Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The purpose of study was to determine the predictors of the intention to perform preventive behaviors against the occurrence of breast cancer (BC) based on the protection motivation theory (PMT). Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 400 women aged 18 to 70 living in Babol city with a multi-stage sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic information, questions on BC risk factors based on the constructs of PMT. data was entered into SPSS V20 and analyzed with chi-square, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation-test and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05. Results: More than of the participants were single. 66% of participants had no risk factors, 12.5% had one risk factor, 7.5% had three risk factors, and 1.5% had more than four risk factors. The strongest predictors of the intention to perform preventive behaviors against BC were perceived severity (β = 0.280), number of risk factors (β = 0.206), death of a relative due to BC (β = 0.147), and self-efficacy (β = 0.141). Among PMT constructs, perceived severity and self-efficacy constructs were the strongest predictors of preventive behaviors against BC. Conclusion: The PMT plays an important predictive role in the intention to perform cancer prevention behaviors. In this context, it is necessary to design and implement training programs based on these constructs of this model, especially the perceived intensity, self-efficacy and response efficiency.
背景：乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症：乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症。本研究的目的是根据保护动机理论（PMT）确定乳腺癌（BC）预防行为意向的预测因素。研究方法本研究是一项横断面研究，采用多阶段抽样法对居住在巴博勒市的 400 名 18 至 70 岁的妇女进行了调查。数据被录入 SPSS V20，并以 0.05 的显著性水平进行卡方检验、独立 t 检验、方差分析、皮尔逊相关检验和线性回归分析。结果超过一半的参与者为单身。66%的参与者没有风险因素，12.5%的参与者有一个风险因素，7.5%的参与者有三个风险因素，1.5%的参与者有四个以上的风险因素。对 BC 预防行为意向最强的预测因子是严重性感知（β = 0.280）、风险因素数量（β = 0.206）、亲属死于 BC（β = 0.147）和自我效能（β = 0.141）。在 PMT 构建中，严重性感知和自我效能感构建对 BC 预防行为的预测作用最强。结论PMT 对癌症预防行为的意向具有重要的预测作用。在这种情况下，有必要根据该模型的这些构念，尤其是感知强度、自我效能感和反应效率来设计和实施培训计划。
{"title":"Predictors of the Intention to Perform Preventive Behaviors Against the Occurrence of Breast Cancer","authors":"Reza Faryabi, Aboubakr Jafarnezhad, Salman Dehghan","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v13i13.15713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v13i13.15713","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The purpose of study was to determine the predictors of the intention to perform preventive behaviors against the occurrence of breast cancer (BC) based on the protection motivation theory (PMT). \u0000Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 400 women aged 18 to 70 living in Babol city with a multi-stage sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic information, questions on BC risk factors based on the constructs of PMT. data was entered into SPSS V20 and analyzed with chi-square, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation-test and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05. \u0000Results: More than of the participants were single. 66% of participants had no risk factors, 12.5% had one risk factor, 7.5% had three risk factors, and 1.5% had more than four risk factors. The strongest predictors of the intention to perform preventive behaviors against BC were perceived severity (β = 0.280), number of risk factors (β = 0.206), death of a relative due to BC (β = 0.147), and self-efficacy (β = 0.141). Among PMT constructs, perceived severity and self-efficacy constructs were the strongest predictors of preventive behaviors against BC. \u0000Conclusion: The PMT plays an important predictive role in the intention to perform cancer prevention behaviors. In this context, it is necessary to design and implement training programs based on these constructs of this model, especially the perceived intensity, self-efficacy and response efficiency. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v13i12.15685
Zahra Mirjalili, Saeed Sayadi, Hamid Reza Mollaei, Abbas Babaei Nejad
Background: Development of innovation issues in countries has led to the formation of new concepts in this field. Some of these concepts include innovation systems ranging from national, sectoral, etc., innovation networks, commercialization, and innovation ecosystems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design recognition and description of the factors affecting the design of the ecosystem model of innovation in the field of health with an emphasis on the role of e-government. Methods: The type of qualitative study is a type of theory. A semi-structured interview was used to gather information. And the analysis of Strauss and Corbyn's method and the paradoxical model were used. The samples were selected through targeted sampling. And finally, 7 senior and middle managers of government and non-governmental hospitals in Yazd province entered the study. Results: The model designed in this study includes the effective dimensions and components, obstacles and strategies, causal conditions, contextual, intermediary and constituent elements that are the pivotal phenomenon, Shows the consequences and strategies. identifiers and Ecosystem Factors Innovation 37 Concepts, 4 Main categories Enabling policies and regulations, Access to data and infrastructure، funding and validation opportunities and ease of acceptance and dissemination of innovations (from interviews and research literature) were formulated in the form of a conceptual model Conclusion: The process of study was explained in the form of the story line of the electronic government data theory. Finally, the innovation ecosystem model in the field of biotechnology was designed and analyzed. Finally, this model can be used to design an innovation ecosystem in the field of health.
