Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/60342.17958
S. Siva, S. Kishore, J. Ravi
Introduction: Midline diastema is one of the most common aesthetic complaints in mixed and sometimes in permanent dentition stage. High frenal attachment is the major aetiological factor causing midline spacing. Combined frenectomy and orthodontic treatment can be done to close the midline diastema which may also increase the stability and reduce relapse. Aim: To assess the stability of midline diastema closure by using frenectomy and orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted about clinical trials showing the stability of midline diastema closure by using frenectomy and orthodontic treatment, articles were searched from 1995 to 2022. A total of 521 articles were retrieved. Among these 433 articles were screened. The risk of bias was assessed for all the studies included in this review. Results: A total of five studies were included in the systematic review which has clinical trials showing the stability of midline diastema closure in patients having midline diastema of at least 0.5 mm. Four studies using orthodontic treatment has shown some amount of relapse and one study using orthodontic treatment and frenectomy has shown prominent closure of median diastema. Conclusion: Closure of maxillary median diastema is more prominent when it is performed by using combined frenectomy and orthodontic treatment than orthodontic treatment alone and the risk of relapse is minimal. However, furthermore clinical studies are required to confirm the stability of midline diastema closure by using orthodontic treatment and frenectomy.
{"title":"Stability of Midline Diastema Closure by Frenectomy and Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review","authors":"S. Siva, S. Kishore, J. Ravi","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/60342.17958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/60342.17958","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Midline diastema is one of the most common aesthetic complaints in mixed and sometimes in permanent dentition stage. High frenal attachment is the major aetiological factor causing midline spacing. Combined frenectomy and orthodontic treatment can be done to close the midline diastema which may also increase the stability and reduce relapse. Aim: To assess the stability of midline diastema closure by using frenectomy and orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted about clinical trials showing the stability of midline diastema closure by using frenectomy and orthodontic treatment, articles were searched from 1995 to 2022. A total of 521 articles were retrieved. Among these 433 articles were screened. The risk of bias was assessed for all the studies included in this review. Results: A total of five studies were included in the systematic review which has clinical trials showing the stability of midline diastema closure in patients having midline diastema of at least 0.5 mm. Four studies using orthodontic treatment has shown some amount of relapse and one study using orthodontic treatment and frenectomy has shown prominent closure of median diastema. Conclusion: Closure of maxillary median diastema is more prominent when it is performed by using combined frenectomy and orthodontic treatment than orthodontic treatment alone and the risk of relapse is minimal. However, furthermore clinical studies are required to confirm the stability of midline diastema closure by using orthodontic treatment and frenectomy.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79329359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/63105.17759
T. Jeyalaksmi, E. S. S. Priya
Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus (PS) is common among the young male adult population. There are multiple treatment options available ranging from non medical and surgical procedures. Medical management is not in vogue. This case series is about 10 patients with a common manifestation of serous discharge from the sinus in the sacrococcygeal region. The patients warranted a definitive cure for their condition. Though not life-threatening, it is socially embarrassing and adversely affects the quality of life in terms of education and livelihood among the young. The Limberg flap technique was advocated in all these patients, only one out of 10 patients showed wound infection. All the patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome. The surgical choices varied from simple excision to flap procedures. Overall the Limberg (rhomboid) flap technique has fewer postoperative complications and low recurrence rate and has a shorter learning curve, and is emerging as the standard of care.
