Journal of Dietary Supplements最新文献

Protein supplementation, particularly whey and soy protein, are widely used by individuals engaged in resistance exercise training (RET) to enhance lean body mass (LBM) and muscle strength. However, their effectiveness remain unclear due to conflicting study results. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of whey and soy protein supplementation on amino acid bioavailability, LBM, and strength performance in healthy young adults engaged in RET. Database searches were conducted in Cochrane, EBSCO Host, PubMed, and Scopus from inception to October 19, 2024 using a pre-defined search strategy. Initial screening resulted in a total of 1,813 studies that met the eligibility criteria. The inclusion criteria required participants to be trained or untrained young adults aged 18-30 years engaged in RET and taking either whey or soy protein in the form of concentrate or isolate with the primary outcome of LBM and secondary outcomes of bench press, squat, or plasma essential amino acid (EAA). The studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and a meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. A total of 12 studies with 261 participants were included after full-text screening with the main reason for exclusion being wrong population. The analysis found no significant effect of either whey or soy protein supplementation on LBM. However, protein supplement increased peak plasma total EAA with whey protein significantly improved bench press (mean difference [MD] 8.87; 95% CI: 5.95-11.79) and squat performance (MD 9.60; 95% CI: 5.61-13.60), with low to no heterogeneity. These findings suggest whey protein supplementation can enhance strength without significantly altering LBM in young adults. However, further large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to establish definitive conclusions on the effects of protein supplementation RET. The review was registered August 30, 2024 in PROSPERO (CRD42024598070).

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most widely used plant extracts and has been associated with improvements in biomarkers relevant to cardiovascular disease. Given the global burden of cardiovascular disease, this systematic review of randomized controlled trials aimed to evaluate the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar was performed up to January 2025 to identify eligible RCTs evaluating ginger supplementation. Outcomes included lipid profile, glycemic markers, blood pressure, inflammatory indicators, and liver enzymes. Data were pooled using weighted mean differences (WMDs). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Forty-one RCTs were included. Ginger supplementation was effective in improving FBS (WMD = -12.79 mg/dL; 95% CI = -18.57), insulin (WMD = -1.33 µIU/ml; 95% CI = -1.94, -0.71), HOMA-IR (WMD = -0.51; 95% CI = -0.68, -0.33), HbA1c (WMD = -0.68%; 95% CI = -1.00, -0.36), TG (WMD = -11.98 mg/dL; 95% CI = -23.27, -0.69), LDL (WMD = -4.55 mg/dL; 95% CI = -8.43, -0.68), HDL (WMD = 0.80 mg/dL; 95% CI = 0.01, 1.59), SBP (WMD = -2.72 mmHg; 95% CI = -5.25, -0.19), and ICAM-1 (WMD = -20.26 ng/ml; 95% CI = -40.49, -0.03). Ginger supplementation was not effective on the remaining outcomes. Ginger supplementation may improve several biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, with stronger effects in unhealthy individuals. Further studies are required to establish a clear cutoff for optimal dosage and intervention duration.