{"title":"Recognizing and Describing the Factors Affecting the Design of the Innovation Ecosystem Model in the Field of Health with an Emphasis on the Role of E-Government","authors":"Zahra Mirjalili, Saeed Sayadi, Hamid Reza Mollaei, Abbas Babaei Nejad","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v13i12.15685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v13i12.15685","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Development of innovation issues in countries has led to the formation of new concepts in this field. Some of these concepts include innovation systems ranging from national, sectoral, etc., innovation networks, commercialization, and innovation ecosystems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design recognition and description of the factors affecting the design of the ecosystem model of innovation in the field of health with an emphasis on the role of e-government. \u0000Methods: The type of qualitative study is a type of theory. A semi-structured interview was used to gather information. And the analysis of Strauss and Corbyn's method and the paradoxical model were used. The samples were selected through targeted sampling. And finally, 7 senior and middle managers of government and non-governmental hospitals in Yazd province entered the study. \u0000Results: The model designed in this study includes the effective dimensions and components, obstacles and strategies, causal conditions, contextual, intermediary and constituent elements that are the pivotal phenomenon, Shows the consequences and strategies. identifiers and Ecosystem Factors Innovation 37 Concepts, 4 Main categories Enabling policies and regulations, Access to data and infrastructure، funding and validation opportunities and ease of acceptance and dissemination of innovations (from interviews and research literature) were formulated in the form of a conceptual model \u0000Conclusion: The process of study was explained in the form of the story line of the electronic government data theory. Finally, the innovation ecosystem model in the field of biotechnology was designed and analyzed. Finally, this model can be used to design an innovation ecosystem in the field of health.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v13i11.15684
Abolfazl Kargar, Rasool Nazari, Mehdi Salimi
Background: The institutionalization of sports in families plays a significant role in promoting the health of society. This study is aimed to extract effective background factors in institutionalizing sports in Iranian families. Methods: The present research follows an interpretive paradigm, inductive logic, and qualitative approach. Besides meta-synthesis approach and interviews were conducted. The research population of the present study included 166 national and international articles presented over the last twelve-year period. After screening the articles, 15 studies were finally selected which met the necessary criteria and were analyzed using the content analysis technique. In the next step, an interview was conducted with 23 experts in "public sports" in a targeted manner using the snowball and theoretical saturation techniques, and finally, the codes of the first and second stages were combined. Results: Meta-synthesis results led to the identification of 36 indices, the overlap of the codes was compared, and the results showed a reliability of 0.92 After the interview was conducted, 41 indices were identified. The comparison of the results in two time periods showed a reliability of 0.89. Finally, by latent content analysis, summarizing, overlapping, and merging the codes of the previous two steps, 47 influential indices affecting the institutionalization of sports in Iranian families were extracted. Conclusion: Based on the results of our research it can be concluded that by recognizing, planning, and creating mechanisms for the operationalization of the discovered factors, the process of institutionalizing physical activity in Iranian families will be facilitated.
