Journal of environmental radioactivity最新文献_第5页

Radionuclides 137Cs, 238, 239+240Pu, 40K and 210Po in water areas on the river-sea border and assessment of their action levels to hydrobionts 江海交界水域放射性核素137Cs、238、239+240Pu、40K和210Po及其对水生生物的作用水平评价

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107847

N.N. Tereshchenko , A.A. Korotkov , I.G. Sidorov , A.A. Paraskiv , V. Yu Proskurnin , Nguyen Trong Hiep

The activity concentration of artificial ¹³⁷Cs and ^239+240Pu and natural ²¹⁰Po and ⁴⁰K were studied in the river-sea border waters of the Mekong Delta, the Long Tau River estuary, and the Ca Gau River in the Can Gio Biosphere Reserve in southern Vietnam. It has been shown that in tropical zones, seawater can be one of the sources of technogenic radionuclides in estuaries, as evidenced by the results obtained for ¹³⁷Cs. The contribution of ¹³⁷Cs and ^239+240Pu to the radiation dose rate for hydrobionts was insignificant (about 0.2–4.0 %). The dose rates were determined mainly by natural radionuclides, with a predominant contribution from ²¹⁰Po (97 % for shrimp and 56 % for fish). The dose rates for hydrobionts did not exceed the ICRP derived consideration reference levels. The levels of biological impact of ionizing radiation on hydrobionts from each of the radionuclides studied and their sum were determined using a modified version of Polikarpov's conceptual model. The total biological impact of ionizing radiation from the four radionuclides studied did not exceed the physiological masking zone. Low levels of technogenic radionuclides allow the studied water areas to be recommended as background areas for radioecological monitoring of water bodies. In connection with the resumption of the development of nuclear power engineering in Vietnam, the results obtained may be useful as a baseline for radioactive contamination for further comparative study of possible changes in the radioecological state of water areas in the lower reaches of rivers.

在越南南部禅焦生物圈保护区的湄公河三角洲、龙头河口和Ca Gau河河海交界水域，研究了人工137Cs和239+240Pu以及天然210Po和40K的活性浓度。研究表明，在热带地区，海水可能是河口中技术核素的来源之一，137Cs的结果证明了这一点。137Cs和239+240Pu对水生物辐射剂量率的贡献不显著（约为0.2 ~ 4.0%）。剂量率主要由天然放射性核素决定，主要来自210Po（虾97%，鱼56%）。水生生物的剂量率没有超过ICRP推导的参考水平。电离辐射对所研究的每一种放射性核素的水生生物的生物影响水平及其总和是使用波利卡尔波夫概念模型的修正版本确定的。所研究的四种放射性核素电离辐射的总生物影响没有超过生理掩蔽区。由于技术核素含量低，因此可以建议所研究的水域作为水体放射生态学监测的本底区。在越南恢复发展核动力工程方面，所得结果可作为放射性污染的基线，以便进一步比较研究河流下游水域的放射性生态状况可能发生的变化。

{"title":"Radionuclides 137Cs, 238, 239+240Pu, 40K and 210Po in water areas on the river-sea border and assessment of their action levels to hydrobionts","authors":"N.N. Tereshchenko , A.A. Korotkov , I.G. Sidorov , A.A. Paraskiv , V. Yu Proskurnin , Nguyen Trong Hiep","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activity concentration of artificial <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>239+240</sup>Pu and natural <sup>210</sup>Po and <sup>40</sup>K were studied in the river-sea border waters of the Mekong Delta, the Long Tau River estuary, and the Ca Gau River in the Can Gio Biosphere Reserve in southern Vietnam. It has been shown that in tropical zones, seawater can be one of the sources of technogenic radionuclides in estuaries, as evidenced by the results obtained for <sup>137</sup>Cs. The contribution of <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>239+240</sup>Pu to the radiation dose rate for hydrobionts was insignificant (about 0.2–4.0 %). The dose rates were determined mainly by natural radionuclides, with a predominant contribution from <sup>210</sup>Po (97 % for shrimp and 56 % for fish). The dose rates for hydrobionts did not exceed the ICRP derived consideration reference levels. The levels of biological impact of ionizing radiation on hydrobionts from each of the radionuclides studied and their sum were determined using a modified version of Polikarpov's conceptual model. The total biological impact of ionizing radiation from the four radionuclides studied did not exceed the physiological masking zone. Low levels of technogenic radionuclides allow the studied water areas to be recommended as background areas for radioecological monitoring of water bodies. In connection with the resumption of the development of nuclear power engineering in Vietnam, the results obtained may be useful as a baseline for radioactive contamination for further comparative study of possible changes in the radioecological state of water areas in the lower reaches of rivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-driven real-time control of radiological contamination and personnel dose in nuclear transient scenarios 核瞬态情景下人工智能驱动的辐射污染和人员剂量实时控制。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107838

Behzad Khosrowpour, Vahid Jamshidi

This study presents an artificial intelligence (AI) system designed to optimize emergency responses during localized nuclear incidents involving containment breaches and gas filtration failures. The system integrates a feed-forward neural network (ANN) with optimization algorithms, including fmincon and ParticleSwarm Optimization (PSO), to manage critical parameters such as ventilation speed, activation timing, and personnel evacuation. A synthetic dataset of 3600 samples, simulating the dispersion of gamma and beta radiation, was generated using MATLAB. The ANN achieved a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9876 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.3421. The AI system reduced radioactive concentration by 15 % and cumulative effective dose by approximately 30 % (1.8 mSv vs. 2.5 mSv) compared to a baseline scenario (fixed ventilation at 2 m/s, evacuation at 30 min), representing the minimum operational ventilation speed per Table 3, chosen to represent a conservative, non-optimized response typical of manual procedures (IAEA, 2018). Personnel exposure was maintained at 1.8 mSv over 30 min, well below the IAEA occupational limit of 20 mSv/year (annual context only), with decision cycles completed in under 3 s. This framework demonstrates the feasibility of AI-driven real-time nuclear emergency management, offering improved decision-making over traditional methods while ensuring compliance with IAEA GSR Part 3 and Part 7 standards.

