Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/64368.18256
Lokesh Kumar, M. Karandikar, N. Mani, RC Nimbargi
Introduction: The 2016 World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of tumours of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS 2016 classification) is used to classify diffuse gliomas as astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma (ODG), glioblastoma which are three prognostically distinct groups based on Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1), alpha thalassaemia/mental retardation, x-linked (ATRX) mutations, p53 and 1p/19q co-deletion status. Although WHO CNS 2022 classification has been brought in use, it is based on molecular studies. In a resource limited setting like in many Indian diagnostic centres it’s difficult to apply the WHO CNS 2022 classification. It is felt that WHO CNS 2016 classification has not lost its utility. Aim: To investigate the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) status of IDH1, ATRX, p53 in diagnosis of diffuse glial tumours and to classify them according to WHO 2016. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India for two years and six months (July 2020 to December 2022). Thirty-two diffuse glioma cases and IHC markers IDH1, ATRX, p53 were evaluated. Ki-67 index was additionally done. Results: Total 32 cases were studied, 19 cases were male. Mean age of the patients was 40.13 years. Fourteen patients belonged to WHO Grade-II, 6 to Grade-III, and 12 to GradeIV. As per the IHC findings and histopathological features, there were 16 (50%) patients with diffuse astrocytoma, while 12 (37.5%) and 4 (12.5%) patients were diagnosed as glioblastoma and ODG respectively. Reclassification of these cases was done depending on IHC results where IDH1 was positive in 71.9% cases, ATRX was positive in 40.6% cases and p53 was positive in 15.6% cases. This result includes all the cases where these IHC markers showed reactivity. The diagnosis of four patients was modified based on findings of IHC markers. Conclusion: The study demonstrates subgrouping of gliomas based on IDH1, ATRX, p53. There was no significant association between grade of tumour and Ki-67 expression.
{"title":"Expression of IDH1, ATRX, p53 in Diagnosis of Gliomas as Per 2016 WHO Classification","authors":"Lokesh Kumar, M. Karandikar, N. Mani, RC Nimbargi","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/64368.18256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/64368.18256","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The 2016 World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of tumours of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS 2016 classification) is used to classify diffuse gliomas as astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma (ODG), glioblastoma which are three prognostically distinct groups based on Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1), alpha thalassaemia/mental retardation, x-linked (ATRX) mutations, p53 and 1p/19q co-deletion status. Although WHO CNS 2022 classification has been brought in use, it is based on molecular studies. In a resource limited setting like in many Indian diagnostic centres it’s difficult to apply the WHO CNS 2022 classification. It is felt that WHO CNS 2016 classification has not lost its utility. Aim: To investigate the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) status of IDH1, ATRX, p53 in diagnosis of diffuse glial tumours and to classify them according to WHO 2016. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India for two years and six months (July 2020 to December 2022). Thirty-two diffuse glioma cases and IHC markers IDH1, ATRX, p53 were evaluated. Ki-67 index was additionally done. Results: Total 32 cases were studied, 19 cases were male. Mean age of the patients was 40.13 years. Fourteen patients belonged to WHO Grade-II, 6 to Grade-III, and 12 to GradeIV. As per the IHC findings and histopathological features, there were 16 (50%) patients with diffuse astrocytoma, while 12 (37.5%) and 4 (12.5%) patients were diagnosed as glioblastoma and ODG respectively. Reclassification of these cases was done depending on IHC results where IDH1 was positive in 71.9% cases, ATRX was positive in 40.6% cases and p53 was positive in 15.6% cases. This result includes all the cases where these IHC markers showed reactivity. The diagnosis of four patients was modified based on findings of IHC markers. Conclusion: The study demonstrates subgrouping of gliomas based on IDH1, ATRX, p53. There was no significant association between grade of tumour and Ki-67 expression.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87155254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/64345.18299
B. Preeja, D. Bindhu, A. Rani
Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss.ex Schult is a woody, succulent, perennial herb belonging to the family Amaranthaceae commonly found in Asia and Africa. It is a common weed that grows everywhere in the plains of Asia. It is locally called ‘bui’or ‘polpala’. It is familiar in the name of knot grass. These are branching shrubs. This plant is included in Dasapushpam, the ten sacred flowers of Kerala. The different parts of the plant have different functions. It belongs to the group Pashanabheda used to cure urinary stone. This is a traditional plant in India used for many purposes including antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiasthmatic, antioxidant, anti-infertility, antihypoglycaemic, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, antitumour, hepatoprotective, diuretic and anti urolithiatic, and immunomodulatory. Aerva lanata plant comprises of many phytochemicals including alkaloid, flavanoid, phenol, tannin, protein, amino acid and carbohydrate, which are responsible for the pharmacological activity. This review focuses on the general information regarding the pharmacological value of the plant Aerva lanata.