{"title":"Institutionalization of Sports for All in Iranian Families","authors":"Abolfazl Kargar, Rasool Nazari, Mehdi Salimi","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v13i11.15684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v13i11.15684","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The institutionalization of sports in families plays a significant role in promoting the health of society. This study is aimed to extract effective background factors in institutionalizing sports in Iranian families. \u0000Methods: The present research follows an interpretive paradigm, inductive logic, and qualitative approach. Besides meta-synthesis approach and interviews were conducted. The research population of the present study included 166 national and international articles presented over the last twelve-year period. After screening the articles, 15 studies were finally selected which met the necessary criteria and were analyzed using the content analysis technique. In the next step, an interview was conducted with 23 experts in \"public sports\" in a targeted manner using the snowball and theoretical saturation techniques, and finally, the codes of the first and second stages were combined. \u0000Results: Meta-synthesis results led to the identification of 36 indices, the overlap of the codes was compared, and the results showed a reliability of 0.92 After the interview was conducted, 41 indices were identified. The comparison of the results in two time periods showed a reliability of 0.89. Finally, by latent content analysis, summarizing, overlapping, and merging the codes of the previous two steps, 47 influential indices affecting the institutionalization of sports in Iranian families were extracted. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the results of our research it can be concluded that by recognizing, planning, and creating mechanisms for the operationalization of the discovered factors, the process of institutionalizing physical activity in Iranian families will be facilitated.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":"10 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v13i10.15655
Maryam Arabi, F. Madadizadeh, Mohammadreza Mortazavizadeh, Hossien Fallahzadeh
Background: Ovarian Cancer (OC) as a common gynecologic cancer according to mortality rate has the seventh rank among women in the world. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with OC survival in Yazd, Iran. Methods: In this observational retrospective cohort study, the medical records of 150 patients who were definitively diagnosed with OC from 1999 to 2018 were investigated. The Kaplan–Meier estimator and the Cox proportional hazard model with hazard ratio and the log-rank test were used for data analysis. All statistical analyses were done in R 4.0.5, package survival. Results: 60.77% (91 people) of patients were under 60 years old. 32.7% (49 people) were in stage III of the disease. 62% (93 people) did not have ascites, 67.3% (101 people) had disease-free survival more than 65 months. 45 (30%) of 150 patients were dead. Median survival time was 96 months (95% CI∶57.20 to 134.79), one, three, five-, and ten-year survival rates were 83,73,55 and 33 months; respectively. Log-rank test results showed there was a significant difference between age, stage, ascites, disease-free survival, and Treatment method, CA125 after and before treatment (p < 0.05). Cox proportional hazard model result showed ascites (HRadj = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.35 to 11.15, P = 0.01) and DFS (HRadj = 23.52, 95 % CI: 4.21to128.33, p = < 0.001) as significant covariates. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that disease-free survival and ascites are the main risk factors for OC and paying attention to them will be effective in increasing patient survival.
{"title":"Survival Analysis of Ovarian Cancer Patients in Yazd City, Central part of Iran, 1999-2018","authors":"Maryam Arabi, F. Madadizadeh, Mohammadreza Mortazavizadeh, Hossien Fallahzadeh","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v13i10.15655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v13i10.15655","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ovarian Cancer (OC) as a common gynecologic cancer according to mortality rate has the seventh rank among women in the world. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with OC survival in Yazd, Iran. \u0000Methods: In this observational retrospective cohort study, the medical records of 150 patients who were definitively diagnosed with OC from 1999 to 2018 were investigated. The Kaplan–Meier estimator and the Cox proportional hazard model with hazard ratio and the log-rank test were used for data analysis. All statistical analyses were done in R 4.0.5, package survival. \u0000Results: 60.77% (91 people) of patients were under 60 years old. 32.7% (49 people) were in stage III of the disease. 62% (93 people) did not have ascites, 67.3% (101 people) had disease-free survival more than 65 months. 45 (30%) of 150 patients were dead. Median survival time was 96 months (95% CI∶57.20 to 134.79), one, three, five-, and ten-year survival rates were 83,73,55 and 33 months; respectively. Log-rank test results showed there was a significant difference between age, stage, ascites, disease-free survival, and Treatment method, CA125 after and before treatment (p < 0.05). Cox proportional hazard model result showed ascites (HRadj = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.35 to 11.15, P = 0.01) and DFS (HRadj = 23.52, 95 % CI: 4.21to128.33, p = < 0.001) as significant covariates. \u0000Conclusion: The results of our study showed that disease-free survival and ascites are the main risk factors for OC and paying attention to them will be effective in increasing patient survival.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v13i9.15654
Mahnaz Elahinezhad, Hossein Ebrahimi Moghadam