本研究提出了一种人工智能（AI）系统，旨在优化涉及安全壳泄漏和气体过滤故障的局部核事件期间的应急响应。该系统集成了前馈神经网络（ANN）和优化算法，包括fmincon和ParticleSwarm optimization (PSO)，以管理通风速度、激活时间和人员疏散等关键参数。利用MATLAB生成了3600个样本的合成数据集，模拟了γ和β辐射的色散。人工神经网络的决定系数（R2）为0.9876，均方根误差（RMSE）为0.3421。与基线情景（固定通风速度为2米/秒，疏散时间为30分钟）相比，人工智能系统将放射性浓度降低了15%，累计有效剂量降低了约30%（1.8毫西弗vs. 2.5毫西弗），代表了表3中最小的操作通风速度，被选为代表手动程序的保守、非优化响应（IAEA, 2018）。人员暴露在30分钟内保持在1.8毫西弗，远低于原子能机构每年20毫西弗的职业限值（仅限年度情况），决策周期在30秒内完成。该框架证明了人工智能驱动的实时核应急管理的可行性，在确保符合原子能机构GSR第3部分和第7部分标准的同时，改进了传统方法的决策。

{"title":"AI-driven real-time control of radiological contamination and personnel dose in nuclear transient scenarios","authors":"Behzad Khosrowpour, Vahid Jamshidi","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an artificial intelligence (AI) system designed to optimize emergency responses during localized nuclear incidents involving containment breaches and gas filtration failures. The system integrates a feed-forward neural network (ANN) with optimization algorithms, including fmincon and ParticleSwarm Optimization (PSO), to manage critical parameters such as ventilation speed, activation timing, and personnel evacuation. A synthetic dataset of 3600 samples, simulating the dispersion of gamma and beta radiation, was generated using MATLAB. The ANN achieved a coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.9876 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.3421. The AI system reduced radioactive concentration by 15 % and cumulative effective dose by approximately 30 % (1.8 mSv vs. 2.5 mSv) compared to a baseline scenario (fixed ventilation at 2 m/s, evacuation at 30 min), representing the minimum operational ventilation speed per Table 3, chosen to represent a conservative, non-optimized response typical of manual procedures (IAEA, 2018). Personnel exposure was maintained at 1.8 mSv over 30 min, well below the IAEA occupational limit of 20 mSv/year (annual context only), with decision cycles completed in under 3 s. This framework demonstrates the feasibility of AI-driven real-time nuclear emergency management, offering improved decision-making over traditional methods while ensuring compliance with IAEA GSR Part 3 and Part 7 standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145390071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil-to-plant transfer and radiological risk assessment of naturally occurring radionuclides in vegetables from Ilorin, Nigeria 尼日利亚伊洛林蔬菜中天然放射性核素的土壤到植物转移和辐射风险评估

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107843

Muyiwa Michael Orosun , Suleiman Bello , Ismail Olawale Akande , Terkaa Victor Targema , Rasheed Mariam Shiru , Kenji Nanba , Vasyl Yoschenko

In this study, the activity concentration (AC) levels of 40K, 228Ra and 226Ra in irrigation water, soils, and the most widely consumed vegetables: spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) in Nigeria, were assessed using a 3 x 3-inch lead-shielded NaI(TI) detector. The soil-to-crop Concentration Ratios of the radionuclides and the corresponding radiation doses were calculated. The average AC of ⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra, and ²²⁸Ra in the irrigation water were found to be 24 ± 5, 5 ± 2, and 4 ± 2 Bq l⁻¹, respectively. The mean ACs of ⁴⁰K, ²²⁸Ra, and ²²⁶Ra in the soil were 499 ± 182, 74 ± 29, and 78 ± 26 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively, exceeding the global average values for background radiation. In cabbage, the average ACs were recorded as 247 ± 93 Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K, 7 ± 1 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁸Ra, and 6 ± 3 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁶Ra. In contrast, spinach exhibited higher average ACs, with values of 510 ± 161 Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K, 9 ± 3 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁸Ra, and 8 ± 3 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁶Ra. Spinach exhibited higher CRs than cabbage, with ⁴⁰K reaching a CR of 1.03. The calculated annual effective doses (AED) were 0.04 mSv y⁻¹ for cabbage and 0.08 mSv y⁻¹ for spinach, both below the ICRP recommended dose limit of 1.0 mSv y⁻¹. However, the associated excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCRs) were estimated at 1.3 × 10⁻⁴ for cabbage and 2.8 × 10⁻⁴ for spinach, values that are close to or slightly above the USEPA's upper acceptable threshold (10⁻⁴). These findings suggest that while the immediate radiological health impact is low, long-term spinach consumption could modestly increase cancer risk. The study underscores the need for regular monitoring, dietary risk communication, and mitigation measures to ensure food safety in Ilorin and similar agroecosystems.