{"title":"Pharmacological Properties of the Plant Aerva lanata-A Narrative Review","authors":"B. Preeja, D. Bindhu, A. Rani","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/64345.18299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/64345.18299","url":null,"abstract":"Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss.ex Schult is a woody, succulent, perennial herb belonging to the family Amaranthaceae commonly found in Asia and Africa. It is a common weed that grows everywhere in the plains of Asia. It is locally called ‘bui’or ‘polpala’. It is familiar in the name of knot grass. These are branching shrubs. This plant is included in Dasapushpam, the ten sacred flowers of Kerala. The different parts of the plant have different functions. It belongs to the group Pashanabheda used to cure urinary stone. This is a traditional plant in India used for many purposes including antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiasthmatic, antioxidant, anti-infertility, antihypoglycaemic, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, antitumour, hepatoprotective, diuretic and anti urolithiatic, and immunomodulatory. Aerva lanata plant comprises of many phytochemicals including alkaloid, flavanoid, phenol, tannin, protein, amino acid and carbohydrate, which are responsible for the pharmacological activity. This review focuses on the general information regarding the pharmacological value of the plant Aerva lanata.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87261656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/58178.17419
Shikha Sharma, S. Prakash
Introduction: Apart from the alcohol and tobacco which are considered as an important cause for carcinogenesis, periodontal infections have also been considered equally important cause for it. Infections are increasingly considered as potential trigger for carcinogenesis apart from alcohol and tobacco. The role of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in causing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), highlights the significance of the oral infections in the development of the OSCC. Aim: To detect the relationship between Chronic Periodontitis, HPV, and OSCC. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 15 chronic generalised periodontitis patients with OSCC affecting alveoli and gingiva. DNA was extracted from the biopsy of the tissue sample for the detection of HPV by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The parameters assessed were the Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Tumor Node Metastsis (TNM ) staging of OSCC, HPV status and the presence of the periodontal marker bacteria. Chi-square test and spearman correlation were used to find association and correlation between the parameters. Results: A total of 15 cases of chronic generalised periodontitis patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study (7 males and 8 female patients, with a mean age of 50.8 years). Of these, HPV was found in 4 patients only. On comparison between Chronic Generalised Periodontitis (CGP) and OSCC, a non-significant association and a negative correlation was found. Similar analysis was observed between CGP and HPV. When comparison was done between HPV and OSCC, non-significant association (p-value 0.774) and a negative correlation(r- value= -0. 169) was found. Conclusion: This study did not yield a significant association and correlation between these three parameters. Further prospective studies should be conducted which may help in the prevention of periodontitis and subsequently decreasing the incidences of OSCC.