Background: This research aimed to model the structural relationships of attachment styles with for addiction readiness with mediating variable cognitive regulation of emotion in quitting drug addicts. Methods: This is an analytical-cross-sectional study. The sample included 300 rehabilitated addicts (18 to 55 years old) were selected from 4 addiction treatment centers in Amol city in 1401 using stratified random sampling. The tools used in this research were the questionnaire on attachment styles, readiness for addiction,cognitive regulation of emotions. Data analysis was perfprmed based on structural equation modeling in Amos 22 software. Results: The findings manifested that attachment styles affect addiction readiness with the mediating variable being cognitive regulation of emotions in recovering addicts (P = 0.006, P = 0.0001). Attachment styles were directly related to the cognitive regulation of emotions in recovering addicts (P = 0.0001). Cognitive regulation of excitement had a direct association with readiness for addiction in drug addicts who are quitting (P = 0.0001). Conclusion:The results can beapplied in the interventions and trainings of addiction treatment clinics with regard to the predictive power of variables.
{"title":"Modeling the Structural Relationships of Attachment Styles with Readiness for Addiction with the Mediation Cognitive Regulation of Emotion in Addicts Who Are Quitting","authors":"Mahnaz Elahinezhad, Hossein Ebrahimi Moghadam","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v13i9.15654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v13i9.15654","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This research aimed to model the structural relationships of attachment styles with for addiction readiness with mediating variable cognitive regulation of emotion in quitting drug addicts. \u0000Methods: This is an analytical-cross-sectional study. The sample included 300 rehabilitated addicts (18 to 55 years old) were selected from 4 addiction treatment centers in Amol city in 1401 using stratified random sampling. The tools used in this research were the questionnaire on attachment styles, readiness for addiction,cognitive regulation of emotions. Data analysis was perfprmed based on structural equation modeling in Amos 22 software. \u0000Results: The findings manifested that attachment styles affect addiction readiness with the mediating variable being cognitive regulation of emotions in recovering addicts (P = 0.006, P = 0.0001). Attachment styles were directly related to the cognitive regulation of emotions in recovering addicts (P = 0.0001). Cognitive regulation of excitement had a direct association with readiness for addiction in drug addicts who are quitting (P = 0.0001). \u0000Conclusion:The results can beapplied in the interventions and trainings of addiction treatment clinics with regard to the predictive power of variables. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":"86 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v13i8.15653
F. Madadizadeh, Sepideh Abdollahi-Dehkordi, Nima Hamzian, Korosh Saber
Background: Due to the overflow of people in radiation therapy centers and the importance of not interrupting the treatment process, preventive measures is one of the most important measures to deal with COVID-19; therefore, this study aims to evaluate intercultural compatibility, reliability, and validity of COVID-19 prevention measures in a radiation therapy center. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed with 20 personnel at radiation therapy center of Yazd, Iran using a census method in September 2021. A COVID-19 prevention scale with 29 items was used as measurement tool. First, cultural adaptation was assessed, and then, face validity was determined by calculating the impact score (IS). Content validity was evaluated by calculating the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI), and reliability was determined using the test-retest method, and Kuder–Richardson (KR20) alpha coefficient, and calculating intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). All the analyses were performed in SPSS software version 24 with a significance level of 5%. Results: 30% (6 people) of the subjects were, 70% (40 people) of whom had less than 15 years of work experience. Four items of the questionnaire were removed based on the minimum Lawshe's CVR values, as their CVR was less than 0.62. Finally, the (KR20) coefficient, scale-level CVI, and ICC were estimated at 0.827, 0.98, and 0.52, respectively. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed; therefore, this Persian version of 25-item scale is proposed as a suitable and effective tool for COVID-19 prevention measures in Persian language
{"title":"Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of COVID-19 Preventive Measures Questionnaire in Radiation Therapy Center, Yazd, Iran","authors":"F. Madadizadeh, Sepideh Abdollahi-Dehkordi, Nima Hamzian, Korosh Saber","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v13i8.15653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v13i8.15653","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the overflow of people in radiation therapy centers and the importance of not interrupting the treatment process, preventive measures is one of the most important measures to deal with COVID-19; therefore, this study aims to evaluate intercultural compatibility, reliability, and validity of COVID-19 prevention measures in a radiation therapy center. \u0000Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed with 20 personnel at radiation therapy center of Yazd, Iran using a census method in September 2021. A COVID-19 prevention scale with 29 items was used as measurement tool. First, cultural adaptation was assessed, and then, face validity was determined by calculating the impact score (IS). Content validity was evaluated by calculating the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI), and reliability was determined using the test-retest method, and Kuder–Richardson (KR20) alpha coefficient, and calculating intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). All the analyses were performed in SPSS software version 24 with a significance level of 5%. \u0000Results: 30% (6 people) of the subjects were, 70% (40 people) of whom had less than 15 years of work experience. Four items of the questionnaire were removed based on the minimum Lawshe's CVR values, as their CVR was less than 0.62. Finally, the (KR20) coefficient, scale-level CVI, and ICC were estimated at 0.827, 0.98, and 0.52, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed; therefore, this Persian version of 25-item scale is proposed as a suitable and effective tool for COVID-19 prevention measures in Persian language ","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v12i32.14604
