Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i4.11646
S. Soltani, Ali Mouseli, Z. Mastaneh, A. Mobarakabadi, Soghra Kamali, A. Jafarnezhad
Introduction: Given that the evolution of various mental aspects, includes. Therefore, screening for the developmental status of children can prevent significant complications and disorders. Therefore, we decided to examine the developmental status of children in Hormozgan province based on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed by cross-sectional method in December 1997 in health units of Hormozgan province. Based on cluster random sampling, the names of 2260 children aged 60 months (3 to 5 years) were extracted through the integrated health system. Data collection tool was ASQ questionnaire which was used to assess the development of children in the five areas of communication, large movements, fine movements, problem solving and social personality. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and statistical tests, analysis of variance, chi-square, mean indices, standard deviation and frequency percentage.(p<0.05) Results: The mean age of the children in the study was 3.14 ± 2.3 Out of 2260 children, 1036 (45.8%) were girls and 1224 (54.2%) were boys. In terms of communication 1.5%, fine movements 2%, 4.5% large movements, 3% problem solving and social personality 4% were abnormal. Conclusion: The results showed that despite the normal development in most children, a number of children had developmental disorders in at least one area. Therefore, the need for programs to deal with related risk factors and continuous follow-up in terms of the development of these areas is essential to prevent future complications.
{"title":"Investigating the Factors Related to the Development of Children in Southern Iran","authors":"S. Soltani, Ali Mouseli, Z. Mastaneh, A. Mobarakabadi, Soghra Kamali, A. Jafarnezhad","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v11i4.11646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v11i4.11646","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Given that the evolution of various mental aspects, includes. Therefore, screening for the developmental status of children can prevent significant complications and disorders. Therefore, we decided to examine the developmental status of children in Hormozgan province based on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed by cross-sectional method in December 1997 in health units of Hormozgan province. Based on cluster random sampling, the names of 2260 children aged 60 months (3 to 5 years) were extracted through the integrated health system. Data collection tool was ASQ questionnaire which was used to assess the development of children in the five areas of communication, large movements, fine movements, problem solving and social personality. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and statistical tests, analysis of variance, chi-square, mean indices, standard deviation and frequency percentage.(p<0.05) Results: The mean age of the children in the study was 3.14 ± 2.3 Out of 2260 children, 1036 (45.8%) were girls and 1224 (54.2%) were boys. In terms of communication 1.5%, fine movements 2%, 4.5% large movements, 3% problem solving and social personality 4% were abnormal. Conclusion: The results showed that despite the normal development in most children, a number of children had developmental disorders in at least one area. Therefore, the need for programs to deal with related risk factors and continuous follow-up in terms of the development of these areas is essential to prevent future complications.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49326952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i4.11642
V. Mangasuli, Mayur S. Sherkhane
Background: Menopause is a normal physiological change and an important transition in women’s life. Onset of menopause has important implications on women’s fertility and health. Menopausal symptoms vary in severity and may decrease quality of life Thise is, because the majority of women still do not take treatment for these symptoms as most Indian women have a history of self-denial and neglect. This study is conducted to find the prevalence of postmenopausal symptoms among women resisting in urban slums Methods: This was a community based, cross-sectional study conducted among 334 postmenopausal women (45-60) residing in urban slums by systematic random sampling. Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was used to assess postmenopausal symptoms Pre-designed, pre-tested proforma was used for collecting data to identify the factors affecting it. General physical examination was carried out and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Data were entered in excel sheet and analysed using SPSS software version 20. Results were expressed as descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was used to find the association between two attributes. Results: 69.76% of participants had mild symptoms, 23.95% moderate symptoms and only 2.1% suffered from severe symptoms. The per MRS. Prevalence of somatic symptoms was 93.11%, psychological symptoms 85.33% and urogenital symptoms was 33.53%. 44.31% of women from class 4 of SES suffered from mild to severe symptoms, followed by class 3 with 20.06% (p= 0.00005). 73.86% from nuclear families and 66.67% for three generations in their families suffered from mild symptoms (p=0.0001) Conclusion: The prevalence of somatic postmenopausal symptoms was high compared to psychological and urogenital using MRS. Factors like age, poor socio-economic status, marital and educational status played a role in postmenopausal symptoms. Measures should be taken for early recognition of symptoms and treatment. To achieve this, the government, private, and voluntary organizations can establish postmenopausal clinics as soon as possible at the earliest at all levels of healthcare.