{"title":"Limberg Transposition Flap in Primary Pilonidal Sinus- A Case Series","authors":"T. Jeyalaksmi, E. S. S. Priya","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/63105.17759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/63105.17759","url":null,"abstract":"Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus (PS) is common among the young male adult population. There are multiple treatment options available ranging from non medical and surgical procedures. Medical management is not in vogue. This case series is about 10 patients with a common manifestation of serous discharge from the sinus in the sacrococcygeal region. The patients warranted a definitive cure for their condition. Though not life-threatening, it is socially embarrassing and adversely affects the quality of life in terms of education and livelihood among the young. The Limberg flap technique was advocated in all these patients, only one out of 10 patients showed wound infection. All the patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome. The surgical choices varied from simple excision to flap procedures. Overall the Limberg (rhomboid) flap technique has fewer postoperative complications and low recurrence rate and has a shorter learning curve, and is emerging as the standard of care.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76159623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/60719.17632
P. D. Lanjekar, Sagar Gaurkar
The pressure changes in Middle Ear (ME) are due to the effect of both fluid and pressure, which can be detected by tympanometry. In this review article, the mathematical and formal model of regulation of ME pressure is discussed. The air pressure in the ME chamber and the surrounding environment are the same. The auditory tube is a common connection between the ME chamber and the nasopharynx. The main functional role of the auditory tube is the ventilation of ME. When a person breathes air through an auditory tube, it enters into the ME and ventilates it. The ossicles in the ME collect sound from the tympanic membrane and transfer it to the inner ear, which requires proper ventilation of the ME. The auditory tube maintains ME pressure, the same as the external auditory canal and outside pressure. If an auditory tube is blocked, it leads to failure to ventilate ME, leading to changes in ME pressure. Swallowing and yawning allow the passive opening of the auditory tube and thus results in air flow out of the chamber. Easy and passive air exchange is allowed from the ME to the pharynx if, the pressure in the ME is higher than in the surrounding environment. ME pressure is highly variable and can change in many conditions. ME pressures increase when the body rotates from a vertical to a horizontal position because it increases the effusion of the ME mucosa due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure, which leads to an increase in the perfusion rate. Therefore, pressure increases in the case of sleeping and drowsiness. Regulation of ME pressure is a physiological process in which pressure between ME and the surrounding environment is maintained at equilibrium. The mechanism of pressure regulation is possible because of the complex sensory neural reflex pathway. A laser doppler vibrometer measures displacement of the tympanic membrane in response to sound and ME compliance is calculated by tympanometry. The movement of the tympanic membrane reduces due to the combined effect of fluid and pressure on the ME. The ME functions are altered due to the negative pressure of the fluid rather than the positive pressure.
{"title":"Middle Ear Function Changes due to the Combined Effect of Pressure along with Fluid in Middle Ear Pressure Regulation- A Review","authors":"P. D. Lanjekar, Sagar Gaurkar","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/60719.17632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/60719.17632","url":null,"abstract":"The pressure changes in Middle Ear (ME) are due to the effect of both fluid and pressure, which can be detected by tympanometry. In this review article, the mathematical and formal model of regulation of ME pressure is discussed. The air pressure in the ME chamber and the surrounding environment are the same. The auditory tube is a common connection between the ME chamber and the nasopharynx. The main functional role of the auditory tube is the ventilation of ME. When a person breathes air through an auditory tube, it enters into the ME and ventilates it. The ossicles in the ME collect sound from the tympanic membrane and transfer it to the inner ear, which requires proper ventilation of the ME. The auditory tube maintains ME pressure, the same as the external auditory canal and outside pressure. If an auditory tube is blocked, it leads to failure to ventilate ME, leading to changes in ME pressure. Swallowing and yawning allow the passive opening of the auditory tube and thus results in air flow out of the chamber. Easy and passive air exchange is allowed from the ME to the pharynx if, the pressure in the ME is higher than in the surrounding environment. ME pressure is highly variable and can change in many conditions. ME pressures increase when the body rotates from a vertical to a horizontal position because it increases the effusion of the ME mucosa due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure, which leads to an increase in the perfusion rate. Therefore, pressure increases in the case of sleeping and drowsiness. Regulation of ME pressure is a physiological process in which pressure between ME and the surrounding environment is maintained at equilibrium. The mechanism of pressure regulation is possible because of the complex sensory neural reflex pathway. A laser doppler vibrometer measures displacement of the tympanic membrane in response to sound and ME compliance is calculated by tympanometry. The movement of the tympanic membrane reduces due to the combined effect of fluid and pressure on the ME. The ME functions are altered due to the negative pressure of the fluid rather than the positive pressure.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76238926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/59103.17577
D. Dastidar, Rakhi Sanyal, N. Dastidar, Tirna Halder