{"title":"Association of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Human Papilloma Virus Status in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Shikha Sharma, S. Prakash","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/58178.17419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/58178.17419","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Apart from the alcohol and tobacco which are considered as an important cause for carcinogenesis, periodontal infections have also been considered equally important cause for it. Infections are increasingly considered as potential trigger for carcinogenesis apart from alcohol and tobacco. The role of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in causing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), highlights the significance of the oral infections in the development of the OSCC. Aim: To detect the relationship between Chronic Periodontitis, HPV, and OSCC. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 15 chronic generalised periodontitis patients with OSCC affecting alveoli and gingiva. DNA was extracted from the biopsy of the tissue sample for the detection of HPV by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The parameters assessed were the Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Tumor Node Metastsis (TNM ) staging of OSCC, HPV status and the presence of the periodontal marker bacteria. Chi-square test and spearman correlation were used to find association and correlation between the parameters. Results: A total of 15 cases of chronic generalised periodontitis patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study (7 males and 8 female patients, with a mean age of 50.8 years). Of these, HPV was found in 4 patients only. On comparison between Chronic Generalised Periodontitis (CGP) and OSCC, a non-significant association and a negative correlation was found. Similar analysis was observed between CGP and HPV. When comparison was done between HPV and OSCC, non-significant association (p-value 0.774) and a negative correlation(r- value= -0. 169) was found. Conclusion: This study did not yield a significant association and correlation between these three parameters. Further prospective studies should be conducted which may help in the prevention of periodontitis and subsequently decreasing the incidences of OSCC.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87345884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/59489.17433
Farzana Khanum, N. Khan, Huma Firdaus, R. Bhargava, Z. Ahmad, M. Shameem, K. Akhtar
Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies to occur worldwide. Two main subtypes of lung cancer include small cell lung cancer and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Patients with advanced stage NSCLC who achieve good response with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) have been found to have Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation. The first biomarker identified for targeted treatment in lung cancer was EGFR and patients of NSCLC with EGFR mutation have superior survival outcome when treated with targeted therapy as compared to conventional chemotherapy. Aim: To compare the outcome of targeted therapy to mutation to EGFR and conventional therapy in non mutant lung cancer patient of NSCLC. Materials and Methods: The present longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of TB and Respiratory Diseases, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India from July 2017 to November 2019 on a sample size of 80. Patients diagnosed with NSCLC and EGFR mutation status were included in the study. They were started on TKI if tumour was EGFR positive and on conventional chemotherapy (cisplatin plus paclitaxel) if no mutation was detected on histopathology. Among the study group, 35 patients were EGFR positive and started on geftinib (group I), 45 were EGFR negative and received platinum-based chemotherapy (group II). Outcomes were measured in terms of progression-free survival, Overall Survival (OS), and toxicities. Statistical analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Among the study group, 35 patients were EGFR positive and started on geftinib (Group I), 45 were EGFR negative and received platinum-based chemotherapy (group II). The mean age of EGFR positive patients was 58.91 years and for EGFR negative patients was 60.11 years. In group I, there was no complete response while 28.5% had partial response, 45.5% had stable disease and 25.7% had progressive disease. In group II, 15.5% patients had complete response, 33.3% had partial response,17.7% had stable disease and 33.3% had progressive disease. Mean progression-free survival in group I (5.65 months) was significantly higher than group II (4.26 months). The mean OS in group I (7.85 months) was slightly higher than group II (6.72 months). Both haematological and non haemaotlogical toxicities were significantly higher in group II. Conclusion: Patients with EGFR positive expression subjected to Gefitinib had significant mean progression-free survival with an acceptable range of non haematological toxicities and no haematological toxicities, as compared to the EGFR negative patients on conventional chemotherapy.
{"title":"Comparison of Treatment Outcome in EGFR Positive and Negative Patients with Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Longitudinal Study","authors":"Farzana Khanum, N. Khan, Huma Firdaus, R. Bhargava, Z. Ahmad, M. Shameem, K. Akhtar","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/59489.17433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/59489.17433","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies to occur worldwide. Two main subtypes of lung cancer include small cell lung cancer and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Patients with advanced stage NSCLC who achieve good response with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) have been found to have Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation. The first biomarker identified for targeted treatment in lung cancer was EGFR and patients of NSCLC with EGFR mutation have superior survival outcome when treated with targeted therapy as compared to conventional chemotherapy. Aim: To compare the outcome of targeted therapy to mutation to EGFR and conventional therapy in non mutant lung cancer patient of NSCLC. Materials and Methods: The present longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of TB and Respiratory