{"title":"Assessment of Postmenopausal Symptoms among women Residing in Urban Slums","authors":"V. Mangasuli, Mayur S. Sherkhane","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v11i4.11642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v11i4.11642","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Menopause is a normal physiological change and an important transition in women’s life. Onset of menopause has important implications on women’s fertility and health. Menopausal symptoms vary in severity and may decrease quality of life Thise is, because the majority of women still do not take treatment for these symptoms as most Indian women have a history of self-denial and neglect. This study is conducted to find the prevalence of postmenopausal symptoms among women resisting in urban slums \u0000Methods: This was a community based, cross-sectional study conducted among 334 postmenopausal women (45-60) residing in urban slums by systematic random sampling. Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was used to assess postmenopausal symptoms Pre-designed, pre-tested proforma was used for collecting data to identify the factors affecting it. General physical examination was carried out and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Data were entered in excel sheet and analysed using SPSS software version 20. Results were expressed as descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was used to find the association between two attributes. \u0000Results: 69.76% of participants had mild symptoms, 23.95% moderate symptoms and only 2.1% suffered from severe symptoms. The per MRS. Prevalence of somatic symptoms was 93.11%, psychological symptoms 85.33% and urogenital symptoms was 33.53%. 44.31% of women from class 4 of SES suffered from mild to severe symptoms, followed by class 3 with 20.06% (p= 0.00005). 73.86% from nuclear families and 66.67% for three generations in their families suffered from mild symptoms (p=0.0001) \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of somatic postmenopausal symptoms was high compared to psychological and urogenital using MRS. Factors like age, poor socio-economic status, marital and educational status played a role in postmenopausal symptoms. Measures should be taken for early recognition of symptoms and treatment. To achieve this, the government, private, and voluntary organizations can establish postmenopausal clinics as soon as possible at the earliest at all levels of healthcare.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41408714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i4.11640
Asie Eftekhari, M. Bakhtiari, A. Kianimoghadam
Background: Family's socio-economic status may significantly influence parenting style. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between attachment styles of 7 to 12-year-old children, parenting styles, and the socio-economic status of parents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The study population included 7 to 12 children who studied in elementary schools of Tehran in 2021. A sample of 95 individuals were selected by random sampling method and evaluated by questionares regarding Socio-Economic status (SE) (Ghodratnama, 2013), Parenting Style (PS) (Baumrind, 1973), Kinship Center Attachment (KCA) (Halpern and Kappenberg, 2006). The information obtained from the samples was analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS 22 software. The level of significance was considered 5%. Results: The sample group consisted of 100 parents of 7- to 12-year-old children in Tehran city. The results showed a significant correlation between the attachment styles of the children and parenting styles and the socio-economic (r= -.284, p<0.01) status of parents. In parenting styles there was a significant relationship between authoritive parenting style and positive adjustment (p<0.05), emotional reactivity (p<0.05), negative behaviour (p<0.01) and distancing from caregiver support (p<0.01). There was also a significant relationship between authoritarian and positive adjustment (p<0.01), negative behaviour (p<0.01), distancing from caregiver support (p<0.01). A significant relationship was observed between permissive and negative behavior (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both authoritative and permissive parenting styles seem to be dysfunctional. They cause different behavioural and emotional issues in children due to their attachment styles.