在本研究中，使用3 × 3英寸铅屏蔽NaI（TI）检测器评估了尼日利亚灌溉水、土壤和最广泛食用的蔬菜：菠菜（Amaranthus hybridus）和卷心菜（Brassica oleracea）中40K、228Ra和226Ra的活性浓度（AC）水平。计算了放射性核素的土壤-作物浓度比和相应的辐射剂量。灌溉水中40K、226Ra和228Ra的平均AC分别为24±5、5±2和4±2 Bq 1−1。土壤中40K、228Ra和226Ra的平均ac分别为499±182、74±29和78±26 Bq kg−1，均超过全球背景辐射平均值。在白菜中，40K处理的平均ac为247±93 Bq kg - 1, 228Ra处理为7±1 Bq kg - 1, 226Ra处理为6±3 Bq kg - 1。相比之下，菠菜表现出更高的平均ac值，40K为510±161 Bq kg - 1, 228Ra为9±3 Bq kg - 1, 226Ra为8±3 Bq kg - 1。菠菜的CR值高于大白菜，40K的CR值为1.03。白菜和菠菜的年有效剂量分别为0.04 mSv y - 1和0.08 mSv y - 1，均低于ICRP推荐的1.0 mSv y - 1的剂量限值。然而，白菜和菠菜的相关终身癌症风险（elcr）估计分别为1.3 × 10−4和2.8 × 10−4，接近或略高于USEPA的可接受上限（10−4）。这些发现表明，虽然菠菜对健康的直接影响很低，但长期食用菠菜可能会适度增加患癌症的风险。该研究强调了定期监测、饮食风险沟通和缓解措施的必要性，以确保伊洛林和类似农业生态系统的食品安全。

{"title":"Soil-to-plant transfer and radiological risk assessment of naturally occurring radionuclides in vegetables from Ilorin, Nigeria","authors":"Muyiwa Michael Orosun , Suleiman Bello , Ismail Olawale Akande , Terkaa Victor Targema , Rasheed Mariam Shiru , Kenji Nanba , Vasyl Yoschenko","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the activity concentration (AC) levels of 40K, 228Ra and 226Ra in irrigation water, soils, and the most widely consumed vegetables: spinach (<em>Amaranthus hybridus</em>) and cabbage (<em>Brassica oleracea</em>) in Nigeria, were assessed using a 3 x 3-inch lead-shielded NaI(TI) detector. The soil-to-crop Concentration Ratios of the radionuclides and the corresponding radiation doses were calculated. The average AC of <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, and <sup>228</sup>Ra in the irrigation water were found to be 24 ± 5, 5 ± 2, and 4 ± 2 Bq l<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The mean ACs of <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>228</sup>Ra, and <sup>226</sup>Ra in the soil were 499 ± 182, 74 ± 29, and 78 ± 26 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, exceeding the global average values for background radiation. In cabbage, the average ACs were recorded as 247 ± 93 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>40</sup>K, 7 ± 1 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>228</sup>Ra, and 6 ± 3 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>226</sup>Ra. In contrast, spinach exhibited higher average ACs, with values of 510 ± 161 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>40</sup>K, 9 ± 3 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>228</sup>Ra, and 8 ± 3 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>226</sup>Ra. Spinach exhibited higher CRs than cabbage, with <sup>40</sup>K reaching a CR of 1.03. The calculated annual effective doses (AED) were 0.04 mSv y<sup>−1</sup> for cabbage and 0.08 mSv y<sup>−1</sup> for spinach, both below the ICRP recommended dose limit of 1.0 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>. However, the associated excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCRs) were estimated at 1.3 × 10<sup>−4</sup> for cabbage and 2.8 × 10<sup>−4</sup> for spinach, values that are close to or slightly above the USEPA's upper acceptable threshold (10<sup>−4</sup>). These findings suggest that while the immediate radiological health impact is low, long-term spinach consumption could modestly increase cancer risk. The study underscores the need for regular monitoring, dietary risk communication, and mitigation measures to ensure food safety in Ilorin and similar agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Participatory science to action: Radon literacy assessment and testing in an African American community 从参与科学到行动：非洲裔美国人社区的氡素养评估和测试。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107842

Dajun Dai , Na’Taki Osborne Jelks , Gwendylon P. Smith

Low radon testing rates in communities of color are health concerns with possible elevated lung cancer risks. Our objective was to use a participatory science approach to assess environmental health literacy specific to radon, i.e., radon literacy, and testing practices in a primarily African American community in Atlanta, Georgia. A leadership team of two academic researchers and a community organization leader engaged an intergenerational group of residents that included one adult team lead, three community elders, and three youth as community scientists, who contributed to research design, survey administration, radon testing, and results dissemination. From March to October 2022, 167 homeowners (87 % African American) participated in radon testing and at-home surveys. A total of 154 valid tests were obtained with a mean radon level of 126 Bq/m³ and a standard deviation of 100 Bq/m³. Radon levels exceeded the remediation threshold of 148 Bq/m³ in 43 homes (27.9 %). Primary recruitment methods were door-to-door canvassing (45 %) and personal referrals (29 %). While 76.9 % of participants were aware of what radon is, only 11.3 % had previously tested their homes. Over 40 % lacked knowledge about radon, and 88.1 % were unaware of remediation thresholds. Radon literacy was positively associated with higher educational attainment and connections with families and friends who had previously tested their homes for radon. It also tended to be higher among unmarried participants and in households without children or seniors. This study highlights the need for greater awareness and testing in African American communities. This project suggests that collaborative, community-led strategies could help raise testing rates and ultimately improve public health.