Introduction: Cardiovascular disorders have long been considered as one of the leading causes of mortality in India, which when presented with concurrent Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) infection becomes even more fatal. Evidence suggests that COVID-19 affects the cardiovascular system by causing exuberant cytokinaemia, which results in endothelial inflammation and microvascular thrombosis, leading to multiorgan failure. Aim: To analyse the outcome of the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients presenting with cardiac angina during the second wave of COVID-19 in India. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective data analysis of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients hospitalised with angina was conducted between April 2021 to June 2021 at Bardhhaman Medical College and Hospital located at Bardhdhaman district of West Bengal, India. A total of 1235 patients underwent all regular biochemical, haematological and cardiac investigations after undergoing test for COVID-19 test. Data was retrospectively collected. The outcome of these patients was analysed. Estimation of mean, standard deviation, percentage, p-value (from Pearson’s correlation) was performed to establish the aim of the study. Results: Seventy six out of 1235 patients tested positive for asymptomatic COVID-19. The mean age of this study population was 55.075±10.95 years, of which were 55 male and 21 female. Hypertension was the most prevalent co-morbidity followed by diabetes, 73 (96%) presented with chest pain. A total of 47(62%) of these 76 patients had ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Eleven (14.4%) underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) whereas 36 (47.3%) underwent fibrinolytic therapy with tenecteplase, followed by secondary PCI in 27 (75%) of them. Rest 29 (38%) were medically managed for unstable angina. Mortality rate was as low as 6.5%. Age and comorbidity were the contributing factors for STEMI among asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The results indicate that age and comorbidity are the factors, which lead to death or increases the life risk among patients with asymptomatic COVID-19. In this study, we have established that for the current patient population STEMI and age are negatively corelated. Medical management with thrombolytic agent became a lot more accepted in this scenario. PCI still remains the gold standard to treat myocardial infarction. It is recommended that there should be an ICMR guided protocol for the management of such cases with the concurrent COVID-19.
{"title":"An Outcome Analysis of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients Presenting with Angina- A Retrospective Study","authors":"D. Dastidar, Rakhi Sanyal, N. Dastidar, Tirna Halder","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/59103.17577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/59103.17577","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiovascular disorders have long been considered as one of the leading causes of mortality in India, which when presented with concurrent Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) infection becomes even more fatal. Evidence suggests that COVID-19 affects the cardiovascular system by causing exuberant cytokinaemia, which results in endothelial inflammation and microvascular thrombosis, leading to multiorgan failure. Aim: To analyse the outcome of the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients presenting with cardiac angina during the second wave of COVID-19 in India. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective data analysis of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients hospitalised with angina was conducted between April 2021 to June 2021 at Bardhhaman Medical College and Hospital located at Bardhdhaman district of West Bengal, India. A total of 1235 patients underwent all regular biochemical, haematological and cardiac investigations after undergoing test for COVID-19 test. Data was retrospectively collected. The outcome of these patients was analysed. Estimation of mean, standard deviation, percentage, p-value (from Pearson’s correlation) was performed to establish the aim of the study. Results: Seventy six out of 1235 patients tested positive for asymptomatic COVID-19. The mean age of this study population was 55.075±10.95 years, of which were 55 male and 21 female. Hypertension was the most prevalent co-morbidity followed by diabetes, 73 (96%) presented with chest pain. A total of 47(62%) of these 76 patients had ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Eleven (14.4%) underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) whereas 36 (47.3%) underwent fibrinolytic therapy with tenecteplase, followed by secondary PCI in 27 (75%) of them. Rest 29 (38%) were medically managed for unstable angina. Mortality rate was as low as 6.5%. Age and comorbidity were the contributing factors for STEMI among asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The results indicate that age and comorbidity are the factors, which lead to death or increases the life risk among patients with asymptomatic COVID-19. In this study, we have established that for the current patient population STEMI and age are negatively corelated. Medical management with thrombolytic agent became a lot more accepted in this scenario. PCI still remains the gold standard to treat myocardial infarction. It is recommended that there should be an ICMR guided protocol for the management of such cases with the concurrent COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"2680 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86592650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/63822.17934
Shanmugam Reddy Praveen Kumar, M. Suparna, Varsha Ramani, T. Sumathy
Unilateral type I segmental Darier’s Disease (DD) is a rare variant of DD. It is characterised by eruptions which are erythematous and keratotic papules. The authors, hereby reporting a case of an 18-year-old male patient, who presented with waxy hyperpigmented keratotic papules on the right-side of the trunk and lower limb and was confirmed by histopathology and treated with oral acitretin, 25 mg once a day, which showed a marked clinical improvement within four months.