{"title":"The Relationship between the Attachment Styles of Children, Parenting Styles, and the Socio-Economic Status of parents","authors":"Asie Eftekhari, M. Bakhtiari, A. Kianimoghadam","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v11i4.11640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v11i4.11640","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Family's socio-economic status may significantly influence parenting style. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between attachment styles of 7 to 12-year-old children, parenting styles, and the socio-economic status of parents. \u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The study population included 7 to 12 children who studied in elementary schools of Tehran in 2021. A sample of 95 individuals were selected by random sampling method and evaluated by questionares regarding Socio-Economic status (SE) (Ghodratnama, 2013), Parenting Style (PS) (Baumrind, 1973), Kinship Center Attachment (KCA) (Halpern and Kappenberg, 2006). The information obtained from the samples was analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS 22 software. The level of significance was considered 5%. \u0000Results: The sample group consisted of 100 parents of 7- to 12-year-old children in Tehran city. The results showed a significant correlation between the attachment styles of the children and parenting styles and the socio-economic (r= -.284, p<0.01) status of parents. In parenting styles there was a significant relationship between authoritive parenting style and positive adjustment (p<0.05), emotional reactivity (p<0.05), negative behaviour (p<0.01) and distancing from caregiver support (p<0.01). There was also a significant relationship between authoritarian and positive adjustment (p<0.01), negative behaviour (p<0.01), distancing from caregiver support (p<0.01). A significant relationship was observed between permissive and negative behavior (p<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Both authoritative and permissive parenting styles seem to be dysfunctional. They cause different behavioural and emotional issues in children due to their attachment styles.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47477963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10867
Amin Karami, M. Askarishahi, N. Namiranian
Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases caused by metabolic disorders. It is the result of impaired secretion or function of insulin. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of different decision tree algorithms in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. It was done using a database regarding diabetic patients. They were referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center. Method: This study was analytical and cross-sectional. 2613 patients visited Yazd City's research and treatment center. Their demographic information was received in the first stage. Then, they were tested by the nursing team, and the patient's information form was completed by the respective nurse. After that, the descriptive indicators of mean, mode, median, variance, frequency, and percentage of missing data were observed. Four diagnostic models (Chadi), classification tree and regression (C and R), (Quest) and C 5.0 were compared. Authors evaluated the performance of these four models using three statistical criteria: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Gains chart was used for more accurate comparison of models. SPSS MODELER V 18.0 software was used for data processing and modeling. The significance level was considered 5%. Result: In this study, among the demographic and clinical variables, BMI, duration of disease, type of drug used, age, hypertension, gender, cholesterol, and hemoglobin A1c were entered in the final model. The dependent variable of retinopathy was investigated. It was based on the obtained criteria of accuracy (71.75), sensitivity (75.60), specificity (57.14) in the CART model; accuracy (65.84), sensitivity (65.86), specificity (65.76) of the Quest model; accuracy (69.33), sensitivity (67.35), specificity (76.81) of Chaid model; and accuracy (73.27), sensitivity (79.65), specificity (49.05) of Chaid model. Conclusion: Based on the criteria of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and comparison of Gain Chart for four algorithms, Chaid algorithm showed better performance. Therefore, for further research, the authors suggest this algorithm.
{"title":"Comparison of Different Decision Tree Algorithms for Classification of Retinopathy Patients in Yazd City, Central Part of Iran","authors":"Amin Karami, M. Askarishahi, N. Namiranian","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10867","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases caused by metabolic disorders. It is the result of impaired secretion or function of insulin. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of different decision tree algorithms in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. It was done using a database regarding diabetic patients. They were referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center. \u0000Method: This study was analytical and cross-sectional. 