有色人种社区的低氡检测率是可能增加肺癌风险的健康问题。我们的目标是使用参与性科学方法来评估氡特定的环境健康素养，即氡素养，以及佐治亚州亚特兰大一个主要是非裔美国人社区的测试实践。一个由两名学术研究人员和一名社区组织领导组成的领导小组与一个代际居民小组合作，其中包括一名成年小组组长、三名社区长老和三名青年社区科学家，他们参与了研究设计、调查管理、氡测试和结果传播。从2022年3月到10月，167名房主（87%是非裔美国人）参加了氡测试和家庭调查。共进行了154次有效试验，平均氡水平为126 Bq/m3，标准偏差为100 Bq/m3。43个家庭（27.9%）的氡水平超过148 Bq/m3的修复阈值。主要的招募方法是上门拉票（45%）和个人介绍（29%）。虽然76.9%的参与者知道什么是氡，但只有11.3%的人以前对他们的家进行过测试。超过40%的人缺乏有关氡的知识，88.1%的人不知道修复阈值。氡素养与较高的受教育程度以及与以前在家中进行过氡检测的家人和朋友的联系呈正相关。在未婚参与者和没有孩子或老人的家庭中，这一比例也往往更高。这项研究强调了在非裔美国人社区提高认识和测试的必要性。该项目表明，社区主导的协作战略可以帮助提高检测率，并最终改善公众健康。

{"title":"Participatory science to action: Radon literacy assessment and testing in an African American community","authors":"Dajun Dai , Na’Taki Osborne Jelks , Gwendylon P. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low radon testing rates in communities of color are health concerns with possible elevated lung cancer risks. Our objective was to use a participatory science approach to assess environmental health literacy specific to radon, i.e., radon literacy, and testing practices in a primarily African American community in Atlanta, Georgia. A leadership team of two academic researchers and a community organization leader engaged an intergenerational group of residents that included one adult team lead, three community elders, and three youth as community scientists, who contributed to research design, survey administration, radon testing, and results dissemination. From March to October 2022, 167 homeowners (87 % African American) participated in radon testing and at-home surveys. A total of 154 valid tests were obtained with a mean radon level of 126 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and a standard deviation of 100 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. Radon levels exceeded the remediation threshold of 148 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> in 43 homes (27.9 %). Primary recruitment methods were door-to-door canvassing (45 %) and personal referrals (29 %). While 76.9 % of participants were aware of what radon is, only 11.3 % had previously tested their homes. Over 40 % lacked knowledge about radon, and 88.1 % were unaware of remediation thresholds. Radon literacy was positively associated with higher educational attainment and connections with families and friends who had previously tested their homes for radon. It also tended to be higher among unmarried participants and in households without children or seniors. This study highlights the need for greater awareness and testing in African American communities. This project suggests that collaborative, community-led strategies could help raise testing rates and ultimately improve public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145355006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimized simulation research of a plastic scintillation fiber array tritium detector in water 塑料闪烁光纤阵列水中氚探测器的优化仿真研究。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107833

Wenyu Cheng , Jie Liang , Lianji Wang , Yingchao Liang , Songjie Shi , Liangzhou Zou , Jun Yang , Zhirong Guo

Real-time monitoring of tritium in water is critical for nuclear safety, yet current liquid scintillation techniques are limited by poor portability and delayed results. Existing online detectors exhibit limited sensitivity (>10³ Bq L⁻¹), insufficient for regulatory limits (100 Bq L⁻¹). In this study, we present the design and simulation-based optimization of an online plastic scintillation fiber (PSF) array detector for tritium detection, using Geant4-based Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Key parameters (PSF spacing: 0.1–1 mm, length: 50–500 mm, radius: 0.2–0.5 mm) were investigated to maximize detection efficiency. Environmental background from gamma and cosmic muons was suppressed by a combined 2 cm lead (Pb) shielding and low-energy signal filtering, achieving 94 % background reduction. A hexagonal close-packed PSF array with 0.3 mm spacing and 250 mm length achieved balanced photon deposition. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) were evaluated as a replacement for traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), offering a higher photon detection efficiency (0.5 vs. 0.2) and reducing optical crosstalk by 27 % (3.3 % vs. 4.5 %). A modular 3 × 3 detector array (500 mm PSF length) achieved a minimum detectable activity (MDA) of 10 Bq L⁻¹ within 600 s of acquisition time, meeting Chinese (GB 6249-2011) and European (2013/51/Euratom) standards. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a compact, field-deployable PSF-based detector for real-time tritium monitoring., high-sensitivity tritium monitoring capability, resolving the critical gap between laboratory methods and regulatory requirements.

实时监测水中氚对核安全至关重要，但目前的液体闪烁技术受到便携性差和结果延迟的限制。现有的在线检测器具有有限的灵敏度（bbb103bq -1），不足以满足法规限制（100bq -1）。在这项研究中，我们利用基于geant4的蒙特卡罗（MC）模拟，设计和优化了用于氚检测的在线塑料闪烁光纤（PSF）阵列探测器。关键参数（PSF间距：0.1-1 mm，长度：50-500 mm，半径：0.2-0.5 mm）进行研究，以最大限度地提高检测效率。来自伽马和宇宙μ子的环境背景被2厘米铅（Pb）屏蔽和低能信号滤波抑制，达到94%的背景降低。采用间距为0.3 mm、长度为250 mm的六边形紧密排列的PSF阵列实现了光子的平衡沉积。硅光电倍增管（SiPMs）被评估为传统光电倍增管（pmt）的替代品，提供更高的光子探测效率（0.5 vs. 0.2），并将光串扰减少27% （3.3% vs. 4.5%）。模块化3 × 3探测器阵列（500 mm PSF长度）在600秒的采集时间内实现了10 Bq L-1的最小可检测活性（MDA），满足中国（GB 6249-2011）和欧洲（2013/51/Euratom）标准。该研究证明了一种紧凑的、可现场部署的基于psf的实时氚监测探测器的可行性。，高灵敏度的氚监测能力，解决了实验室方法与监管要求之间的关键差距。