Diseases, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India from July 2017 to November 2019 on a sample size of 80. Patients diagnosed with NSCLC and EGFR mutation status were included in the study. They were started on TKI if tumour was EGFR positive and on conventional chemotherapy (cisplatin plus paclitaxel) if no mutation was detected on histopathology. Among the study group, 35 patients were EGFR positive and started on geftinib (group I), 45 were EGFR negative and received platinum-based chemotherapy (group II). Outcomes were measured in terms of progression-free survival, Overall Survival (OS), and toxicities. Statistical analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Among the study group, 35 patients were EGFR positive and started on geftinib (Group I), 45 were EGFR negative and received platinum-based chemotherapy (group II). The mean age of EGFR positive patients was 58.91 years and for EGFR negative patients was 60.11 years. In group I, there was no complete response while 28.5% had partial response, 45.5% had stable disease and 25.7% had progressive disease. In group II, 15.5% patients had complete response, 33.3% had partial response,17.7% had stable disease and 33.3% had progressive disease. Mean progression-free survival in group I (5.65 months) was significantly higher than group II (4.26 months). The mean OS in group I (7.85 months) was slightly higher than group II (6.72 months). Both haematological and non haemaotlogical toxicities were significantly higher in group II. Conclusion: Patients with EGFR positive expression subjected to Gefitinib had significant mean progression-free survival with an acceptable range of non haematological toxicities and no haematological toxicities, as compared to the EGFR negative patients on conventional chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85911440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/58325.18033
Kavery Bora, Bitupan Kalita, Gourangie Gogoi
Introduction: Quarantine is an important means of controlling the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and it is essential to maintain strict adherence to infection control measures during this period. However, long periods of quarantine may be quite challenging by themselves especially in a pandemic of a new infection which might led to emotional, psychological and financial difficulties. Hence, understanding the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the quarantined people and how they have adhered to the infection control measures will help to formulate better prevention strategies. Aim: To assess the infection control measures among the people who were placed in quarantine and to understand its psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic in Dibrugarh District of Assam, India. Materials and Methods: This study was a community based cross-sectional study conducted among the people placed in quarantine in Dibrugarh District of Assam and was conducted from April 2020 to March 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine centres were set up in various educational institutions in the urban areas of Dibrugarh District of Assam. There were six such centres under the supervision of district health authorities. Taking three of these centres located at Chabua, Jokai and Lesai under Dibrugarh district, 159 quarantined subjects were enrolled for the study. Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was applied for assessment of depressive symptoms and the post-traumatic stress symptoms were assessed using The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The adherence to infection control measures were assessed by using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire prepared for the purpose of the study, which was applied using online Google platform. Of the total 159 responses, 23 were incomplete and finally 136 were analysed. Descriptive analysis was done for the socio-demographic data. To find the association between quarantine and the psychological effects, Chi-square test was applied and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Majority of the study subjects, 96 (70.59%) belonged to 10-29 years, 103 (75.74%) were males, and 126 (92.64%) were Hindu. About half of the participants were from urban area 72 (52.94%) and 48 (35.29%) were graduate. Majority of the participants 125 (91.91%) could manage to stay in separate room but arrangement of separate toilet was difficult. Similarly, about one-third 48 (35.29%) did not have a designated family member to look after them. Majority of the participants 135 (99.26%) practiced regular handwashing, wearing of mask 123 (90.44%) and regular disinfection of the items used by them 111 (81.62%). About 47 (34.56%) of the participants had sign and symptoms of post-traumatic stress, out of which females were affected more 14 (42.42%) and younger age group participants in the age range of 10 to 29 years 35 (36.46%) had more posttraumatic stress symptoms than the older adults. About onethird o
{"title":"Adherence to Infection Control Measures and the Psychological Effects of Quarantine during COVID-19 Pandemic in Dibrugarh District of Assam, India: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Kavery Bora, Bitupan Kalita, Gourangie Gogoi","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/58325.18033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/58325.18033","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Quarantine is an important means of controlling the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and it is essential to maintain strict adherence to infection control measures during this period. However, long periods of quarantine may be quite challenging by themselves especially in a pandemic of a new infection which might led to emotional, psychological and financial difficulties. Hence, understanding the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the quarantined people and how they have adhered to the infection control measures will help to formulate better prevention strategies. Aim: To assess the infection control measures among the people who were placed in quarantine and to understand its psychological effects during the COVID-19 pandemic in Dibrugarh District of Assam, India. Materials and Methods: This study was a community based cross-sectional study conducted among the people placed in quarantine in Dibrugarh District of Assam and was conducted from April 2020 to March 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine centres were set up in various educational institutions in the urban areas of Dibrugarh District of Assam. There were six such centres under the supervision of district health authorities. Taking three of these centres located at Chabua, Jokai and Lesai under Dibrugarh district, 159 quarantined subjects were enrolled for the study. Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was applied for assessment of depressive symptoms and the post-traumatic stress symptoms were assessed using The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The adherence to infection control measures were assessed by using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire prepared for the purpose of the study, which was applied using online Google platform. Of the total 159 responses, 23 were incomplete and finally 136 were analysed. Descriptive analysis was done for the socio-demographic data. To find the association between quarantine and the psychological effects, Chi-square test was applied and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Majority of the study subjects, 96 (70.59%) belonged to 10-29 years, 103 (75.74%) were males, and 126 (92.64%) were Hindu. About half of the participants were from urban area 72 (52.94%) and 48 (35.29%) were graduate. Majority of the participants 125 (91.91%) could manage to stay in separate room but arrangement of separate toilet was difficult. Similarly, about one-third 48 (35.29%) did not have a designated family member to look after them. Majority of the participants 135 (99.26%) practiced regular handwashing, wearing of mask 123 (90.44%) and regular disinfection of the items used by them 111 (81.62%). About 47 (34.56%) of the participants had sign and symptoms of post-traumatic stress, out of which females were affected more 14 (42.42%) and younger age group participants in the age range of 10 to 29 years 35 (36.46%) had more posttraumatic stress symptoms than the older adults. About onethird o","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86150202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/60630.17563
Vaishnavi Uttam Goradwar, A. Agrawal
Monkeypox is a disease transmitted through animals but can also spread from human to human. The causative agent is monkeypox virus which is a ds-DNA virus. Monkeypox virus belongs to the orthopox genus of the poxviridae family. Other members of this family are the variola virus and the vaccinia virus. This virus was first discovered in 1958. In 1970, when various types of research were going on to eradicate smallpox, the first case of smallpox in humans was reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Both smallpox and monkeypox share the same clinical features. Other symptoms are adenopathy and papular rashes. Monkeypox can spread through various modes of transmission. The most common mode is direct contact with contagious animals or contagious humans. Disease progression can be limited by spreading awareness, among the people about the factors responsible for transmission, clinical manifestations, and preventive methodologies.
{"title":"Monkeypox Pathogenesis, Transmission, Preventive Measures and Treatment Modalities","authors":"Vaishnavi Uttam Goradwar, A. Agrawal","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/60630.17563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/60630.17563","url":null,"abstract":"Monkeypox is a disease transmitted through animals but can also spread from human to human. The causative agent is monkeypox virus which is a ds-DNA virus. Monkeypox virus belongs to the orthopox genus of the poxviridae family. Other members of this family are the variola virus and the vaccinia virus. This virus was first discovered in 1958. In 1970, when various types of research were going on to eradicate smallpox, the first case of smallpox in humans was reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Both smallpox and monkeypox share the same clinical features. Other symptoms are adenopathy and papular rashes. Monkeypox can spread through various modes of transmission. The most common mode is direct contact with contagious animals or contagious humans. Disease progression can be limited by spreading awareness, among the people about the factors responsible for transmission, clinical manifestations, and preventive methodologies.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80721104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/59040.17469
S. Salina, K. Leena
Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a leading public health concern, affecting one in ten Indians. Along with conventional treatment with supplemental Thyroid Hormones (TH), problems associated with hypothyroidism can be managed with complimentary nursing interventions. Aim: To assess the effect of a nurse-led multi-interventional program on Quality of Life (QoL), Subjective Well-Being (SWB), and level of TH among patients with hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental double arm study was conducted from August 2021 to October 2021, at selected endocrinology clinics on patients with hypothyroidism were divided into interventional (n=39) and control group (n=38) non randomly. Information related to socio-demography, QoL, SWB, and TH levels were collected and followed by the implementation of a nurse-led multi-intervention program for the intervention group. The intervention was done individually, which consisted of a demonstration of yoga asana, yoga mudra, and neck exercises. Two-way repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed, to check if there is any significant difference in the average QoL/SWB/level of TH across different time points as well as between the experimental and control group. Results: A total of 77 participants 64 (83.1%) males and 13 (16.9%) females were included in the study with maximum participants belonged to the age group of 18-28 years. It was observed that after the implementation of multi-intervention program QoL was significantly improved among the experimental group (F=31.53, <0.001), and SWB also significantly improved (F=36.615, <0.001). Thyroid Stimulating Hormones (TSH) were significantly reduced among the experimental group (F=3.39, p=0.022) and Thyroxine (T4) levels were statistically significant among the experimental group (F=3.151, p=0.030). Conclusion: Patients with hypothyroidism require holistic care. Patients with hypothyroidism could be intervened with programs like yoga, neck exercise, pranayama, and yoga mudras.