{"title":"Type I Segmental Darier’s Disease: Successful Treatment with Oral Acitretin- A Case Report","authors":"Shanmugam Reddy Praveen Kumar, M. Suparna, Varsha Ramani, T. Sumathy","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/63822.17934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/63822.17934","url":null,"abstract":"Unilateral type I segmental Darier’s Disease (DD) is a rare variant of DD. It is characterised by eruptions which are erythematous and keratotic papules. The authors, hereby reporting a case of an 18-year-old male patient, who presented with waxy hyperpigmented keratotic papules on the right-side of the trunk and lower limb and was confirmed by histopathology and treated with oral acitretin, 25 mg once a day, which showed a marked clinical improvement within four months.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86992880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/64368.18256
Lokesh Kumar, M. Karandikar, N. Mani, RC Nimbargi
Introduction: The 2016 World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of tumours of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS 2016 classification) is used to classify diffuse gliomas as astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma (ODG), glioblastoma which are three prognostically distinct groups based on Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1), alpha thalassaemia/mental retardation, x-linked (ATRX) mutations, p53 and 1p/19q co-deletion status. Although WHO CNS 2022 classification has been brought in use, it is based on molecular studies. In a resource limited setting like in many Indian diagnostic centres it’s difficult to apply the WHO CNS 2022 classification. It is felt that WHO CNS 2016 classification has not lost its utility. Aim: To investigate the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) status of IDH1, ATRX, p53 in diagnosis of diffuse glial tumours and to classify them according to WHO 2016. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India for two years and six months (July 2020 to December 2022). Thirty-two diffuse glioma cases and IHC markers IDH1, ATRX, p53 were evaluated. Ki-67 index was additionally done. Results: Total 32 cases were studied, 19 cases were male. Mean age of the patients was 40.13 years. Fourteen patients belonged to WHO Grade-II, 6 to Grade-III, and 12 to GradeIV. As per the IHC findings and histopathological features, there were 16 (50%) patients with diffuse astrocytoma, while 12 (37.5%) and 4 (12.5%) patients were diagnosed as glioblastoma and ODG respectively. Reclassification of these cases was done depending on IHC results where IDH1 was positive in 71.9% cases, ATRX was positive in 40.6% cases and p53 was positive in 15.6% cases. This result includes all the cases where these IHC markers showed reactivity. The diagnosis of four patients was modified based on findings of IHC markers. Conclusion: The study demonstrates subgrouping of gliomas based on IDH1, ATRX, p53. There was no significant association between grade of tumour and Ki-67 expression.