{"title":"Optimized simulation research of a plastic scintillation fiber array tritium detector in water","authors":"Wenyu Cheng , Jie Liang , Lianji Wang , Yingchao Liang , Songjie Shi , Liangzhou Zou , Jun Yang , Zhirong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time monitoring of tritium in water is critical for nuclear safety, yet current liquid scintillation techniques are limited by poor portability and delayed results. Existing online detectors exhibit limited sensitivity (>10<sup>3</sup> Bq L<sup>−1</sup>), insufficient for regulatory limits (100 Bq L<sup>−1</sup>). In this study, we present the design and simulation-based optimization of an online plastic scintillation fiber (PSF) array detector for tritium detection, using Geant4-based Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Key parameters (PSF spacing: 0.1–1 mm, length: 50–500 mm, radius: 0.2–0.5 mm) were investigated to maximize detection efficiency. Environmental background from gamma and cosmic muons was suppressed by a combined 2 cm lead (Pb) shielding and low-energy signal filtering, achieving 94 % background reduction. A hexagonal close-packed PSF array with 0.3 mm spacing and 250 mm length achieved balanced photon deposition. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) were evaluated as a replacement for traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), offering a higher photon detection efficiency (0.5 vs. 0.2) and reducing optical crosstalk by 27 % (3.3 % vs. 4.5 %). A modular 3 × 3 detector array (500 mm PSF length) achieved a minimum detectable activity (MDA) of 10 Bq L<sup>−1</sup> within 600 s of acquisition time, meeting Chinese (GB 6249-2011) and European (2013/51/Euratom) standards. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a compact, field-deployable PSF-based detector for real-time tritium monitoring., high-sensitivity tritium monitoring capability, resolving the critical gap between laboratory methods and regulatory requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radon release behavior of uranium ore submerged in water under different temperatures 不同温度下浸没在水中的铀矿石氡释放行为

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107841

Xianfa Mao, Zhongkai Fan, Ruomei Xie, Xinyue Yang, Shicheng Luo, Hongbo Xu, Feng Xiao, Chenxi Zu, Hongzhi Yuan, Yanliang Tan

Radon (Rn-222) released by the decay of Ra-226 in uranium ores may cause potential radiation risks in the water environment. However, the migration behaviour characterised by the low diffusion coefficient of radon in water and the slow change in concentration is still lacking systematic research. This study investigates the radon release behavior of uranium ore in water under different temperature conditions (20–32 °C). A closed-loop measurement system combined with a bubbling method was established, utilizing a RAD7 radon detector. A nonlinear model was developed to describe the time-dependent measured radon concentration, and the radon release rate was obtained through nonlinear fitting. Experiments were conducted under five temperature conditions ranging from 20 °C to 32 °C. The Results showed that the proposed model achieved high fitting accuracy (R² > 0.95) across all conditions. The radon release rate increased significantly with temperature, rising from 0.210 ± 0.006 mBq s⁻¹ to 0.391 ± 0.019 mBq s⁻¹ within the range of 20 °C–32 °C, an increase of 86 %. Further analysis shows that the radon release rate of uranium ore in water has a good linear relationship with temperature, indicating that temperature is an important factor affecting the radon release behavior. The methods and models proposed in this paper can effectively depict the radon release behavior of uranium ores in water environments and are suitable for related experimental designs to assess environmental radiation risks.

铀矿石中Ra-226衰变释放的氡（Rn-222）可能对水环境造成潜在的辐射风险。然而，氡在水中的扩散系数低、浓度变化缓慢的迁移行为尚缺乏系统的研究。研究了不同温度条件下（20 ~ 32℃）铀矿石在水中的氡释放行为。利用RAD7型氡探测器，建立了鼓泡法相结合的闭环测量系统。建立了氡浓度随时间变化的非线性模型，并通过非线性拟合得到了氡释放率。实验在20℃~ 32℃五种温度条件下进行。结果表明，该模型在所有条件下均具有较高的拟合精度（R2 > 0.95）。氡释放率随温度的升高而显著增加，在20℃~ 32℃范围内，氡释放率从0.210±0.006 mBq s-1上升到0.391±0.019 mBq s-1，增加了86%。进一步分析表明，水中铀矿石的氡释放速率与温度呈良好的线性关系，说明温度是影响水中铀矿石氡释放行为的重要因素。本文提出的方法和模型可以有效地描述水环境中铀矿石的氡释放行为，适用于环境辐射风险评价的相关实验设计。

{"title":"Radon release behavior of uranium ore submerged in water under different temperatures","authors":"Xianfa Mao, Zhongkai Fan, Ruomei Xie, Xinyue Yang, Shicheng Luo, Hongbo Xu, Feng Xiao, Chenxi Zu, Hongzhi Yuan, Yanliang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon (Rn-222) released by the decay of Ra-226 in uranium ores may cause potential radiation risks in the water environment. However, the migration behaviour characterised by the low diffusion coefficient of radon in water and the slow change in concentration is still lacking systematic research. This study investigates the radon release behavior of uranium ore in water under different temperature conditions (20–32 °C). A closed-loop measurement system combined with a bubbling method was established, utilizing a RAD7 radon detector. A nonlinear model was developed to describe the time-dependent measured radon concentration, and the radon release rate was obtained through nonlinear fitting. Experiments were conducted under five temperature conditions ranging from 20 °C to 32 °C. The Results showed that the proposed model achieved high fitting accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.95) across all conditions. The radon release rate increased significantly with temperature, rising from 0.210 ± 0.006 mBq s<sup>−1</sup> to 0.391 ± 0.019 mBq s<sup>−1</sup> within the range of 20 °C–32 °C, an increase of 86 %. Further analysis shows that the radon release rate of uranium ore in water has a good linear relationship with temperature, indicating that temperature is an important factor affecting the radon release behavior. The methods and models proposed in this paper can effectively depict the radon release behavior of uranium ores in water environments and are suitable for related experimental designs to assess environmental radiation risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of 90Sr and 137Cs activity concentrations in Chornobyl wood: significance of factors and classical vs. machine learning methods 估计切尔诺贝利木材中90Sr和137Cs活性浓度：因素和经典与机器学习方法的意义。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107839

