Abstract As being one of the main waveform candidates developed for meeting the demands of fifth generation (5G) and beyond telecommunication technologies, universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) has various appealing features contributing to overcome many obstacles in wireless communication. However, due to the usage of multiple subcarriers, UFMC signals suffer from having high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which has to be kept at low level to prevent the communication quality from being deteriorated. To overcome the problem of high PAPR in the UFMC signals, an advanced version of partial transmit sequence (PTS) was created for PAPR alleviation by integrating an intelligent optimization algorithm in place of its random phase generator. To this end, crow search algorithm (CSA) was utilized. Initially, its novel discrete version called DCSA was developed to make it suitable to be employed in phase sequence optimization, which is a type of combinatorial optimization problem to be solved in discrete space. After the integration of DCSA into the conventional PTS, an advanced PTS variant named DCSA-PTS was created for the UFMC. Optimizing the phase sequences via the DCSA instead of generating them in a random way enhances the performance of PTS scheme. Thanks to the DCSA-based phase optimization, it becomes possible to attain better phase combinations in smaller number of searches. The advantage of using DCSA as a phase optimizer is supported by the simulation results. Due to the superior phase optimization performance of our novel DCSA, the proposed DCSA-PTS strategy clearly outperforms the other schemes considered in this paper.
{"title":"A powerful PTS strategy boosted by a novel discrete crow search algorithm for reducing the PAPR of UFMC signals","authors":"Sakir Simsir, N. Taspinar","doi":"10.2478/jee-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As being one of the main waveform candidates developed for meeting the demands of fifth generation (5G) and beyond telecommunication technologies, universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) has various appealing features contributing to overcome many obstacles in wireless communication. However, due to the usage of multiple subcarriers, UFMC signals suffer from having high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which has to be kept at low level to prevent the communication quality from being deteriorated. To overcome the problem of high PAPR in the UFMC signals, an advanced version of partial transmit sequence (PTS) was created for PAPR alleviation by integrating an intelligent optimization algorithm in place of its random phase generator. To this end, crow search algorithm (CSA) was utilized. Initially, its novel discrete version called DCSA was developed to make it suitable to be employed in phase sequence optimization, which is a type of combinatorial optimization problem to be solved in discrete space. After the integration of DCSA into the conventional PTS, an advanced PTS variant named DCSA-PTS was created for the UFMC. Optimizing the phase sequences via the DCSA instead of generating them in a random way enhances the performance of PTS scheme. Thanks to the DCSA-based phase optimization, it becomes possible to attain better phase combinations in smaller number of searches. The advantage of using DCSA as a phase optimizer is supported by the simulation results. Due to the superior phase optimization performance of our novel DCSA, the proposed DCSA-PTS strategy clearly outperforms the other schemes considered in this paper.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"74 1","pages":"197 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47337135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) are competitive motors for in-wheel traction systems of electric vehicles. A new tangentially magnetized permanent magnets machine with outer rotor and unequal stator teeth for in-wheel motor application is proposed in this paper. The analytical calculations of the proposed topology are presented by determining the magnetic flux densities and the iron losses in all parts of the machine. The machine design is optimized using three state-of-the-art multiobjective algorithms which are AbYSS, MOCell and NMOPSO algorithms. Moreover, the optimization procedure is carried out according to three objectives: the maximization of the machine efficiency and the minimization of the mass and ripple torque. The optimization results showed that all the algorithms can find a set of optimal solutions and that the NMPSO algorithm outperforms the other two techniques. The finite element method (FEM) is used to investigate the optimization results. It is observed some magnetic saturation in the rotor yoke and the magnet’s extremes. The value of the induction in these machine regions is about 1.9 T. The comparison between the FEM and optimization results proved the rationality of the proposed optimization procedure.