{"title":"Expression of IDH1, ATRX, p53 in Diagnosis of Gliomas as Per 2016 WHO Classification","authors":"Lokesh Kumar, M. Karandikar, N. Mani, RC Nimbargi","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/64368.18256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/64368.18256","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The 2016 World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of tumours of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS 2016 classification) is used to classify diffuse gliomas as astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma (ODG), glioblastoma which are three prognostically distinct groups based on Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1), alpha thalassaemia/mental retardation, x-linked (ATRX) mutations, p53 and 1p/19q co-deletion status. Although WHO CNS 2022 classification has been brought in use, it is based on molecular studies. In a resource limited setting like in many Indian diagnostic centres it’s difficult to apply the WHO CNS 2022 classification. It is felt that WHO CNS 2016 classification has not lost its utility. Aim: To investigate the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) status of IDH1, ATRX, p53 in diagnosis of diffuse glial tumours and to classify them according to WHO 2016. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India for two years and six months (July 2020 to December 2022). Thirty-two diffuse glioma cases and IHC markers IDH1, ATRX, p53 were evaluated. Ki-67 index was additionally done. Results: Total 32 cases were studied, 19 cases were male. Mean age of the patients was 40.13 years. Fourteen patients belonged to WHO Grade-II, 6 to Grade-III, and 12 to GradeIV. As per the IHC findings and histopathological features, there were 16 (50%) patients with diffuse astrocytoma, while 12 (37.5%) and 4 (12.5%) patients were diagnosed as glioblastoma and ODG respectively. Reclassification of these cases was done depending on IHC results where IDH1 was positive in 71.9% cases, ATRX was positive in 40.6% cases and p53 was positive in 15.6% cases. This result includes all the cases where these IHC markers showed reactivity. The diagnosis of four patients was modified based on findings of IHC markers. Conclusion: The study demonstrates subgrouping of gliomas based on IDH1, ATRX, p53. There was no significant association between grade of tumour and Ki-67 expression.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87155254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/64345.18299
B. Preeja, D. Bindhu, A. Rani
Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss.ex Schult is a woody, succulent, perennial herb belonging to the family Amaranthaceae commonly found in Asia and Africa. It is a common weed that grows everywhere in the plains of Asia. It is locally called ‘bui’or ‘polpala’. It is familiar in the name of knot grass. These are branching shrubs. This plant is included in Dasapushpam, the ten sacred flowers of Kerala. The different parts of the plant have different functions. It belongs to the group Pashanabheda used to cure urinary stone. This is a traditional plant in India used for many purposes including antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiasthmatic, antioxidant, anti-infertility, antihypoglycaemic, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, antitumour, hepatoprotective, diuretic and anti urolithiatic, and immunomodulatory. Aerva lanata plant comprises of many phytochemicals including alkaloid, flavanoid, phenol, tannin, protein, amino acid and carbohydrate, which are responsible for the pharmacological activity. This review focuses on the general information regarding the pharmacological value of the plant Aerva lanata.
{"title":"Pharmacological Properties of the Plant Aerva lanata-A Narrative Review","authors":"B. Preeja, D. Bindhu, A. Rani","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/64345.18299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/64345.18299","url":null,"abstract":"Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss.ex Schult is a woody, succulent, perennial herb belonging to the family Amaranthaceae commonly found in Asia and Africa. It is a common weed that grows everywhere in the plains of Asia. It is locally called ‘bui’or ‘polpala’. It is familiar in the name of knot grass. These are branching shrubs. This plant is included in Dasapushpam, the ten sacred flowers of Kerala. The different parts of the plant have different functions. It belongs to the group Pashanabheda used to cure urinary stone. This is a traditional plant in India used for many purposes including antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiasthmatic, antioxidant, anti-infertility, antihypoglycaemic, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, antitumour, hepatoprotective, diuretic and anti urolithiatic, and immunomodulatory. Aerva lanata plant comprises of many phytochemicals including alkaloid, flavanoid, phenol, tannin, protein, amino acid and carbohydrate, which are responsible for the pharmacological activity. This review focuses on the general information regarding the pharmacological value of the plant Aerva lanata.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87261656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/58178.17419
Shikha Sharma, S. Prakash
Introduction: Apart from the alcohol and tobacco which are considered as an important cause for carcinogenesis, periodontal infections have also been considered equally important cause for it. Infections are increasingly considered as potential trigger for carcinogenesis apart from alcohol and tobacco. The role of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in causing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), highlights the significance of the oral infections in the development of the OSCC. Aim: To detect the relationship between Chronic Periodontitis, HPV, and OSCC. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 15 chronic generalised periodontitis patients with OSCC affecting alveoli and gingiva. DNA was extracted from the biopsy of the tissue sample for the detection of HPV by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The parameters assessed were the Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Tumor Node Metastsis (TNM ) staging of OSCC, HPV status and the presence of the periodontal marker bacteria. Chi-square test and spearman correlation were used to find association and correlation between the parameters. Results: A total of 15 cases of chronic generalised periodontitis patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study (7 males and 8 female patients, with a mean age of 50.8 years). Of these, HPV was found in 4 patients only. On comparison between Chronic Generalised Periodontitis (CGP) and OSCC, a non-significant association and a negative correlation was found. Similar analysis was observed between CGP and HPV. When comparison was done between HPV and OSCC, non-significant association (p-value 0.774) and a negative correlation(r- value= -0. 169) was found. Conclusion: This study did not yield a significant association and correlation between these three parameters. Further prospective studies should be conducted which may help in the prevention of periodontitis and subsequently decreasing the incidences of OSCC.
{"title":"Association of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Human Papilloma Virus Status in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Shikha Sharma, S. Prakash","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/58178.17419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/58178.17419","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Apart from the alcohol and tobacco which are considered as an important cause for carcinogenesis, periodontal infections have also been considered equally important cause for it. Infections are increasingly considered as potential trigger for carcinogenesis apart from alcohol and tobacco. The role of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in causing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), highlights the significance of the oral infections in the development of the OSCC. Aim: To detect the relationship between Chronic Periodontitis, HPV, and OSCC. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 15 chronic generalised periodontitis patients with OSCC affecting alveoli and gingiva. DNA was extracted from the biopsy of the tissue sample for the detection of HPV by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The parameters assessed were the Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Tumor Node Metastsis (TNM ) staging of OSCC, HPV status and the presence of the periodontal marker bacteria. Chi-square test and spearman correlation were used to find association and correlation between the parameters. Results: A total of 15 cases of chronic generalised periodontitis patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study (7 males and 8 female patients, with a mean age of 50.8 years). Of these, HPV was found in 4 patients only. On comparison between Chronic Generalised Periodontitis (CGP) and OSCC, a non-significant association and a negative correlation was found. Similar analysis was observed between CGP and HPV. When comparison was done between HPV and OSCC, non-significant association (p-value 0.774) and a negative correlation(r- value= -0. 169) was found. Conclusion: This study did not yield a significant association and correlation between these three parameters. Further prospective studies should be conducted which may help in the prevention of periodontitis and subsequently decreasing the incidences of OSCC.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87345884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/59489.17433
Farzana Khanum, N. Khan, Huma Firdaus, R. Bhargava, Z. Ahmad, M. Shameem, K. Akhtar
Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies to occur worldwide. Two main subtypes of lung cancer include small cell lung cancer and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Patients with advanced stage NSCLC who achieve good response with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) have been found to have Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation. The first biomarker identified for targeted treatment in lung cancer was EGFR and patients of NSCLC with EGFR mutation have superior survival outcome when treated with targeted therapy as compared to conventional chemotherapy. Aim: To compare the outcome of targeted therapy to mutation to EGFR and conventional therapy in non mutant lung cancer patient of NSCLC. Materials and Methods: The present longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of TB and Respiratory Diseases, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India from July 2017 to November 2019 on a sample size of 80. Patients diagnosed with NSCLC and EGFR mutation status were included in the study. They were started on TKI if tumour was EGFR positive and on conventional chemotherapy (cisplatin plus paclitaxel) if no mutation was detected on histopathology. Among the study group, 35 patients were EGFR positive and started on geftinib (group I), 45 were EGFR negative and received platinum-based chemotherapy (group II). Outcomes were measured in terms of progression-free survival, Overall Survival (OS), and toxicities. Statistical analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Among the study group, 35 patients were EGFR positive and started on geftinib (Group I), 45 were EGFR negative and received platinum-based chemotherapy (group II). The mean age of EGFR positive patients was 58.91 years and for EGFR negative patients was 60.11 years. In group I, there was no complete response while 28.5% had partial response, 45.5% had stable disease and 25.7% had progressive disease. In group II, 15.5% patients had complete response, 33.3% had partial response,17.7% had stable disease and 33.3% had progressive disease. Mean progression-free survival in group I (5.65 months) was significantly higher than group II (4.26 months). The mean OS in group I (7.85 months) was slightly higher than group II (6.72 months). Both haematological and non haemaotlogical toxicities were significantly higher in group II. Conclusion: Patients with EGFR positive expression subjected to Gefitinib had significant mean progression-free survival with an acceptable range of non haematological toxicities and no haematological toxicities, as compared to the EGFR negative patients on conventional chemotherapy.