{"title":"Effect of a Nurse Led Multi-intervention Program on Quality of Life, Subjective Well-being and Level of Thyroid Hormones among Patients with Hypothyroidism- A Quasi-experimental Double arm Study","authors":"S. Salina, K. Leena","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/59040.17469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/59040.17469","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a leading public health concern, affecting one in ten Indians. Along with conventional treatment with supplemental Thyroid Hormones (TH), problems associated with hypothyroidism can be managed with complimentary nursing interventions. Aim: To assess the effect of a nurse-led multi-interventional program on Quality of Life (QoL), Subjective Well-Being (SWB), and level of TH among patients with hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental double arm study was conducted from August 2021 to October 2021, at selected endocrinology clinics on patients with hypothyroidism were divided into interventional (n=39) and control group (n=38) non randomly. Information related to socio-demography, QoL, SWB, and TH levels were collected and followed by the implementation of a nurse-led multi-intervention program for the intervention group. The intervention was done individually, which consisted of a demonstration of yoga asana, yoga mudra, and neck exercises. Two-way repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed, to check if there is any significant difference in the average QoL/SWB/level of TH across different time points as well as between the experimental and control group. Results: A total of 77 participants 64 (83.1%) males and 13 (16.9%) females were included in the study with maximum participants belonged to the age group of 18-28 years. It was observed that after the implementation of multi-intervention program QoL was significantly improved among the experimental group (F=31.53, <0.001), and SWB also significantly improved (F=36.615, <0.001). Thyroid Stimulating Hormones (TSH) were significantly reduced among the experimental group (F=3.39, p=0.022) and Thyroxine (T4) levels were statistically significant among the experimental group (F=3.151, p=0.030). Conclusion: Patients with hypothyroidism require holistic care. Patients with hypothyroidism could be intervened with programs like yoga, neck exercise, pranayama, and yoga mudras.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84901335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/61840.17962
Meruva Karthik, Alekhya Abburu, Kainat Aftab
Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is a leading bacterial pathogen, that causes deadly infections such as bacteraemia, Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) and endocarditis. It has been the main contributor to secondary bacterial infections during viral pandemics, greatly raising patient morbidity and fatality rates. It is unknown how this secondary bacteraemia would affect people who have Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Herein, the authors present a series of case studies of 8 patients, (4 males and 4 females) infected with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) at tertiary hospital, Hyderabad, India, who eventually developed S.aureus bacteraemia with widespread seeding of secondary infections including cellulitis and abscess formation. Adult patients aged 20-60 years of age who were infected with COVID-19 from June’2022-August’2022 and had positive bacterial cultures for S.aureus during admission were included in the study. A total of eight patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with secondary bacteraemia were identified. Of these patients admitted with severe limb infections, three patients expired after a week of ongoing treatment from their blood cultures. Multivariate analysis identified the onset of bacteraemia (>4 days from date of admission) and age as significant predictors of mortality in admitted patients. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) scoring and blood cultures were used to identify the mortality risk with p-value=0.05 statistical significance. The patients were subsequently treated with antibiotics and given conservative management, some of the patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who had critical co-morbidities, expired within a week of ongoing treatment. The final outcome of the present case series was that bacteraemia caused by S.aureus is associated with a high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. More research is needed to understand the relationship between COVID-19 and secondary S.aureus bacteraemia.