2613 patients visited Yazd City's research and treatment center. Their demographic information was received in the first stage. Then, they were tested by the nursing team, and the patient's information form was completed by the respective nurse. After that, the descriptive indicators of mean, mode, median, variance, frequency, and percentage of missing data were observed. Four diagnostic models (Chadi), classification tree and regression (C and R), (Quest) and C 5.0 were compared. Authors evaluated the performance of these four models using three statistical criteria: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Gains chart was used for more accurate comparison of models. SPSS MODELER V 18.0 software was used for data processing and modeling. The significance level was considered 5%. \u0000Result: In this study, among the demographic and clinical variables, BMI, duration of disease, type of drug used, age, hypertension, gender, cholesterol, and hemoglobin A1c were entered in the final model. The dependent variable of retinopathy was investigated. It was based on the obtained criteria of accuracy (71.75), sensitivity (75.60), specificity (57.14) in the CART model; accuracy (65.84), sensitivity (65.86), specificity (65.76) of the Quest model; accuracy (69.33), sensitivity (67.35), specificity (76.81) of Chaid model; and accuracy (73.27), sensitivity (79.65), specificity (49.05) of Chaid model. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the criteria of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and comparison of Gain Chart for four algorithms, Chaid algorithm showed better performance. Therefore, for further research, the authors suggest this algorithm.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43621430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10869
Amanpreet Kaur, Jagdeep Singh
Introduction: Training has a distinct role in the achievement of an organizational goal.. The present study aimed to identify the training needs of the doctors and nurses in the hospital and to prioritize these training needs. Methods: The study was a cross sectional study which was conducted in Sri Guru Ram Das charitable Hospital Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab,India, among doctors and nurses from october to December 2019. A total of 100 doctors and nurses through Convenient Sampling were interviewed after taking informed consent. The World Health Organization–adopted Hennessy Hicks Training Needs Analysis Questionnaire, a self-reported close-ended structured questionnaire with a core set of 30 items was used. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Descriptive statistics mean and (SD) were calculated for quantitative data and frequency ( percentages) for qualitative data. independent sample t-test was applied to compare importance and performance scores among doctors and nurses. p value less than 0.05 and 0.01 were considered significant and highly significant respectively. Results: There is maximum training need in research activities (average difference score of 1.5) followed by the supervisory /managerial tasks (1.2) and clinical tasks (1.1). For research activities mean (SD) difference of average score for importance and performance was 2.0 ( 1.10) among doctors and 1.6 among nurses (0.72) while for administrative tasks it was 1.5 ( 1.10) and 0.6 (0.96) for doctors and nurses respectively. For supervisory tasks it was 1.4 ( 0.94) among doctors and 0.9(SD 0.78) among nurses.( p value for research activities, administrative tasks and supervisory task was .03, .000 and .003 respectively) Conclusions: Among all the categories of activities, maximum training need was found for research activities followed by the supervisory /managerial tasks and clinical tasks.
简介：培训在实现组织目标方面有着独特的作用。。本研究旨在确定医院医生和护士的培训需求，并优先考虑这些培训需求。方法：该研究是一项横断面研究，于2019年10月至12月在印度旁遮普邦阿姆利则的Sri Guru Ram Das慈善医院Vallah对医生和护士进行。在取得知情同意书后，通过方便抽样共采访了100名医生和护士。世界卫生组织采用了Hennessy Hicks培训需求分析问卷，这是一份自我报告的封闭式结构化问卷，核心内容为30项。数据采用SPSS 20软件进行分析。定量数据计算描述性统计平均值和（SD），定性数据计算频率（百分比）。采用独立样本t检验比较医生和护士的重要性和绩效得分。p值小于0.05和0.01分别被认为是显著的和高度显著的。结果：研究活动的培训需求最大（平均差分为1.5），其次是监督/管理任务（1.2）和临床任务（1.1）。在研究活动中，医生和护士在重要性和绩效方面的平均差分（SD）分别为2.0（1.10）和1.6（0.72），而在行政任务中，则分别为1.5（1.10）、0.6（0.96）分别为医生和护士。在监督任务方面，医生为1.4（0.94），护士为0.9（SD 0.78）。（研究活动、行政任务和监督任务的p值分别为.03、.000和.003）结论：在所有活动类别中，研究活动的培训需求最大，其次是监督/管理任务和临床任务。
{"title":"A Study of Training Needs Assessment of Doctors and Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study in Punjab, India.","authors":"Amanpreet Kaur, Jagdeep Singh","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10869","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Training has a distinct role in the achievement of an organizational goal.. The present study aimed to identify the training needs of the doctors and nurses in the hospital and to prioritize these training needs. \u0000Methods: The study was a cross sectional study which was conducted in Sri Guru Ram Das charitable Hospital Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab,India, among doctors and nurses from october to December 2019. A total of 100 doctors and nurses through Convenient Sampling were interviewed after taking informed consent. The World Health Organization–adopted Hennessy Hicks Training Needs Analysis Questionnaire, a self-reported close-ended structured questionnaire with a core set of 30 items was used. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Descriptive statistics mean and (SD) were calculated for quantitative data and frequency ( percentages) for qualitative data. independent sample t-test was applied to compare importance and performance scores among doctors and nurses. p value less than 0.05 and 0.01 were considered significant and highly significant respectively. \u0000Results: There is maximum training need in research activities (average difference score of 1.5) followed by the supervisory /managerial tasks (1.2) and clinical tasks (1.1). For research activities mean (SD) difference of average score for importance and performance was 2.0 ( 1.10) among doctors and 1.6 among nurses (0.72) while for administrative tasks it was 1.5 ( 1.10) and 0.6 (0.96) for doctors and nurses respectively. For supervisory tasks it was 1.4 ( 0.94) among doctors and 0.9(SD 0.78) among nurses.( p value for research activities, administrative tasks and supervisory task was .03, .000 and .003 respectively) \u0000Conclusions: Among all the categories of activities, maximum training need was found for research activities followed by the supervisory /managerial tasks and clinical tasks.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44317094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10872