Properly validated procedures can reduce variation and lead to data that is more accurate and precise. Analytical procedure lifecycle management (APLM) is a statistical approach based on uncertainty measurements that validates procedures by demonstrating they are fit for purpose. APLM results can also be used to compare procedures. This paper builds upon previous publications that introduced, developed, and demonstrated the application of APLM as described in USP <1220> to a microbiological analytical procedure. The application of APLM is demonstrated in two MS EXCEL workbooks that are provided: Template APLM, that can be used to apply APLM to any microbiological plate count procedure and Case Study APLM detailing the APLM validation and comparison of enumeration procedures associated with a Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic ingredient. The measurand and analytical target profile are clearly defined, a risk assessment is documented, and an analytical control strategy created. Two different procedures, ISO 20128 and USP <64>, are compared using tolerance intervals (TI) calculated from the procedures' uncertainties. Tools to ease validation and comparison and all required statistical equations are contained within the workbooks. Case study data, which is based on a Lactobacillus acidophilus, single-strain, powdered ingredient, was generated in a manufacturing facility laboratory. This example of using APLM validated ISO 20128 as fit for the purpose of enumerating L. acidophilus in a powdered probiotic ingredient by showing that the intermediate precision (0.062 log₁₀ CFU/g) was less than the target measurement uncertainty (0.097 log₁₀ CFU/g). When comparing ISO 20128 to USP <64> overlapping tolerance intervals were observed; 11.14-11.76 log₁₀ CFU/g and 11.41 to 11.62 log₁₀ CFU/g, respectively. The results indicate the procedures are similar, but not equivalent. Options for using APLM and TI information are discussed. This study shows that APLM and tolerance intervals are useful tools that improve and ease procedure selection, assist in information gathering that leads to better understanding and control of analytical procedures, and helps improve data quality.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most widely used herbs, employed in various food preparations, beverages, and herbal medicines. In recent decades, the demand for commercial formulations of ginger, including herbal medicines, nutraceuticals, and botanical dietary supplements (BDS), has increased significantly, and these products are now readily available. Research indicates that a significant portion of the population regularly consumes ginger and its commercial products, often believing that these products are free from side effects due to their natural origin. However, recent preclinical and clinical studies indicate that ginger can interact substantially with various xenobiotic receptors (e.g. PXR, CAR and AhR), drug-metabolizing cytochrome enzymes (CYP3A4, 2C9, 2D6, 1A2, and GST), and drug transporters (P-gp, BCRP, OATP, and OCT). As a result, over-consumption may lead to herb-drug interactions (HDIs) that are often unnoticed but can sometimes require urgent medical intervention, especially in long-term patients. However, there is limited information available regarding its HDIs. This report outlines the basic concept of HDIs, explores the HDI potential of ginger phytochemicals, and presents clinical cases resulting from the indiscriminate consumption of ginger or its products. We believe this information proves valuable to average consumers, researchers, and policymakers.

Guanidinoacetic acid, the immediate precursor of creatine, is gaining renewed attention as a nutritional and therapeutic agent capable of enhancing tissue bioenergetics. Yet, a comprehensive mechanistic framework describing how exogenous guanidinoacetic acid is processed in the human body is lacking. This concept paper proposes an integrated metabolic model of guanidinoacetic acid utilization, synthesizing available kinetic evidence on its enzymatic conversion via guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), cellular trafficking through the creatine transporter (SLC6A8), and ancillary routes including reverse amidinotransferase activity, oxidative degradation, and renal handling. Our modeling reveals that GAMT achieves near-saturation at relatively low guanidinoacetic acid intakes, whereas SLC6A8 transport capacity remains underutilized even at higher systemic guanidinoacetic acid levels due to competitive interactions with creatine. Secondary pathways contribute proportionally less to overall guanidinoacetic acid fate but may assume greater importance in metabolic stress, aging, or creatine-deficiency states. By estimating theoretical distributions of guanidinoacetic acid flux across these pathways for commonly used oral doses (1-4 g/day), this manuscript provides a mechanistic foundation for optimizing guanidinoacetic acid supplementation strategies. The model highlights clinically relevant opportunities-such as enhancing creatine repletion, supporting mitochondrial function, and addressing creatine-deficiency syndromes-while identifying key parameters that require in vivo validation. Collectively, this work aims to guide both basic researchers and clinicians toward a more informed and strategic use of guanidinoacetic acid in human nutrition and health.

There are currently no non-pharmacological solutions to combat the appetite and cognitive dysfunctions associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Ketosis may be a potential solution, though the restrictive nature of dietary ketosis limits its long-term utility. Oral administration of exogenous ketone esters (KE) independently induces ketosis, eliciting hyperketonemia without the need for prolonged dietary restrictions. However, the acute effects of oral KEs on appetite and cognition have not been evaluated in individuals with MetS. For this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, matched-pairs crossover study, 10 individuals with MetS and 10 without (non-MetS) matched for age, sex, and race/ethnicity completed a cardiometabolic screening/familiarization visit and two experimental trials. During the experimental trials, cognitive function, subjective appetite, and respiratory gases were measured at baseline and for 2h following the ingestion of a randomly assigned KE or placebo drink. Post-trial food intake was also collected. Independent of MetS group, indices of working memory significantly improved (p ≤ .035), and blood glucose significantly decreased (p < .001), following KE ingestion. However, after the KE condition, markers of subjective appetite (p ≤ .048) only decreased in the non-MetS group. Post-trial relative fat intake was higher in the MetS group than the non-MetS group following the KE (p = .002), and lower after the KE than the placebo for the non-MetS group (p = .028). Our findings indicate that while cognitive function may increase following KE ingestion independent of MetS, appetite may only decrease in those without MetS; providing further insight to our understanding of the behavioral and metabolic responses to exogenous ketosis.