D. Holiaka , Y. Igarashi , V. Yoschenko , R. Zadorozhniuk , S. Levchuk , M. Holiaka , O. Kiva , J.T. Smith , D.H. Oughton , V. Morozova , O. Lesnik , I. Chyzhevskyi , P. Diachuk , H. Kato , Y. Onda , V. Kashparov

The Chornobyl forests have undergone significant ecological transformation since the 1986 accident. Despite this, harvested wood from the region continues to be used for economic purposes. This study aimed to assess the importance of forest site characteristics, as well as the predictive capabilities of classical and machine learning (ML) methods, for estimating the content of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in wood.

A total of 205 circular sample plots were created across contrasting forest stands, where trunk wood and mineral soil samples were collected and analyzed. Aggregated transfer factors for the studied radionuclides showed wide variability. The highest ⁹⁰Sr transfer was observed in pine and birch that were growing on dry, nutrient-poor soils. The average stand diameter was significantly correlated with ⁹⁰Sr content in wood, while soil fertility showed a consistent inverse relationship with the translocation of both ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models were trained to predict radionuclide concentrations based on site characteristics. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis of the parameterized ML algorithms revealed that soil contamination density, stand diameter, tree age, and dose rate were the most important predictors, whereas tree species had limited explanatory power. XGBoost outperformed classical T_ag-based approaches for ¹³⁷Cs and achieved comparable performance for ⁹⁰Sr in predicting radionuclide activity concentrations in trunk wood. Obtained results demonstrate the value of incorporating forest features into ML algorithms for improving the assessment of radionuclide contamination in forest biomass and provide new insights into the relative importance of site characteristics in determining ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs accumulation in trees.

自1986年事故以来，切尔诺贝利森林经历了重大的生态转变。尽管如此，从该地区采伐的木材继续用于经济目的。本研究旨在评估森林立地特征的重要性，以及经典方法和机器学习（ML）方法在估算木材中90Sr和137Cs含量方面的预测能力。在对比鲜明的林分上共创建了205个圆形样地，收集和分析了树干木材和矿物土壤样品。所研究的放射性核素的聚集转移因子表现出广泛的可变性。生长在干燥、贫瘠土壤上的松树和桦树的90Sr转移量最高。平均林分直径与木材中90Sr含量呈极显著相关，土壤肥力与90Sr和137Cs的转运呈一致的负相关。训练极端梯度增强（XGBoost）模型来预测基于站点特征的放射性核素浓度。参数化ML算法的Shapley加性解释（SHAP）分析表明，土壤污染密度、林分直径、树龄和剂量率是最重要的预测因子，而树种的解释能力有限。XGBoost对137Cs的预测优于传统的基于标签的方法，在预测树干木材中90Sr的放射性核素活性浓度方面也取得了相当的成绩。所获得的结果表明，将森林特征纳入ML算法对于改进森林生物量中放射性核素污染的评估具有价值，并为确定树木中90Sr和137Cs积累的场地特征的相对重要性提供了新的见解。

{"title":"Estimation of 90Sr and 137Cs activity concentrations in Chornobyl wood: significance of factors and classical vs. machine learning methods","authors":"D. Holiaka , Y. Igarashi , V. Yoschenko , R. Zadorozhniuk , S. Levchuk , M. Holiaka , O. Kiva , J.T. Smith , D.H. Oughton , V. Morozova , O. Lesnik , I. Chyzhevskyi , P. Diachuk , H. Kato , Y. Onda , V. Kashparov","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Chornobyl forests have undergone significant ecological transformation since the 1986 accident. Despite this, harvested wood from the region continues to be used for economic purposes. This study aimed to assess the importance of forest site characteristics, as well as the predictive capabilities of classical and machine learning (ML) methods, for estimating the content of <sup>90</sup>Sr and <sup>137</sup>Cs in wood.</div><div>A total of 205 circular sample plots were created across contrasting forest stands, where trunk wood and mineral soil samples were collected and analyzed. Aggregated transfer factors for the studied radionuclides showed wide variability. The highest <sup>90</sup>Sr transfer was observed in pine and birch that were growing on dry, nutrient-poor soils. The average stand diameter was significantly correlated with <sup>90</sup>Sr content in wood, while soil fertility showed a consistent inverse relationship with the translocation of both <sup>90</sup>Sr and <sup>137</sup>Cs. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models were trained to predict radionuclide concentrations based on site characteristics. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis of the parameterized ML algorithms revealed that soil contamination density, stand diameter, tree age, and dose rate were the most important predictors, whereas tree species had limited explanatory power. XGBoost outperformed classical T<sub>ag</sub>-based approaches for <sup>137</sup>Cs and achieved comparable performance for <sup>90</sup>Sr in predicting radionuclide activity concentrations in trunk wood. Obtained results demonstrate the value of incorporating forest features into ML algorithms for improving the assessment of radionuclide contamination in forest biomass and provide new insights into the relative importance of site characteristics in determining <sup>90</sup>Sr and <sup>137</sup>Cs accumulation in trees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating anomalous radioxenon detections on the International Monitoring System related to a significant source in East Asia 调查国际监测系统中与东亚一个重要来源有关的放射性氙异常探测。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107836