{"title":"New design and optimization of an in-wheel permanent magnet motor with tangentially magnetized magnets and unequal stator teeth","authors":"Lassaad Zaaraoui, A. Mansouri","doi":"10.2478/jee-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) are competitive motors for in-wheel traction systems of electric vehicles. A new tangentially magnetized permanent magnets machine with outer rotor and unequal stator teeth for in-wheel motor application is proposed in this paper. The analytical calculations of the proposed topology are presented by determining the magnetic flux densities and the iron losses in all parts of the machine. The machine design is optimized using three state-of-the-art multiobjective algorithms which are AbYSS, MOCell and NMOPSO algorithms. Moreover, the optimization procedure is carried out according to three objectives: the maximization of the machine efficiency and the minimization of the mass and ripple torque. The optimization results showed that all the algorithms can find a set of optimal solutions and that the NMPSO algorithm outperforms the other two techniques. The finite element method (FEM) is used to investigate the optimization results. It is observed some magnetic saturation in the rotor yoke and the magnet’s extremes. The value of the induction in these machine regions is about 1.9 T. The comparison between the FEM and optimization results proved the rationality of the proposed optimization procedure.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"74 1","pages":"228 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42446309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper focuses on usage of digital qubits on a digital quantum computing platform implemented on FPGAs. Modifications have been made to existing digital qubit standards to account for complex probability amplitudes and not only real ones. This paper introduces an improved transient effect ring-oscillator based TRNG used in the scope of this project. The objective of this was to simulate the addition of environmental noise in a digital setting. Using the newly designed digital qubits, a few quantum logic gates have been designed to work on the FPGA platform using Verilog. These logic gates have then been used to implement entanglement on a digital hardware platform. Furthermore, this paper implements communication between two digital quantum computers over both wired and wireless media by transmitting alphabetical messages as qubits and compares the same with transmission involving classical digital bits only.
{"title":"Entaglement and communication in digital qubits using FPGAs","authors":"Bhuvan Hawargi, K. Akshay, Kaustav Bhowmick","doi":"10.2478/jee-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper focuses on usage of digital qubits on a digital quantum computing platform implemented on FPGAs. Modifications have been made to existing digital qubit standards to account for complex probability amplitudes and not only real ones. This paper introduces an improved transient effect ring-oscillator based TRNG used in the scope of this project. The objective of this was to simulate the addition of environmental noise in a digital setting. Using the newly designed digital qubits, a few quantum logic gates have been designed to work on the FPGA platform using Verilog. These logic gates have then been used to implement entanglement on a digital hardware platform. Furthermore, this paper implements communication between two digital quantum computers over both wired and wireless media by transmitting alphabetical messages as qubits and compares the same with transmission involving classical digital bits only.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"74 1","pages":"154 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42845546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Cellular technology has brought about a significant revolution in the way we communicate and share information. In the last four (4) decades, researchers in the field of wireless cellular technology have been consistently upscaling their designs in tech space which has led to the evolutions of 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G in close successions. The most recent is 5G which is currently being implemented in various continents across the globe. 5G encompasses a technological framework that can support machine-to-machine (m2m) communication, virtual and augmented reality and smart manufacturing. However, its drawbacks are now coming into bare as its being deployed globally which suggests that 5G may not stand test of time beyond this decade. This has necessitated early research work into the evolution of next generation technology, the 6G. This paper therefore chronicles the emerging technologies in wireless cellular systems, their evolutionary trends, likely features and prospects of the next generation, the 6G.