Ali Akbar Jafari Nadoushan, Hamid Rahmani Manshadi
Background: In, health in addition to promoting medical knowledge, it aims to diagnose or treat diseases. According to ethical and legal principles, the damage to the patient in the process of health research must be fully compensated. Methods: In this research, the issued verdicts and the existing judicial procedures in legal cases in judicial and quasi-judicial authorities were analyzed in order to formulate the necessary legal theories with regard to the jurisprudential and legal basis of civil liability of researchers and scientific centers. To achieve results, it has been tried to avoid any violation of human rights without hindering the process of scientific research. Results: The basis of this view is moral and legal commitment of society to compensate for injuries caused by research, because ultimately, it is society that benefits from the results of medical and scientific research. As a result, it is better to provide legal support for the need to insure patients in medical research and to allocate special funds for damages resulting from medical research. Conclusion: There are drawbacks to filing a civil liability lawsuit for injuries caused by medical research; this is because it either leads to incomplete compensation or is an obstacle to medical research and medical researchers. Assuming the sole responsibility of research centers to create such liability insurance, legislators should enact comprehensive laws to resolve the existing ambiguities regarding the claim for injuries.
{"title":"Civil Liability Arising from Health and Medical Research","authors":"Ali Akbar Jafari Nadoushan, Hamid Rahmani Manshadi","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v12i32.14604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v12i32.14604","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In, health in addition to promoting medical knowledge, it aims to diagnose or treat diseases. According to ethical and legal principles, the damage to the patient in the process of health research must be fully compensated. Methods: In this research, the issued verdicts and the existing judicial procedures in legal cases in judicial and quasi-judicial authorities were analyzed in order to formulate the necessary legal theories with regard to the jurisprudential and legal basis of civil liability of researchers and scientific centers. To achieve results, it has been tried to avoid any violation of human rights without hindering the process of scientific research. Results: The basis of this view is moral and legal commitment of society to compensate for injuries caused by research, because ultimately, it is society that benefits from the results of medical and scientific research. As a result, it is better to provide legal support for the need to insure patients in medical research and to allocate special funds for damages resulting from medical research. Conclusion: There are drawbacks to filing a civil liability lawsuit for injuries caused by medical research; this is because it either leads to incomplete compensation or is an obstacle to medical research and medical researchers. Assuming the sole responsibility of research centers to create such liability insurance, legislators should enact comprehensive laws to resolve the existing ambiguities regarding the claim for injuries.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":"5 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v12i29.14601
D. Chopra, N. Jauhari, Sandhya Mishra
Background: Morbidity pattern shows the burden of the disease and time trends, highlighting demographic differences in disease burden. It also demonstrates the extent and nature of the disease load in the community, and thus, assists in establishment of the priorities for monitoring and evaluating disease control activities, allocating the resources and monitoring the trends for the effect of intervention5.Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of common morbidities in the elderly age group. Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted on the 318 elderly subjects in rural areas. Of 60 or above. Random sampling was done to select the villages. A house to house survey was conducted in every selected village, and eligible subjects were interviewed till the required sample size was reached. The study tools were a pre-tested, pre-validated questionnaire Variables included socio- -demographic factors such as age, sex, religion, marital status, education, occupation, type of family, family income, etc. Results: Female preponderance was seen in the study subjects. The majorities of the subjects was between 60-70 and were suffering from either one or two morbidities. 70 % had a positive family history. There were behavioral risk factors (addiction/ habit) in 35% of the participants, and the most common problem was smoking. The most common problems were generalized muscular weakness (63%) followed by gastrointestinal (GI) problems. Around 5% of the study subjects suffered from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Conclusion: Regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral factors and morbidities, the present study is comparable to many other studies conducted in India. The burden of different diseases or the morbidity pattern is different in different parts of the country.
