Pub Date : 2020-09-11DOI: 10.5835/JECM.OMU.37.04.002
I. Saglik, Ö. Tuncay, Betil Özhak
Endodontic infections have a polymicrobial nature. Thus, eliminating the microorganisms from infected root canals without damaging healthy surrounding tissue is a major concern. Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) is a natural product with potential antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether various extract solutions of S. mukorossi have an antimicrobial activity against specific endodontic pathogens. Extracts were obtained from S. mukorossi fruit pericarps using methanol, ethanol, butanol and distilled water solvents. The inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined with disc diffusion assay, broth microdilution assay and agar dilution assay. Antimicrobial inhibitory activity was observed with all four different solvent extracts of S. mukorossi against Fusobacterium nucleatum American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25586, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Actinomyces odontolyticus (clinical isolate). The MIC values were ranged 10.24-10.24, 0.01-0.64 and 1.28- 2.56 mg/mL, respectively. The MBC value was not detected for Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586. The MBC values were 0.02-1.25 and 2.56-5.12 mg/ mL for Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Actinomyces odontolyticus (clinical isolate), respectively. Antifungal activities were also observed with the four different solvent extracts of S. mukorossi against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and C. albicans clinical isolates 1, 2 and 3. The inhibition zone diameter values were in the range of 18-21 mm. The MIC values for C. albicans ATCC 10231 and C. albicans clinical isolates 1, 2 and 3 were 0.2-0.4 and MFC values were 0.4-0.8 mg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial effects of the S. mukorossi fruit pericarp extract inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis, A. odontolyticus, F. nucleatum, and especially the C. albicans strains. S. mukorossi extract has interesting potential as an antimicrobial agent against endodontic pathogens.
{"title":"Investigation of the antimicrobial effects of Sapindus mukorossi on endodontic pathogens","authors":"I. Saglik, Ö. Tuncay, Betil Özhak","doi":"10.5835/JECM.OMU.37.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5835/JECM.OMU.37.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Endodontic infections have a polymicrobial nature. Thus, eliminating the microorganisms from infected root canals without damaging healthy surrounding tissue is a major concern. Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) is a natural product with potential antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether various extract solutions of S. mukorossi have an antimicrobial activity against specific endodontic pathogens. Extracts were obtained from S. mukorossi fruit pericarps using methanol, ethanol, butanol and distilled water solvents. The inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined with disc diffusion assay, broth microdilution assay and agar dilution assay. Antimicrobial inhibitory activity was observed with all four different solvent extracts of S. mukorossi against Fusobacterium nucleatum American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25586, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Actinomyces odontolyticus (clinical isolate). The MIC values were ranged 10.24-10.24, 0.01-0.64 and 1.28- 2.56 mg/mL, respectively. The MBC value was not detected for Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586. The MBC values were 0.02-1.25 and 2.56-5.12 mg/ mL for Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Actinomyces odontolyticus (clinical isolate), respectively. Antifungal activities were also observed with the four different solvent extracts of S. mukorossi against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and C. albicans clinical isolates 1, 2 and 3. The inhibition zone diameter values were in the range of 18-21 mm. The MIC values for C. albicans ATCC 10231 and C. albicans clinical isolates 1, 2 and 3 were 0.2-0.4 and MFC values were 0.4-0.8 mg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial effects of the S. mukorossi fruit pericarp extract inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis, A. odontolyticus, F. nucleatum, and especially the C. albicans strains. S. mukorossi extract has interesting potential as an antimicrobial agent against endodontic pathogens.","PeriodicalId":15770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73072058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.5835/JECM.OMU.37.03.001
Müberra Tanrıverdi, Melike Vural, F. Cakir
Chemotherapy affects the diet and feeding habits of children with cancer. They experience side effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. Feeding disorders occur during treatment period of chronic illnesses such as during the chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine their feeding habits of the children with cancer. We applied a questionnaire concerning the feeding habits of 21 patients with cancer who received chemotherapy. The questionnaire included where, how, how often and how much children were fed. Nine (42.9%) female patients and 12 (57.1%) male patients participated in the survey. Six (28.6%) lymphomas, 5 (23.8%) sarcomas, 3 (14.3%) kidney tumors, 3 (14.3%) neuroblastomas, 2 (9.5%) brain tumors, 1 (4.8%) acute leukemia and 1 (4.8%) bone tumor were diagnosed. There was a positive statistically significant relationship between regular vegetable consumption and the measurement of body mass indexes (r=-0.601; p<0.05). Fast food consumption at least once a week was inversely correlated with the measurements of weight and height of the patients (r=0.683; p<0.05). Body mass index was found to decrease during the acute gastroenteritis periods (r=-0.470; p<0.05). There was a positive statistically significant relationship between constipation periods and the skinfold thickness measurements (r=0.714; p<0.05). Healthy feeding is especially important for every child in this patient group. Fast food consumption is one of the factors that negatively affects the health, which adversely affects the patients in the treatment process even more adversely. In the literature, there is no protocol established for the feeding of children with cancer and no guideline has been developed as a result of these studies. Our study is planned to determine this need and it might shed light on the literature with the results.