Sajjad Bahariniya, F. Madadizadeh, Elham Khaledi, Mehrnoosh Qomi
Introduction: One of the main pillars of the study is the correct choice of study design. This study aimed to give an overview of different type of study designs in medical research. Methods: In this tutorial study, all applied research designs in terms of quantitative and qualitative study were reviewed. Accordingly, terms related to "Research Designs" were searched in the online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Results: Based on the findings of the present study, the types of studies are generally divided into two groups: quantitative studies and qualitative studies. Quantitative studies are divided into two categories: primary and secondary studies. Preliminary studies include observational and non-observational studies. Observational studies are divided into two categories: descriptive and analytical studies. Descriptive studies include case reports, cross-sectional studies, cross-sectional correlational studies and ecological studies, and analytical studies include retrospective and group studies. Non-observational studies also include laboratory studies, clinical trials, field trials, and community trials. Conclusion: With a good understanding of the types of studies, it is easy to decide which type of study is appropriate for the research. Choosing proper study design can reduce the costs of the executive process, increase the accuracy, quality of research and give more reliable results.
前言:研究的主要支柱之一是研究设计的正确选择。本研究旨在概述医学研究中不同类型的研究设计。方法:在本研究中，对所有的应用研究设计从定量和定性两方面进行综述。因此，在b谷歌Scholar、PubMed、Web of Science和Scopus等在线数据库中搜索了与“研究设计”相关的术语。结果:根据本研究的发现，研究类型大致分为两组:定量研究和定性研究。定量研究分为两类:初级研究和次级研究。初步研究包括观察性和非观察性研究。观察性研究分为两类:描述性研究和分析性研究。描述性研究包括病例报告、横断面研究、横断面相关性研究和生态学研究，分析性研究包括回顾性研究和群体研究。非观察性研究还包括实验室研究、临床试验、现场试验和社区试验。结论:对研究类型有了很好的了解，就很容易决定哪种类型的研究适合本研究。选择合适的研究设计可以降低执行过程的成本，提高研究的准确性和质量，并给出更可靠的结果。
{"title":"Tutorial on Applied Study Designs in Medical Research","authors":"Sajjad Bahariniya, F. Madadizadeh, Elham Khaledi, Mehrnoosh Qomi","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10872","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of the main pillars of the study is the correct choice of study design. This study aimed to give an overview of different type of study designs in medical research. \u0000Methods: In this tutorial study, all applied research designs in terms of quantitative and qualitative study were reviewed. Accordingly, terms related to \"Research Designs\" were searched in the online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. \u0000Results: Based on the findings of the present study, the types of studies are generally divided into two groups: quantitative studies and qualitative studies. Quantitative studies are divided into two categories: primary and secondary studies. Preliminary studies include observational and non-observational studies. Observational studies are divided into two categories: descriptive and analytical studies. Descriptive studies include case reports, cross-sectional studies, cross-sectional correlational studies and ecological studies, and analytical studies include retrospective and group studies. Non-observational studies also include laboratory studies, clinical trials, field trials, and community trials. \u0000Conclusion: With a good understanding of the types of studies, it is easy to decide which type of study is appropriate for the research. Choosing proper study design can reduce the costs of the executive process, increase the accuracy, quality of research and give more reliable results.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48866808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10870
R. Bidaki, Marzie Bagheri Mahonaki, Z. S. Shahrbabaki, Hamid Bakhshi Aliabad, M. Sadeh
Introduction: Social acceptance is defined as the support by social network for patients via family, friends and colleagues that often reason the better management and prognosis. If the social acceptance is significantly low in patients with chronic diseases like tuberculosis, an appropriate plan can raise the level of knowledge and the culture of the community to enhance the level of patient and community's acceptance. The authors aim to evaluate social acceptance and related factors in these patients in Rafsanjan. Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 29 pulmonary TB (tuberculosis) patients who had referred to Rafsanjan city health center in Iran in 2014. They were selected by census method. The Marlou-Crown questionnaire was completed by patients, and the scores were calculated based on the questionnaire key using SPSS 16. T-test, Fisher and chi-square tests were used for evaluation, and the significance level was P-value <0.05. Results: Results showed that the frequency social acceptance among patients was moderate to high (62%) and moderate to low (38%). Fifteen (52%) patients were male and 14 (48%) were female whose age range was 8 to 90. Among the variables of age, sex, education, place of residence, nationality and family history of patients, the relationship between age، nationality, positive family history of TB and social acceptance was significant (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that older patients, those with a family history of TB, and migrant patients have higher social acceptance (P-value <0.05).