{"title":"Post COVID-19 Infection with Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteraemia: A Case Series","authors":"Meruva Karthik, Alekhya Abburu, Kainat Aftab","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/61840.17962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/61840.17962","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is a leading bacterial pathogen, that causes deadly infections such as bacteraemia, Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) and endocarditis. It has been the main contributor to secondary bacterial infections during viral pandemics, greatly raising patient morbidity and fatality rates. It is unknown how this secondary bacteraemia would affect people who have Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Herein, the authors present a series of case studies of 8 patients, (4 males and 4 females) infected with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) at tertiary hospital, Hyderabad, India, who eventually developed S.aureus bacteraemia with widespread seeding of secondary infections including cellulitis and abscess formation. Adult patients aged 20-60 years of age who were infected with COVID-19 from June’2022-August’2022 and had positive bacterial cultures for S.aureus during admission were included in the study. A total of eight patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with secondary bacteraemia were identified. Of these patients admitted with severe limb infections, three patients expired after a week of ongoing treatment from their blood cultures. Multivariate analysis identified the onset of bacteraemia (>4 days from date of admission) and age as significant predictors of mortality in admitted patients. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) scoring and blood cultures were used to identify the mortality risk with p-value=0.05 statistical significance. The patients were subsequently treated with antibiotics and given conservative management, some of the patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who had critical co-morbidities, expired within a week of ongoing treatment. The final outcome of the present case series was that bacteraemia caused by S.aureus is associated with a high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. More research is needed to understand the relationship between COVID-19 and secondary S.aureus bacteraemia.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85095204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/60633.17524
Saurav Kumar, Abhishek Samal, Suyash Dwivedi
Introduction: Sleep deprivation is a growing problem, especially among medical students who must meet high academic standards, as well as, their parent’s expectations. Since poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness have important consequences in the mental health of medical undergraduate students the management of these problems would begin with and be guided by assessment of these sleep-related and mental health parameters. Aim: To evaluate the sleep quality and effects of sleep deprivation on the psychological well-being and mental health of undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted by Department of Psychiatry, G.S. Medical College and Hospital Pilkhuwa, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India, on undergraduate students, for a period of a month in May 2022. Four hundred medical undergraduate students from 1st, 2nd, 3rd part 1 and 3rd part 2 Bachelor in Medicine and Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS) years, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were enrolled in the present study after their informed consent was taken. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (EPSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), and Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) were used to assess the participants. Sleep quality and sleepiness were correlated with anxiety depression, stress, and subjective general well-being using Spearman’s coefficient with significance at 0.05 and 0.001 levels. Results: The study participants were in the age group of 17-24 years and majority of the students (n=130, 32.5%) were 20-yearold. Females accounted for near half of the study participants (n=190, 47.5%). Most of the students in the participant group had poor sleep quality with a mean of 6.75±1.811 and issues of daytime sleepiness (10.68±3.481). The DASS-21 revealed severe anxiety (15.5±2.473) and moderate stress (22.89±3.396) levels. Significant positive correlation was seen between the anxiety (r=0.110; p-value <0.05) and stress (r=0.452; p-value <0.01) index with EPSS. A significant positive correlation was found between anxiety (r=0.118, p-value <0.05), stress (r=0.410; p-value <0.01) and psychological well-being (r=0.119; p-value <0.01) and PSQI score. Conclusion: The study revealed that, many undergraduate medical students in different semesters slept insufficiently and struggled with daytime tiredness. Among the students, higher stress and anxiety levels, along with a low level of subjective psychological well-being were discovered. Additionally, the study revealed higher levels of anxiety and stress in medical undergraduates, who had poorer sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness. Also, students with poor quality of sleep had lower psychological general well-being.
{"title":"Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness and Mental Health in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study","authors":"Saurav Kumar, Abhishek Samal, Suyash Dwivedi","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/60633.17524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/60633.17524","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sleep deprivation is a growing problem, especially among medical students who must meet high academic standards, as well as, their parent’s expectations. Since poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness have important consequences in the mental health of medical undergraduate students the management of these problems would begin with and be guided by assessment of these sleep-related and mental health parameters. Aim: To evaluate the sleep quality and effects of sleep deprivation on the psychological well-being and mental health of undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted by Department of Psychiatry, G.S. Medical College and Hospital Pilkhuwa, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India, on undergraduate students, for a period of a month in May 2022. Four hundred medical undergraduate students from 1st, 2nd, 3rd part 1 and 3rd part 2 Bachelor in Medicine and Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS) years, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were enrolled in the present study after their informed consent was taken. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (EPSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), and Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) were used to assess the participants. Sleep quality and sleepiness were correlated with anxiety depression, stress, and subjective general well-being using Spearman’s coefficient with significance at 0.05 and 0.001 levels. Results: The study participants were in the age group of 17-24 years and majority of the students (n=130, 32.5%) were 20-yearold. Females accounted for near half of the study participants (n=190, 47.5%). Most of the students in the participant group had poor sleep quality with a mean of 6.75±1.811 and issues of daytime sleepiness (10.68±3.481). The DASS-21 revealed severe anxiety (15.5±2.473) and moderate stress (22.89±3.396) levels. Significant positive correlation was seen between the anxiety (r=0.110; p-value <0.05) and stress (r=0.452; p-value <0.01) index with EPSS. A significant positive correlation was found between anxiety (r=0.118, p-value <0.05), stress (r=0.410; p-value <0.01) and psychological well-being (r=0.119; p-value <0.01) and PSQI score. Conclusion: The study revealed that, many undergraduate medical students in different semesters slept insufficiently and struggled with daytime tiredness. Among the students, higher stress and anxiety levels, along with a low level of subjective psychological well-being were discovered. Additionally, the study revealed higher levels of anxiety and stress in medical undergraduates, who had poorer sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness. Also, students with poor quality of sleep had lower psychological general well-being.","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83668886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2023/58797.17559
Jaimini Jigar Patel, N. Shah, R. Shah, Meghna Kothari, Priya Porwal, Renu Batra
Introduction: Photography has always been thought to be an important part of dentistry. Since the introduction of digital technology; imaging has become simpler and more accessible. Colour matching is critical for the success of restorative and prosthetic dental treatments, also communication with the dental laboratory is still subjective, and further research is needed on this aspect. Aim: To compare the colour difference of digital photography equipment to standardise colour assessment in dental photography. Materials and Methods: A single blind clinical study was conducted after Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) registration and informed consent, and a total of 22 participants were enrolled in accordance with the selection criteria. A spectrophotometer was used to determine the CIELAB ( Colour space defined by International Commission on Illumination) values of the right central incisor for each participant. They were then photographed with five different photography equipment along with a grey reference card. Group A: Canon 1300D Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) with 100 mm lens and pop-up flash (N=22). Group B: Canon 1300D DSLR+100 mm lens+70 GSM white tissue paper (N=22). Group C: Canon 1300D DSLR+ 100 mm lens with ring flash (N=22). Group D: Canon 1300D DSLR+100 mm lens+ring flash+diffuser (N=22). Group E: Iphone 11 (N=22). CIELAB values were obtained for all the groups using adobe Photoshop software after white balancing. Delta E was calculated by comparing CIELAB values of each group with the spectrophotometer values. The data was tabulated and analysed with one way ANOVA and Post-hoc test using IBM SPSS 20 software with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Mean value of Delta E was least in group D (DSLR+ ring flash with diffuser) (5.033) followed by group B (DSLR+ pop up flash with white tissue paper) (6.57), group A (DSLR+pop-up flash) (10.70), group E (Iphone11) (10.74) and highest in group C (DSLR+ ring flash) (11.32). Conclusion: Group D (DSLR+ ring flash with diffuser) was determined to be closest to the standard spectrophotometric values for colour assessment in dental photography
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Colour Difference using Different Digital Photography Equipment to Standardise Colour Assessment in Dental Photography","authors":"Jaimini Jigar Patel, N. Shah, R. Shah, Meghna Kothari, Priya Porwal, Renu Batra","doi":"10.7860/jcdr/2023/58797.17559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/58797.17559","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Photography has always been thought to be an important part of dentistry. Since the introduction of digital technology; imaging has become simpler and more accessible. Colour matching is critical for the success of restorative and prosthetic dental treatments, also communication with the dental laboratory is still subjective, and further research is needed on this aspect. Aim: To compare the colour difference of digital photography equipment to standardise colour assessment in dental photography. Materials and Methods: A single blind clinical study was conducted after Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) registration and informed consent, and a total of 22 participants were enrolled in accordance with the selection criteria. A spectrophotometer was used to determine the CIELAB ( Colour space defined by International Commission on Illumination) values of the right central incisor for each participant. They were then photographed with five different photography equipment along with a grey reference card. Group A: Canon 1300D Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) with 100 mm lens and pop-up flash (N=22). Group B: Canon 1300D DSLR+100 mm lens+70 GSM white tissue paper (N=22). Group C: Canon 1300D DSLR+ 100 mm lens with ring flash (N=22). Group D: Canon 1300D DSLR+100 mm lens+ring flash+diffuser (N=22). Group E: Iphone 11 (N=22). CIELAB values were obtained for all the groups using adobe Photoshop software after white balancing. Delta E was calculated by comparing CIELAB values of each group with the spectrophotometer values. The data was tabulated and analysed with one way ANOVA and Post-hoc test using IBM SPSS 20 software with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Mean value of Delta E was least in group D (DSLR+ ring flash with diffuser) (5.033) followed by group B (DSLR+ pop up flash with white tissue paper) (6.57), group A (DSLR+pop-up flash) (10.70), group E (Iphone11) (10.74) and highest in group C (DSLR+ ring flash) (11.32). Conclusion: Group D (DSLR+ ring flash with diffuser) was determined to be closest to the standard spectrophotometric values for colour assessment in dental photography","PeriodicalId":15483,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83731105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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