{"title":"6G wireless system: The emerging trend in cellular technology","authors":"Adegoke Adesoye Sikiru, A. Olukayode, Otegbeye Adeyinka Lateef, Soneye Olufemi Sobowale","doi":"10.2478/jee-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cellular technology has brought about a significant revolution in the way we communicate and share information. In the last four (4) decades, researchers in the field of wireless cellular technology have been consistently upscaling their designs in tech space which has led to the evolutions of 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G in close successions. The most recent is 5G which is currently being implemented in various continents across the globe. 5G encompasses a technological framework that can support machine-to-machine (m2m) communication, virtual and augmented reality and smart manufacturing. However, its drawbacks are now coming into bare as its being deployed globally which suggests that 5G may not stand test of time beyond this decade. This has necessitated early research work into the evolution of next generation technology, the 6G. This paper therefore chronicles the emerging technologies in wireless cellular systems, their evolutionary trends, likely features and prospects of the next generation, the 6G.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"74 1","pages":"240 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47430989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper focuses on optimizing the propulsion system, specifically the control aspect. It presents the design of a sensorless inverter with field-oriented control for BLDC motors, primarily intended for copters. The theoretical part covers motor modeling and the design of the control structure, employing field-oriented control and a sensorless approach using back-electromotive force observer to estimate the rotor position. The physical implementation of the control system is based on an electronic inverter with two logical components. The control component utilizes a microprocessor for FOC control and incorporates memory, sensor systems, and peripherals. The power component ensures controlled energy transfer through complementary signals and feedback measurement. Communication between components and with the higher-level system, regarding control and configuration, is also addressed. Finally, the inverter underwent testing on a measurement platform and during copter flights. The measurements focused on motor speed estimation and control performance under load and no-load conditions. The assessment concludes with trust scaling and temperature measurements of the inverter.
{"title":"Sensorless field-oriented control inverter of BLDC motor for copter","authors":"David Rau, Tomáš Vršanský","doi":"10.2478/jee-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper focuses on optimizing the propulsion system, specifically the control aspect. It presents the design of a sensorless inverter with field-oriented control for BLDC motors, primarily intended for copters. The theoretical part covers motor modeling and the design of the control structure, employing field-oriented control and a sensorless approach using back-electromotive force observer to estimate the rotor position. The physical implementation of the control system is based on an electronic inverter with two logical components. The control component utilizes a microprocessor for FOC control and incorporates memory, sensor systems, and peripherals. The power component ensures controlled energy transfer through complementary signals and feedback measurement. Communication between components and with the higher-level system, regarding control and configuration, is also addressed. Finally, the inverter underwent testing on a measurement platform and during copter flights. The measurements focused on motor speed estimation and control performance under load and no-load conditions. The assessment concludes with trust scaling and temperature measurements of the inverter.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"74 1","pages":"210 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44559715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this article, the periodic pulse diffraction from the circular dielectric object radiated by the horn antenna is investigated and experimental verification is provided. The pulse spectrum with Hamming weight function (Hamming window) form occupies the frequency band of 38 – 52 GHz. The problem is solved using the Method of Auxiliary Sources, and the results of the computer simulation are obtained. The fundamental advantage of the method is to eliminate the singularity problem during the solution of the integral equation obtained by boundary conditions on each scatterer. The comparison is done with the experimental data, which shows good agreement between the simulation outcomes and the experimental ones. The correctness of the determination of the electric size of the object by the analysis of the scattered pulse echo serves as the verification of the approach. The outcomes reveal that less than a 3% deviation is observed between numerical and experimental analysis.
{"title":"Pulse diffraction by a circular dielectric cylinder","authors":"V. Tabatadze, O. Drobakhin, K. Karaçuha","doi":"10.2478/jee-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, the periodic pulse diffraction from the circular dielectric object radiated by the horn antenna is investigated and experimental verification is provided. The pulse spectrum with Hamming weight function (Hamming window) form occupies the frequency band of 38 – 52 GHz. The problem is solved using the Method of Auxiliary Sources, and the results of the computer simulation are obtained. The fundamental advantage of the method is to eliminate the singularity problem during the solution of the integral equation obtained by boundary conditions on each scatterer. The comparison is done with the experimental data, which shows good agreement between the simulation outcomes and the experimental ones. The correctness of the determination of the electric size of the object by the analysis of the scattered pulse echo serves as the verification of the approach. The outcomes reveal that less than a 3% deviation is observed between numerical and experimental analysis.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"74 1","pages":"188 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46856642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The use of neural networks in a range of academic and scientific pursuits has introduced a great interest in modeling human behavior and activity patterns to recognize particular events. Various methods have so far been proposed for building expert vision systems to understand the scene and draw true semantic inferences from the observed dynamics. However, classifying abnormal or unusual activities in real-time video sequences is still challenging, as the details in video sequences have a time continuity constraint. A cost-effective approach is still demanding and so this work presents an advanced three-dimensional convolutional network (A3DConvNet) for detecting abnormal behavior of persons by analyzing their actions. The network proposed is 15 layers deep that uses 18 convolutional operations to effectively analyze the video contents and produces spatiotemporal features. The integrated dense layer uses these features for the efficient learning process and the softmax layer is used as the output layer for labeling the sequences. Additionally, we have created a dataset that carries video clips to represent abnormal behaviors of humans in megastores/shops, which is a consequent contribution of this paper. The dataset includes five complicated activities in the shops/megastores: normal, shoplifting, drinking, eating, and damaging. By analyzing human actions, the proposed algorithm produces an alert if anything like abnormalities is found. The extensive experiments performed on the synthesized dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, with achieved accuracy of up to 90.90%.