{"title":"Social Acceptance for Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis from Their Own Perspective in Rafsanjan, Iran: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"R. Bidaki, Marzie Bagheri Mahonaki, Z. S. Shahrbabaki, Hamid Bakhshi Aliabad, M. Sadeh","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10870","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Social acceptance is defined as the support by social network for patients via family, friends and colleagues that often reason the better management and prognosis. If the social acceptance is significantly low in patients with chronic diseases like tuberculosis, an appropriate plan can raise the level of knowledge and the culture of the community to enhance the level of patient and community's acceptance. The authors aim to evaluate social acceptance and related factors in these patients in Rafsanjan. \u0000Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 29 pulmonary TB (tuberculosis) patients who had referred to Rafsanjan city health center in Iran in 2014. They were selected by census method. The Marlou-Crown questionnaire was completed by patients, and the scores were calculated based on the questionnaire key using SPSS 16. T-test, Fisher and chi-square tests were used for evaluation, and the significance level was P-value <0.05. \u0000Results: Results showed that the frequency social acceptance among patients was moderate to high (62%) and moderate to low (38%). Fifteen (52%) patients were male and 14 (48%) were female whose age range was 8 to 90. Among the variables of age, sex, education, place of residence, nationality and family history of patients, the relationship between age، nationality, positive family history of TB and social acceptance was significant (P-value <0.05). \u0000Conclusion: This study concludes that older patients, those with a family history of TB, and migrant patients have higher social acceptance (P-value <0.05).","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49643781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10866
Z. Karimiankakolaki, V. Anoosheh, F. Aliakbari
Introduction: The tools for assessing the appropriateness of educational materials are measuring device. Suitability offers a systematic approach to objectively assessing the appropriateness of health information material for a specific audience. The present study is designed to evaluate the readability and suitability of educational media about regarding men's secondhand smoke (SHS) in the smoker men on their the exposure of pregnant wives. Methods: This cross sectional study was done from October to December 2018 in Isfahan, Iran. Participants were in two groups. The first group of educational media audience consisted of 20 smokers with a pregnant wife. The second group was 15 people from the panel of experts. Written educational media (pamphlets) were evaluated. The readability of the material was measured by “readability assessment of materials” (RAM) and suitability was retrieved through “suitability assessment materials” (SAM). The Gunning-Fog Index was used to assess the readability of the media and the cloze test was used to assess the educational level of the media. Descriptive indices were stated for all variables. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS18. Results: The readability mean score of the educational material was 16.60±1.34 for pamphlet, which was acceptable (score>10, P=0.000). Results showed the percentage points SAM score for the pamphlet was 85%. The educational material for media was “excellent” on the SAM rating. The score of the Gunning-Fog index for pamphlets was 9.6 and equivalent to the third grade of guidance was obtained. According to the evaluation by cloze test, pamphlet learning was assessed as an independent training without the need for a teacher. Conclusions: The printed materials were well-matched after evaluation by the RAM and the SAM checklist, the Gunning-Fog Index and the cloze test. They were consistent with the characteristics of smoker men.