Daniel L. Chester, Matthew A. Goodwin, Susan J. Leadbetter

The International Monitoring System (IMS) Radionuclide (RN) network measures airborne fission and activation products for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Recently, the background levels of radioactive isotopes of xenon (radioxenon) at several IMS stations in the East Asian and Pacific regions have been anomalously high. On 21^st December 2023, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) released a press statement in relation to developments in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear programme, indicating that a new experimental light water reactor (ELWR) had come online. Here, we discuss several periods of heightened radioxenon activity at IMS stations in the northern hemisphere and begin to associate spatially and temporally distributed detections with emissions from the Yongbyon site using atmospheric transport and dispersion modelling. Source term estimations suggest that a facility operating at Yongbyon is amongst the largest known radioxenon emitters globally, with ¹³³Xe emission rates akin to those of a medical isotope production facility. This source of anthropogenic fission product radioxenon represents a significant signal which must be contended with when monitoring for nuclear explosive testing.

国际监测系统（IMS）放射性核素（RN）网络测量空中裂变和活化产物，用于核查《全面禁止核试验条约》（CTBT）。最近，东亚和太平洋地区几个国际监测系统站的氙（放射性氙）放射性同位素背景水平异常高。2023年12月21日，国际原子能机构（IAEA）发布了一份关于朝鲜民主主义人民共和国（DPRK）核计划发展的新闻声明，表明一个新的实验性轻水反应堆（ELWR）已经上线。在这里，我们讨论了北半球IMS站放射性氙活动加剧的几个时期，并开始使用大气传输和弥散模型将空间和时间分布的探测与宁边场址的排放联系起来。源项估计表明，宁边的一个设施是全球已知最大的放射性氙排放者之一，其133Xe排放率与医疗同位素生产设施的排放率相似。这种人为裂变产物放射性氙的来源是监测核爆炸试验时必须处理的一个重要信号。

{"title":"Investigating anomalous radioxenon detections on the International Monitoring System related to a significant source in East Asia","authors":"Daniel L. Chester, Matthew A. Goodwin, Susan J. Leadbetter","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The International Monitoring System (IMS) Radionuclide (RN) network measures airborne fission and activation products for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Recently, the background levels of radioactive isotopes of xenon (<em>radioxenon</em>) at several IMS stations in the East Asian and Pacific regions have been anomalously high. On 21<sup>st</sup> December 2023, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) released a press statement in relation to developments in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear programme, indicating that a new experimental light water reactor (ELWR) had come online. Here, we discuss several periods of heightened radioxenon activity at IMS stations in the northern hemisphere and begin to associate spatially and temporally distributed detections with emissions from the Yongbyon site using atmospheric transport and dispersion modelling. Source term estimations suggest that a facility operating at Yongbyon is amongst the largest known radioxenon emitters globally, with <sup>133</sup>Xe emission rates akin to those of a medical isotope production facility. This source of anthropogenic fission product radioxenon represents a significant signal which must be contended with when monitoring for nuclear explosive testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145312904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of uranium and cadmium Co-contamination on rhizosphere microecology and accumulation in sweet potato varieties 铀镉共污染对甘薯品种根际微生态及积累的影响机制

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107832

Jin-long Lai, Xue Gong, Qian Fu, Xue-gang Luo

This study investigated rhizosphere microecological mechanisms driving interspecific variation in uranium (U) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation among sweet potato cultivars, informing low-accumulator selection strategies and Phyto management of contaminated soils. Employing two contrasting cultivars (high-accumulation purple sweet potato vs. low-accumulation Sushu No. 8), we conducted pot experiments to analyse photosynthetic responses, mineral nutrition dynamics, rhizosphere microbiome shifts, and soil metabolomic profiles under heavy metal stress. While exhibiting superior photosynthetic efficiency relative to Sushu 8, the purple cultivar demonstrated greater sensitivity to U + Cd co-stress, showing 4.68–13.05 % reductions in intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs). Notably, its roots accumulated 15.4 times higher Cd contamination indices (Pi_Cd) than Sushu 8, with significantly elevated bioconcentration factors (BCF) and transfer coefficients (TF) across all tissues. Heavy metal exposure reduced operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the purple cultivar's rhizosphere microbiome but enhanced microbial diversity in Sushu 8. Metabolomic profiling revealed U/Cd-induced activation of galactose metabolism, ABC transporters, and pyrimidine metabolic pathways, with amino acid and nucleotide flux strongly correlating to microbial community dynamics. These findings demonstrate cultivar-specific heavy metal accumulation patterns are governed by rhizosphere processes involving mineral acquisition efficiency, microbiome configuration, and metabolic reprogramming, with high-accumulator microbiomes exhibiting greater environmental susceptibility.

本研究探讨了甘薯不同品种间铀(U)和镉（Cd）积累的根际微生态机制，为污染土壤的低富集体选择策略和植物管理提供依据。以高积累紫甘薯和低积累苏薯8号为对照，进行盆栽试验，分析重金属胁迫下紫甘薯的光合响应、矿质营养动态、根际微生物群变化和土壤代谢组学特征。紫色品种的光合效率高于苏树8号，但对U + Cd共胁迫的敏感性更强，胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）降低4.68 ~ 13.05%。值得注意的是，其根累积的Cd污染指数（Pi_Cd）比苏8高15.4倍，各组织的生物浓度因子（BCF）和转移系数（TF）均显著升高。重金属暴露降低了紫色品种根际微生物组的操作分类单位（OTUs），但增加了苏蜀8号的微生物多样性。代谢组学分析显示，U/ cd诱导了半乳糖代谢、ABC转运体和嘧啶代谢途径的激活，氨基酸和核苷酸通量与微生物群落动态密切相关。这些发现表明，特定品种的重金属积累模式受根际过程的控制，包括矿物获取效率、微生物组配置和代谢重编程，高积累微生物组表现出更大的环境敏感性。