{"title":"Comparison of Treatment Outcome in EGFR Positive and Negative Patients with Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Longitudinal Study","authors":"Farzana Khanum, N. Khan, Huma Firdaus, R. Bhargava, Z. Ahmad, M. Shameem, K. Akhtar","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/59489.17433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/59489.17433","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies to occur worldwide. Two main subtypes of lung cancer include small cell lung cancer and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Patients with advanced stage NSCLC who achieve good response with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) have been found to have Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation. The first biomarker identified for targeted treatment in lung cancer was EGFR and patients of NSCLC with EGFR mutation have superior survival outcome when treated with targeted therapy as compared to conventional chemotherapy. Aim: To compare the outcome of targeted therapy to mutation to EGFR and conventional therapy in non mutant lung cancer patient of NSCLC. Materials and Methods: The present longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of TB and Respiratory Diseases, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India from July 2017 to November 2019 on a sample size of 80. Patients diagnosed with NSCLC and EGFR mutation status were included in the study. They were started on TKI if tumour was EGFR positive and on conventional chemotherapy (cisplatin plus paclitaxel) if no mutation was detected on histopathology. Among the study group, 35 patients were EGFR positive and started on geftinib (group I), 45 were EGFR negative and received platinum-based chemotherapy (group II). Outcomes were measured in terms of progression-free survival, Overall Survival (OS), and toxicities. Statistical analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Among the study group, 35 patients were EGFR positive and started on geftinib (Group I), 45 were EGFR negative and received platinum-based chemotherapy (group II). The mean age of EGFR positive patients was 58.91 years and for EGFR negative patients was 60.11 years. In group I, there was no complete response while 28.5% had partial response, 45.5% had stable disease and 25.7% had progressive disease. In group II, 15.5% patients had complete response, 33.3% had partial response,17.7% had stable disease and 33.3% had progressive disease. Mean progression-free survival in group I (5.65 months) was significantly higher than group II (4.26 months). The mean OS in group I (7.85 months) was slightly higher than group II (6.72 months). Both haematological and non haemaotlogical toxicities were significantly higher in group II. Conclusion: Patients with EGFR positive expression subjected to Gefitinib had significant mean progression-free survival with an acceptable range of non haematological toxicities and no haematological toxicities, as compared to the EGFR negative patients on conventional chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85911440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/58325.18033
Kavery Bora, Bitupan Kalita, Gourangie Gogoi
Introduction: Quarantine is an important means of controlling the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and it is essential to maintain strict adherence to infection control measures during this period. However, long periods of quarantine may be quite challenging by themselves especially in a pandemic of a new infection which might led to emotional, psychological and financial difficulties. Hence, understanding the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the quarantined people and how they have adhered to the infection control measures will help to formulate better prevention strategies. Aim: To assess the infection control measures among the people who were placed in quarantine and to understand its psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic in Dibrugarh District of Assam, India. Materials and Methods: This study was a community based cross-sectional study conducted among the people placed in quarantine in Dibrugarh District of Assam and was conducted from April 2020 to March 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine centres were set up in various educational institutions in the urban areas of Dibrugarh District of Assam. There were six such centres under the supervision of district health authorities. Taking three of these centres located at Chabua, Jokai and Lesai under Dibrugarh district, 159 quarantined subjects were enrolled for the study. Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was applied for assessment of depressive symptoms and the post-traumatic stress symptoms were assessed using The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The adherence to infection control measures were assessed by using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire prepared for the purpose of the study, which was applied using online Google platform. Of the total 159 responses, 23 were incomplete and finally 136 were analysed. Descriptive analysis was done for the socio-demographic data. To find the association between quarantine and the psychological effects, Chi-square test was applied and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Majority of the study subjects, 96 (70.59%) belonged to 10-29 years, 103 (75.74%) were males, and 126 (92.64%) were Hindu. About half of the participants were from urban area 72 (52.94%) and 48 (35.29%) were graduate. Majority of the participants 125 (91.91%) could manage to stay in separate room but arrangement of separate toilet was difficult. Similarly, about one-third 48 (35.29%) did not have a designated family member to look after them. Majority of the participants 135 (99.26%) practiced regular handwashing, wearing of mask 123 (90.44%) and regular disinfection of the items used by them 111 (81.62%). About 47 (34.56%) of the participants had sign and symptoms of post-traumatic stress, out of which females were affected more 14 (42.42%) and younger age group participants in the age range of 10 to 29 years 35 (36.46%) had more posttraumatic stress symptoms than the older adults. About onethird o
{"title":"Adherence to Infection Control Measures and the Psychological Effects of Quarantine during COVID-19 Pandemic in Dibrugarh District of Assam, India: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Kavery Bora, Bitupan Kalita, Gourangie Gogoi","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/58325.18033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/58325.18033","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Quarantine is an important means of controlling the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and it is essential to maintain strict adherence to infection control measures during this period. However, long periods of quarantine may be quite challenging by themselves especially in a pandemic of a new infection which might led to emotional, psychological and financial difficulties. Hence, understanding the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the quarantined people and how they have adhered to the infection control measures will help to formulate better prevention strategies. Aim: To assess the infection control measures among the people who were placed in quarantine and to understand its psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic in Dibrugarh District of Assam, India. Materials and Methods: This study was a community based cross-sectional study conducted among the people placed in quarantine in Dibrugarh District of Assam and was conducted from April 2020 to March 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine centres were set up in various educational institutions in the urban areas of Dibrugarh District of Assam. There were six such centres under the supervision of district health authorities. Taking three of these centres located at Chabua, Jokai and Lesai under Dibrugarh district, 159 quarantined subjects were enrolled for the study. Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was applied for assessment of depressive symptoms and the post-traumatic stress symptoms were assessed using The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The adherence to infection control measures were assessed by using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire prepared for the purpose of the study, which was applied using online Google platform. Of the total 159 responses, 23 were incomplete and finally 136 were analysed. Descriptive analysis was done for the socio-demographic data. To find the association between quarantine and the psychological effects, Chi-square test was applied and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Majority of the study subjects, 96 (70.59%) belonged to 10-29 years, 103 (75.74%) were males, and 126 (92.64%) were Hindu. About half of the participants were from urban area 72 (52.94%) and 48 (35.29%) were graduate. Majority of the participants 125 (91.91%) could manage to stay in separate room but arrangement of separate toilet was difficult. Similarly, about one-third 48 (35.29%) did not have a designated family member to look after them. Majority of the participants 135 (99.26%) practiced regular handwashing, wearing of mask 123 (90.44%) and regular disinfection of the items used by them 111 (81.62%). About 47 (34.56%) of the participants had sign and symptoms of post-traumatic stress, out of which females were affected more 14 (42.42%) and younger age group participants in the age range of 10 to 29 years 35 (36.46%) had more posttraumatic stress symptoms than the older adults. About onethird o","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86150202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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