrome advanced characterised by associate aberrant management of movement or posture, that seems early in life and ends up in long motor incapacity. The underlying causes of CP are still poorly understood. Many individual risk factors of CP are known, however less is understood concerning their interaction and the way they could relate to completely different pathophysiological pathways. The risk factors may be prenatal, intrapartum, neonatal or combined. Articles were searched to identify risk factors for CP, published from 2001 to 2021. A total of 43 relevant articles including randomised and non randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and comparative studies were included in this review. From selected analysis reports, most of the studies enclosed within the review showed sturdy strength of association as a causative factor responsible for CP. From this review, it had been ended that multiple risk factors overcome the defence mechanisms and lead to CP. Although any one factor, if severe, may be sufficient to cause CP so preventive strategies and early intervention for high-risk infants are needed.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87019240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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