{"title":"A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study of Health Profile and Pattern of Disease regarding the Elderly in Rural Areas of Uttar Pradesh","authors":"D. Chopra, N. Jauhari, Sandhya Mishra","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v12i29.14601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v12i29.14601","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Morbidity pattern shows the burden of the disease and time trends, highlighting demographic differences in disease burden. It also demonstrates the extent and nature of the disease load in the community, and thus, assists in establishment of the priorities for monitoring and evaluating disease control activities, allocating the resources and monitoring the trends for the effect of intervention5.Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of common morbidities in the elderly age group. Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted on the 318 elderly subjects in rural areas. Of 60 or above. Random sampling was done to select the villages. A house to house survey was conducted in every selected village, and eligible subjects were interviewed till the required sample size was reached. The study tools were a pre-tested, pre-validated questionnaire Variables included socio- -demographic factors such as age, sex, religion, marital status, education, occupation, type of family, family income, etc. Results: Female preponderance was seen in the study subjects. The majorities of the subjects was between 60-70 and were suffering from either one or two morbidities. 70 % had a positive family history. There were behavioral risk factors (addiction/ habit) in 35% of the participants, and the most common problem was smoking. The most common problems were generalized muscular weakness (63%) followed by gastrointestinal (GI) problems. Around 5% of the study subjects suffered from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Conclusion: Regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral factors and morbidities, the present study is comparable to many other studies conducted in India. The burden of different diseases or the morbidity pattern is different in different parts of the country.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":"38 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v12i30.14602
Bal Kishan Gulati, Damodar Sahu, Saurabh Sharma, Vishnu Vardhana Rao M
Background: Life expectancy, especially life expectancy at birth, is a good indicator of current health condition of the population and is estimated through life tables. The present study aims to examine the effect of partial and complete elimination of a specific disease on the gain in life expectancy at birth by sex in India and selected states using Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD) secondary data for 2017. Methods: Life tables were constructed for all cause-specific deaths using Greville method for both males and females separately for India and selected states. Cause-deleted life tables were also constructed for partial (25%, 50%, 75%) and complete (100%) elimination of ten leading cause of death groups. Gain in life expectancy was estimated as the difference between values of cause-deleted life table and cause-specific life table. Results: Complete elimination of diseases of the circulatory system yielded maximum gain in life expectancy at birth in males (14.64 years) and in females (15.49 years) both in Haryana. It was followed by diseases of the respiratory system in males (6.45 years) in Jharkhand and in females (6.17 years) in Uttar Pradesh; certain infectious and parasitic diseases in males (3.82 years) in Uttar Pradesh and in females (3.58 years) in Delhi; neoplasms in males (2.71 years) and in females (2.11 years) both in Kerala. Similar results were obtained in case of remaining diseases. Conclusions: Maximum gained years in life expectancy at birth would be obtained after reducing or eliminating mortality from diseases of the circulatory system. These findings may help in setting up health goals, allocating resources, and launching tailor-made health care programmers.