{"title":"Detecting abnormal behavior in megastore for intelligent surveillance through 3D deep convolutional model","authors":"Mohd. Aquib Ansari, D. Singh, V. Singh","doi":"10.2478/jee-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of neural networks in a range of academic and scientific pursuits has introduced a great interest in modeling human behavior and activity patterns to recognize particular events. Various methods have so far been proposed for building expert vision systems to understand the scene and draw true semantic inferences from the observed dynamics. However, classifying abnormal or unusual activities in real-time video sequences is still challenging, as the details in video sequences have a time continuity constraint. A cost-effective approach is still demanding and so this work presents an advanced three-dimensional convolutional network (A3DConvNet) for detecting abnormal behavior of persons by analyzing their actions. The network proposed is 15 layers deep that uses 18 convolutional operations to effectively analyze the video contents and produces spatiotemporal features. The integrated dense layer uses these features for the efficient learning process and the softmax layer is used as the output layer for labeling the sequences. Additionally, we have created a dataset that carries video clips to represent abnormal behaviors of humans in megastores/shops, which is a consequent contribution of this paper. The dataset includes five complicated activities in the shops/megastores: normal, shoplifting, drinking, eating, and damaging. By analyzing human actions, the proposed algorithm produces an alert if anything like abnormalities is found. The extensive experiments performed on the synthesized dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, with achieved accuracy of up to 90.90%.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"74 1","pages":"140 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49230052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper it is presented that security can be added to three RLL LDPC codes specified by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems codes without additional redundancy and if some round conditions are valid, this can be done without the necessity to change the encoding and decoding procedures. The concept for obtaining lightweight security could be of interest for space communication, for communication in IoT or other networks in which the nodes are resource constrained.
{"title":"On adding security to RLL - LDPC CCSDS codes without additional redundancy","authors":"P. Farkaš","doi":"10.2478/jee-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper it is presented that security can be added to three RLL LDPC codes specified by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems codes without additional redundancy and if some round conditions are valid, this can be done without the necessity to change the encoding and decoding procedures. The concept for obtaining lightweight security could be of interest for space communication, for communication in IoT or other networks in which the nodes are resource constrained.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"74 1","pages":"184 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41935122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hassan A. Hassan, M. A. Mohamed, M. Essai, Hamada Esmaiel, Ahmed S. A. Mubarak, O. Omer
Abstract Deep learning (DL) algorithms can enhance wireless communication system efficiency and address numerous physical layer challenges. Channel state estimation (CSE) and signal detection (SD) are essential parts of improving the performance of an OFDM wireless system. In this context, we introduce a DL model as an effective alternative for implicit CSE and SD over Rayleigh fading channels in the OFDM wireless system. The DL model is based on the gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network. The proposed DL GRU model is trained offline using the received OFDM signals related to the transmitted data symbols and added pilot symbols as inputs. Then, it is implemented online to accurately and directly detect the transmitted data. The experimental results using the metric parameter of symbol error rate show that, the proposed DL GRU-based CSE/SD provides superior performance compared with the traditional least square and minimum mean square error estimation methods. Also, the trained DL GRU model exceeds the existing DL channel estimators. Moreover, it provides the highest CSE/SD quality with fewer pilots, short/null cyclic prefixes, and without prior knowledge of the channel statistics. As a result, the proposed DL GRU model is a promising solution for CSE/SD in OFDM wireless communication systems.