The consumption of dietary supplements (DS) has resulted in a significant and escalating number of cases involving liver injury. It is crucial for clinicians and consumers to be well informed about the adverse effects of such products, leading to their discontinuation and timely reporting of any harmful cases. This article delves into the clinical perspective of DS-related hepatotoxicity, highlighting key concepts such as a systematic diagnostic approach. The discussion extends to notable examples of both currently popular and potential future dietary supplements, such as garcinia cambogia, turmeric, and ashwagandha, accompanied by an overview of recent findings. Causality assessment tools play a crucial role in establishing a connection between these products and instances of liver injury, with consideration of the advantages and disadvantages associated with their use. Fostering a comprehensive understanding of regulatory standards, coupled with a solid foundation of knowledge of DS, will prove instrumental in preventing DS-related hepatotoxicity. Achieving this goal requires collaborative efforts from both consumers and clinicians.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent and multifactorial condition requiring pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for its management. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), magnesium, and tryptophan are associated with FM symptoms, but their combined effects in this condition are poorly understood. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of CoQ10, tryptophan, and magnesium supplementation in patients with FM. This single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, two-sequence crossover study included adult patients diagnosed with FM for at least two years. The study comprised two periods of three months each, and a one-month washout period between them. Participants were randomized to receive the dietary supplement or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change in the item fatigue of the combined index of fibromyalgia impact in patients (ICAF). Secondary outcomes included changes in the remaining ICAF factors and items and in the total score. Of 110 enrolled patients, 89 (mean age: 51.0 years; 96.6% women) completed the study. Most participants (94.4%) were on pharmacological treatment for FM. Fatigue improved significantly in the placebo group, with a non-significant reduction in the dietary supplement group. Pain intensity significantly decreased in both groups, while sleep quality and functional impact showed a significant reduction in the dietary supplement group. The ICAF total score improved significantly after 3 months of receiving the dietary supplement. Adverse events (n = 35) were mild and homogenously distributed between groups. The dietary supplement was efficacious in improving physical aspects of FM, including pain, sleep quality, and impact, and showed good tolerability.

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid reported to cause hepatic toxicity and other fatalities in humans as well as animals/birds. Quercetin is a flavonoid that has beneficial health-protective effects, its use is limited because of its poor bioavailability, metabolism through colonic microbial flora, and first-pass hepatic metabolism. To overcome these limitations, quercetin was loaded into chitosan nanoparticles by following the solvent evaporation method. The study objectives were synthesizing, characterizing quercetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, and determination of hepatoprotective potential against chemical (pyrethroid) induced liver injury in animal models. The nanoparticles were characterized by zeta size and potential, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency, and FTIR. The prepared nano-formulation was physically stable and fell within the nanoscale range (188.5 nm) with high entrapment efficiency (80.4%). The study was conducted with four treatment groups (n = 5) comprising 20 rabbits, in which group 1 was the negative control (normal diet), group 2 was a positive control (cypermethrin 24 mg/Kg), group 3 and 4 were treated with low-dose (10 mg/kg) and high-dose (20 mg/kg) quercetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles respectively, along with cypermethrin 24 mg/kg) for 28 days. It was found that cypermethrin-treated animals have high levels of LFT and histopathological lesions in the liver. Co-administration of quercetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with cypermethrin successfully ameliorated hepatotoxicity in rabbits in a dose-dependent manner.

Vitamins, as essential m icronutrients, are vital for numerous cellular functions and play a key role in maintaining hematological parameter s during pregnancy, including erythropoiesis and processes affecting iron status. Iron-Deficient Gestational Anemia (IDGA), the most common clinicopathological condition in obstetrics and highly prevalent in developing countries, significantly contributes to complications such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes. While it is recognized that vitamin deficiencies impact iron metabolism and erythropoiesis, a complete understanding of their specific roles in preventing and managing IDGA is lacking. Insights into how vitamin deficiencies influence gene expression and cellular signaling are crucial. With rising IDGA prevalence, ensuring adequate vitamin intake during pregnancy is essential for improving hematological health. Mobile health-based literacy tools can effectively promote patient education to achieve this. This review underscores the critical role of vitamins in regulating hemoglobin levels in IDGA.