{"title":"Readability and Suitability Evaluation of Educational Media Regarding Men's Secondhand Smoke on Pregnant Wives","authors":"Z. Karimiankakolaki, V. Anoosheh, F. Aliakbari","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10866","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The tools for assessing the appropriateness of educational materials are measuring device. Suitability offers a systematic approach to objectively assessing the appropriateness of health information material for a specific audience. The present study is designed to evaluate the readability and suitability of educational media about regarding men's secondhand smoke (SHS) in the smoker men on their the exposure of pregnant wives. \u0000Methods: This cross sectional study was done from October to December 2018 in Isfahan, Iran. Participants were in two groups. The first group of educational media audience consisted of 20 smokers with a pregnant wife. The second group was 15 people from the panel of experts. Written educational media (pamphlets) were evaluated. The readability of the material was measured by “readability assessment of materials” (RAM) and suitability was retrieved through “suitability assessment materials” (SAM). The Gunning-Fog Index was used to assess the readability of the media and the cloze test was used to assess the educational level of the media. Descriptive indices were stated for all variables. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS18. \u0000Results: The readability mean score of the educational material was 16.60±1.34 for pamphlet, which was acceptable (score>10, P=0.000). Results showed the percentage points SAM score for the pamphlet was 85%. The educational material for media was “excellent” on the SAM rating. The score of the Gunning-Fog index for pamphlets was 9.6 and equivalent to the third grade of guidance was obtained. According to the evaluation by cloze test, pamphlet learning was assessed as an independent training without the need for a teacher. \u0000Conclusions: The printed materials were well-matched after evaluation by the RAM and the SAM checklist, the Gunning-Fog Index and the cloze test. They were consistent with the characteristics of smoker men.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45857881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10865
A. Noaman
Introduction: Young people often rely on electronic and digital media devices to accomplish many of their daily tasks, which may interfere with their daily physical activities. This study aims to find out the relationship between the use of electronic and digital devices before bedtime and sleep sufficiency among Iraqi young people. Methods: This was an analytical, cross-sectional study that was conducted on 383 young adults aged 18-25 years attending in Al-Tahrir Primary Health Care Center for immunization through purposive sampling technique from September 15, 2019 to January 10, 2020. The tool was a researcher- made questionnaire. The SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis, where the t-test was used to find a possible relationship between the variables. The descriptive statistics included percent, means and standard deviations, independent sample T-test was used to find a possible relationship between the variables. All statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS software version 20 with considering significant level of 5%. Results: Mean (SD) use of electronic or digital devices at night in terms of watching television, using play station, using computer, using cell phone for gaming, and using mobile for the Internet [2.8 (3.48), 1.20 (2.0), 2.13 (3.16), 5.37 (5.0) and 10.90 (6.08)] respectively. As a result, there was a significant difference regarding the use of the cell phone for games (P-value= 0.011) and for social media (P-value= 0.000). The mean use of cell phone per night was statistically higher (20.38 minutes) than those who reported having sufficient hours of sleep (10.38 minutes) (P- value=0.040). The study also observed that the mean number of cell phone calls (5.16) was statistically associated with inadequate sleep hours per night (P-value=0.022). Conclusions: This study found that most participants reported adequate sleep hours after electronic or digital devices were turned off. This is because the increase in the mean number of calls and the minutes during calls before going to sleep was significantly associated with a lack of sleep.