{"title":"Effective deep learning-based channel state estimation and signal detection for OFDM wireless systems","authors":"Hassan A. Hassan, M. A. Mohamed, M. Essai, Hamada Esmaiel, Ahmed S. A. Mubarak, O. Omer","doi":"10.2478/jee-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Deep learning (DL) algorithms can enhance wireless communication system efficiency and address numerous physical layer challenges. Channel state estimation (CSE) and signal detection (SD) are essential parts of improving the performance of an OFDM wireless system. In this context, we introduce a DL model as an effective alternative for implicit CSE and SD over Rayleigh fading channels in the OFDM wireless system. The DL model is based on the gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network. The proposed DL GRU model is trained offline using the received OFDM signals related to the transmitted data symbols and added pilot symbols as inputs. Then, it is implemented online to accurately and directly detect the transmitted data. The experimental results using the metric parameter of symbol error rate show that, the proposed DL GRU-based CSE/SD provides superior performance compared with the traditional least square and minimum mean square error estimation methods. Also, the trained DL GRU model exceeds the existing DL channel estimators. Moreover, it provides the highest CSE/SD quality with fewer pilots, short/null cyclic prefixes, and without prior knowledge of the channel statistics. As a result, the proposed DL GRU model is a promising solution for CSE/SD in OFDM wireless communication systems.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"74 1","pages":"167 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44687046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dheeraj Kalra, Vishal Goyal, Manish Kumar, M. Srivastava
Abstract The current research paper presents a design of a mutually coupled cascode Common Gate Common Source (CG-CS) Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) using current reuse technique. The proposed design provides a significant improvement in the gain and noise performance of the LNA, while also reducing power consumption. Mutually coupled inductors help in reducing the size of the circuit while transformer connected at the output provide output impedance matching. Proposed LNA simulated for the 4–14 GHz RF frequency. Mathematical analysis of proposed LNA has been analyzed using the small signal model henceforth input impedance; gain and Noise Figure (NF) have been derived from it. The design and simulation results show that the proposed LNA design with current reuse technique achieved a maximum gain of 17.87 dB, minimum NF of 5.45 dB, and input reflection coefficient less than –10 dB for the 10 GHz bandwidth. These results indicate a significant improvement in the overall performance of the LNA compared to conventional designs as Figure of Merit (FoM) is 17.34.
{"title":"Mutually coupled CG-CS current reuse low noise amplifier architecture for 4 – 14 GHz frequency","authors":"Dheeraj Kalra, Vishal Goyal, Manish Kumar, M. Srivastava","doi":"10.2478/jee-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current research paper presents a design of a mutually coupled cascode Common Gate Common Source (CG-CS) Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) using current reuse technique. The proposed design provides a significant improvement in the gain and noise performance of the LNA, while also reducing power consumption. Mutually coupled inductors help in reducing the size of the circuit while transformer connected at the output provide output impedance matching. Proposed LNA simulated for the 4–14 GHz RF frequency. Mathematical analysis of proposed LNA has been analyzed using the small signal model henceforth input impedance; gain and Noise Figure (NF) have been derived from it. The design and simulation results show that the proposed LNA design with current reuse technique achieved a maximum gain of 17.87 dB, minimum NF of 5.45 dB, and input reflection coefficient less than –10 dB for the 10 GHz bandwidth. These results indicate a significant improvement in the overall performance of the LNA compared to conventional designs as Figure of Merit (FoM) is 17.34.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"74 1","pages":"177 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43592600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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