{"title":"Mechanisms of uranium and cadmium Co-contamination on rhizosphere microecology and accumulation in sweet potato varieties","authors":"Jin-long Lai, Xue Gong, Qian Fu, Xue-gang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated rhizosphere microecological mechanisms driving interspecific variation in uranium (U) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation among sweet potato cultivars, informing low-accumulator selection strategies and Phyto management of contaminated soils. Employing two contrasting cultivars (high-accumulation purple sweet potato vs. low-accumulation Sushu No. 8), we conducted pot experiments to analyse photosynthetic responses, mineral nutrition dynamics, rhizosphere microbiome shifts, and soil metabolomic profiles under heavy metal stress. While exhibiting superior photosynthetic efficiency relative to Sushu 8, the purple cultivar demonstrated greater sensitivity to U + Cd co-stress, showing 4.68–13.05 % reductions in intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs). Notably, its roots accumulated 15.4 times higher Cd contamination indices (Pi_Cd) than Sushu 8, with significantly elevated bioconcentration factors (BCF) and transfer coefficients (TF) across all tissues. Heavy metal exposure reduced operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the purple cultivar's rhizosphere microbiome but enhanced microbial diversity in Sushu 8. Metabolomic profiling revealed U/Cd-induced activation of galactose metabolism, ABC transporters, and pyrimidine metabolic pathways, with amino acid and nucleotide flux strongly correlating to microbial community dynamics. These findings demonstrate cultivar-specific heavy metal accumulation patterns are governed by rhizosphere processes involving mineral acquisition efficiency, microbiome configuration, and metabolic reprogramming, with high-accumulator microbiomes exhibiting greater environmental susceptibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145301459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformer-based deep learning architecture for multivariable radioactive source term inversion 基于变压器的多变量辐射源项反演深度学习体系结构。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107835

Yangfan Zhao , Deyi Chen , Yuxuan Wang , Baojie Nie , Yungang Zhao , Qi Li , Shilian Wang , Dezhong Wang

Inversion for the radioactive source term has received growing attention in the post-Fukushima era. Under some special scenarios, the source term, including release rate, height and position, is necessary for nuclear emergency response and consequence assessment. Here, a transformer-based deep learning architecture was developed for multivariable source term estimation. The CALMET-LAPMOD coupling model validated by the Kincaid tracer experiment was employed to produce the datasets. The datasets were systematically constructed for five representative scenarios with the following time-varying parameters: release rate, release height, release location, coupling of release rate and height, and coupling of all three variables. Subsequently, a Transformer model with Bayesian optimization for adaptive hyperparameter tuning was developed. The results demonstrated excellent performance in source term inversion, with a determination coefficient (R²) of above 0.96 for release rate and height, and an average distance error of 1.19 km at a 95 % confidence level for location prediction. Regarding the coupling of all three variables scenario, the R² for release rate and location remained above 0.92, whereas the height achieved R² of 0.72. Additionally, feature ablation analysis revealed that monitoring points with high concentration values contribute significantly to inversion, providing quantitative insights to optimize the monitoring network layout.

后福岛时代，放射源项的反演受到越来越多的关注。在某些特殊情况下，包括释放速率、高度和位置在内的源项是核应急响应和后果评估所必需的。在这里，开发了一个基于变压器的深度学习架构，用于多变量源项估计。采用金凯示踪实验验证的CALMET-LAPMOD耦合模型生成数据集。系统地构建了5个具有代表性的场景数据集，这些数据集具有以下时变参数：释放速率、释放高度、释放位置、释放速率与高度耦合以及三者耦合。在此基础上，建立了自适应超参数整定的贝叶斯优化Transformer模型。结果表明，源项反演效果良好，释放速率和高度的决定系数（R2）均在0.96以上，位置预测的平均距离误差为1.19 km，置信水平为95%。在三个变量耦合的情况下，释放速率和位置的R2保持在0.92以上，而高度的R2达到0.72。此外，特征消融分析表明，高浓度监测点对反演的贡献显著，为优化监测网络布局提供了定量见解。

{"title":"Transformer-based deep learning architecture for multivariable radioactive source term inversion","authors":"Yangfan Zhao , Deyi Chen , Yuxuan Wang , Baojie Nie , Yungang Zhao , Qi Li , Shilian Wang , Dezhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inversion for the radioactive source term has received growing attention in the post-Fukushima era. Under some special scenarios, the source term, including release rate, height and position, is necessary for nuclear emergency response and consequence assessment. Here, a transformer-based deep learning architecture was developed for multivariable source term estimation. The CALMET-LAPMOD coupling model validated by the Kincaid tracer experiment was employed to produce the datasets. The datasets were systematically constructed for five representative scenarios with the following time-varying parameters: release rate, release height, release location, coupling of release rate and height, and coupling of all three variables. Subsequently, a Transformer model with Bayesian optimization for adaptive hyperparameter tuning was developed. The results demonstrated excellent performance in source term inversion, with a determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of above 0.96 for release rate and height, and an average distance error of 1.19 km at a 95 % confidence level for location prediction. Regarding the coupling of all three variables scenario, the R<sup>2</sup> for release rate and location remained above 0.92, whereas the height achieved R<sup>2</sup> of 0.72. Additionally, feature ablation analysis revealed that monitoring points with high concentration values contribute significantly to inversion, providing quantitative insights to optimize the monitoring network layout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0