{"title":"The Impact of the Use of Electronic and Digital Devices before Bedtime on Sleep Sufficiency among Iraqi Young People","authors":"A. Noaman","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10865","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Young people often rely on electronic and digital media devices to accomplish many of their daily tasks, which may interfere with their daily physical activities. This study aims to find out the relationship between the use of electronic and digital devices before bedtime and sleep sufficiency among Iraqi young people. \u0000Methods: This was an analytical, cross-sectional study that was conducted on 383 young adults aged 18-25 years attending in Al-Tahrir Primary Health Care Center for immunization through purposive sampling technique from September 15, 2019 to January 10, 2020. The tool was a researcher- made questionnaire. The SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis, where the t-test was used to find a possible relationship between the variables. The descriptive statistics included percent, means and standard deviations, independent sample T-test was used to find a possible relationship between the variables. All statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS software version 20 with considering significant level of 5%. \u0000Results: Mean (SD) use of electronic or digital devices at night in terms of watching television, using play station, using computer, using cell phone for gaming, and using mobile for the Internet [2.8 (3.48), 1.20 (2.0), 2.13 (3.16), 5.37 (5.0) and 10.90 (6.08)] respectively. As a result, there was a significant difference regarding the use of the cell phone for games (P-value= 0.011) and for social media (P-value= 0.000). The mean use of cell phone per night was statistically higher (20.38 minutes) than those who reported having sufficient hours of sleep (10.38 minutes) (P- value=0.040). The study also observed that the mean number of cell phone calls (5.16) was statistically associated with inadequate sleep hours per night (P-value=0.022). \u0000Conclusions: This study found that most participants reported adequate sleep hours after electronic or digital devices were turned off. This is because the increase in the mean number of calls and the minutes during calls before going to sleep was significantly associated with a lack of sleep.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41540123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10873
Latifeh Abdellahi, S. Hejazi, N. Amirmozafari, F. Sotoodehnejadnematalahi
Introduction: Iran is one of the most important hot spots for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the world. To date, no studies have been done on both epidemiological aspects along with the length of the treatment course of CL. This study aimed to determine the relative frequency of CL in patients with suspected skin lesions and the duration of healing after treatment with different regimens. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with CL referred to the skin diseases and leishmaniasis research center (SDLRC) in Isfahan during the years 2018 to 2019. Among 389 patients with suspected skin lesions, 150 cases were included with proven CL. Information such as age, sex, education, location, size of the lesion, duration of treatment, and the rate of recovery were recorded. SPSS software version 20 was used for data analysis, the chi-square, Fisher´s Exact, and one Way ANOVA tests were used with a significant level of p < 0.05. Results: Among 350 admitted cases, 150 cases were CL. positive (42.85%). The rate of complete recovery was higher in cases with an average age of 33.55 ±18.9 years (P =0.077). There was 34 cases more than the other groups in this range of age. ( The rate of complete recovery in patients with a history of migration to endemic areas was higher than in patients without a history of migration (P = 0.81)). The rate of complete recovery in patients whose means treatment duration was 59.03 ± 41.43 days was higher than other recovery periods (P = 0.23). Conclusion: The rate of complete recovery was higher in adult cases than the other groups. In this study, it was proved that the rate of recovery of patients had the significant relationship with the average duration of treatment.
{"title":"Frequency of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Complete Ulcer Healing in Patients Referred to Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan, Iran from 2018 to 2019","authors":"Latifeh Abdellahi, S. Hejazi, N. Amirmozafari, F. Sotoodehnejadnematalahi","doi":"10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jchr.v11i3.10873","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Iran is one of the most important hot spots for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the world. To date, no studies have been done on both epidemiological aspects along with the length of the treatment course of CL. This study aimed to determine the relative frequency of CL in patients with suspected skin lesions and the duration of healing after treatment with different regimens. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with CL referred to the skin diseases and leishmaniasis research center (SDLRC) in Isfahan during the years 2018 to 2019. Among 389 patients with suspected skin lesions, 150 cases were included with proven CL. Information such as age, sex, education, location, size of the lesion, duration of treatment, and the rate of recovery were recorded. SPSS software version 20 was used for data analysis, the chi-square, Fisher´s Exact, and one Way ANOVA tests were used with a significant level of p < 0.05. \u0000Results: Among 350 admitted cases, 150 cases were CL. positive (42.85%). The rate of complete recovery was higher in cases with an average age of 33.55 ±18.9 years (P =0.077). There was 34 cases more than the other groups in this range of age. ( The rate of complete recovery in patients with a history of migration to endemic areas was higher than in patients without a history of migration (P = 0.81)). The rate of complete recovery in patients whose means treatment duration was 59.03 ± 41.43 days was higher than other recovery periods (P = 0.23). \u0000Conclusion: The rate of complete recovery was higher in adult cases than the other groups. In this study, it was proved that the rate of recovery of patients had the significant relationship with the average duration of treatment.","PeriodicalId":15521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44025153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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