{"title":"Examining the Effect of Partial and Complete Elimination of a Specific Disease on the Gain in Life Expectancy at Birth in India and Selected States","authors":"Bal Kishan Gulati, Damodar Sahu, Saurabh Sharma, Vishnu Vardhana Rao M","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v12i30.14602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v12i30.14602","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Life expectancy, especially life expectancy at birth, is a good indicator of current health condition of the population and is estimated through life tables. The present study aims to examine the effect of partial and complete elimination of a specific disease on the gain in life expectancy at birth by sex in India and selected states using Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD) secondary data for 2017. Methods: Life tables were constructed for all cause-specific deaths using Greville method for both males and females separately for India and selected states. Cause-deleted life tables were also constructed for partial (25%, 50%, 75%) and complete (100%) elimination of ten leading cause of death groups. Gain in life expectancy was estimated as the difference between values of cause-deleted life table and cause-specific life table. Results: Complete elimination of diseases of the circulatory system yielded maximum gain in life expectancy at birth in males (14.64 years) and in females (15.49 years) both in Haryana. It was followed by diseases of the respiratory system in males (6.45 years) in Jharkhand and in females (6.17 years) in Uttar Pradesh; certain infectious and parasitic diseases in males (3.82 years) in Uttar Pradesh and in females (3.58 years) in Delhi; neoplasms in males (2.71 years) and in females (2.11 years) both in Kerala. Similar results were obtained in case of remaining diseases. Conclusions: Maximum gained years in life expectancy at birth would be obtained after reducing or eliminating mortality from diseases of the circulatory system. These findings may help in setting up health goals, allocating resources, and launching tailor-made health care programmers.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" 1152","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v12i31.14603
Fateme Karimi, Behnam Talebi
Background: Organizational cynicism is a negative attitude toward the organization. The design of health promoting schools (HPSs), one of the indicators of which is the creation of mental health for school staff, can reduce cynicism. Methods: The present study used a qualitative approach and the grounded theory (GT) method. The statistical population included all managers and assistants of secondary HPSs in Tabriz. The purposive sampling method was used, and the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Results: This research aimed to identify a model for reducing organizational cynicism in HPSs in Tabriz. According to the inclusion criteria and to reach data saturation, a semi-structured interview was conducted with eight people. Data analysis was performed based on Strauss and Corbin's continuous comparison strategy. The findings identified individuals, groups, and environments as factors affecting organizational cynicism (causative conditions). The basis and background of organizational cynicism is the internal and external environment of HPSs, which are also affected by the implementation barriers of HPS programs. Conclusion: The best strategy for solving this problem is to build confidence in the design of the HPSs to attract cooperation in its implementation and create coordination between the activities of different organizations, which can lead to sustainable psychological outcomes and the success of HPSs programs.
{"title":"Reducing Organizational Cynicism in Health Promoting Girls' Schools: A Grounded Theory Approach","authors":"Fateme Karimi, Behnam Talebi","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v12i31.14603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v12i31.14603","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Organizational cynicism is a negative attitude toward the organization. The design of health promoting schools (HPSs), one of the indicators of which is the creation of mental health for school staff, can reduce cynicism. Methods: The present study used a qualitative approach and the grounded theory (GT) method. The statistical population included all managers and assistants of secondary HPSs in Tabriz. The purposive sampling method was used, and the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Results: This research aimed to identify a model for reducing organizational cynicism in HPSs in Tabriz. According to the inclusion criteria and to reach data saturation, a semi-structured interview was conducted with eight people. Data analysis was performed based on Strauss and Corbin's continuous comparison strategy. The findings identified individuals, groups, and environments as factors affecting organizational cynicism (causative conditions). The basis and background of organizational cynicism is the internal and external environment of HPSs, which are also affected by the implementation barriers of HPS programs. Conclusion: The best strategy for solving this problem is to build confidence in the design of the HPSs to attract cooperation in its implementation and create coordination between the activities of different organizations, which can lead to sustainable psychological outcomes and the success of HPSs programs.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" 1154","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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