{"title":"The effects of treatment on nutrition in children with cancer","authors":"Müberra Tanrıverdi, Melike Vural, F. Cakir","doi":"10.5835/JECM.OMU.37.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5835/JECM.OMU.37.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Chemotherapy affects the diet and feeding habits of children with cancer. They experience side effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. Feeding disorders occur during treatment period of chronic illnesses such as during the chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine their feeding habits of the children with cancer. We applied a questionnaire concerning the feeding habits of 21 patients with cancer who received chemotherapy. The questionnaire included where, how, how often and how much children were fed. Nine (42.9%) female patients and 12 (57.1%) male patients participated in the survey. Six (28.6%) lymphomas, 5 (23.8%) sarcomas, 3 (14.3%) kidney tumors, 3 (14.3%) neuroblastomas, 2 (9.5%) brain tumors, 1 (4.8%) acute leukemia and 1 (4.8%) bone tumor were diagnosed. There was a positive statistically significant relationship between regular vegetable consumption and the measurement of body mass indexes (r=-0.601; p<0.05). Fast food consumption at least once a week was inversely correlated with the measurements of weight and height of the patients (r=0.683; p<0.05). Body mass index was found to decrease during the acute gastroenteritis periods (r=-0.470; p<0.05). There was a positive statistically significant relationship between constipation periods and the skinfold thickness measurements (r=0.714; p<0.05). Healthy feeding is especially important for every child in this patient group. Fast food consumption is one of the factors that negatively affects the health, which adversely affects the patients in the treatment process even more adversely. In the literature, there is no protocol established for the feeding of children with cancer and no guideline has been developed as a result of these studies. Our study is planned to determine this need and it might shed light on the literature with the results.","PeriodicalId":15770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85843926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-20DOI: 10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.013
B. Yalcin, M. Unal
We aimed to investigate the mid-term quit rates of smokers who were motivated to quit smoking directly by their children or grandchildren. Thousand one hundred and forty-eight smokers who had attended to the Ondokuz Mayis University smoking cessation clinic were investigated for their initial motivation for quit smoking. Among them 80 participants were accepted as study group who claimed that their primary motivation for smoking cessation was their children or grandchildren’s wish to see them as non-smokers. 200 other smokers were accepted as control group randomly. An individualized therapy cessation technique was selected for each participant (combination of behavioral counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, and/or pharmacotherapy). All of the participants in both groups attended a standard quittance program. The smoking statuses of both groups were investigated at the end of 1 st and 3 rd month after. Although there was no difference between the sociodemographic and smoking features of the both groups the study group had a better quit rate after 1 st (45% versus 35%) and 3 rd (37% versus 29%) month compared to control group (p<0.001 respectively). To get motivation from grandchildren or children had an independent effect on cessation (O.R=1.094, 95%CI, p<0.001). The smokers who were motivated to quit by their children or grandchildren may have an increased chance of quittance.
{"title":"The mid-term effect of grandchildren and children motivation to quit rates of smokers","authors":"B. Yalcin, M. Unal","doi":"10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to investigate the mid-term quit rates of smokers who were motivated to quit smoking directly by their children or grandchildren. Thousand one hundred and forty-eight smokers who had attended to the Ondokuz Mayis University smoking cessation clinic were investigated for their initial motivation for quit smoking. Among them 80 participants were accepted as study group who claimed that their primary motivation for smoking cessation was their children or grandchildren’s wish to see them as non-smokers. 200 other smokers were accepted as control group randomly. An individualized therapy cessation technique was selected for each participant (combination of behavioral counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, and/or pharmacotherapy). All of the participants in both groups attended a standard quittance program. The smoking statuses of both groups were investigated at the end of 1 st and 3 rd month after. Although there was no difference between the sociodemographic and smoking features of the both groups the study group had a better quit rate after 1 st (45% versus 35%) and 3 rd (37% versus 29%) month compared to control group (p<0.001 respectively). To get motivation from grandchildren or children had an independent effect on cessation (O.R=1.094, 95%CI, p<0.001). The smokers who were motivated to quit by their children or grandchildren may have an increased chance of quittance.","PeriodicalId":15770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76028442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-20DOI: 10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.002
O. Öztürk, I. Fidancı, M. Ünal
Smoking is a common practice and damages almost all organs and systems of the body. Oral cavity is often overlooked yet such an important region. Its rich flora contains many microorganisms that cause local and systemic diseases if microbiological flora is altered. Cigarette smoke renders oral mucosa epithelium to be susceptible for colonization of pathogens. These pathogens can cause or contribute formation of systemic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Also smoking causes mutations that can lead to cancers. Many cancerous or precancerous lesions and bad breath attributed to smoking. This review focuses smoking related oral cavity conditions and their mechanisms.
{"title":"Effects of smoking on oral cavity","authors":"O. Öztürk, I. Fidancı, M. Ünal","doi":"10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Smoking is a common practice and damages almost all organs and systems of the body. Oral cavity is often overlooked yet such an important region. Its rich flora contains many microorganisms that cause local and systemic diseases if microbiological flora is altered. Cigarette smoke renders oral mucosa epithelium to be susceptible for colonization of pathogens. These pathogens can cause or contribute formation of systemic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Also smoking causes mutations that can lead to cancers. Many cancerous or precancerous lesions and bad breath attributed to smoking. This review focuses smoking related oral cavity conditions and their mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":15770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87307704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-20DOI: 10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.004
M. Unal, B. Yalcin, M. Selcuk
Electronic cigarette (EC) usage in the world is increasing. It might outsell the other tobacco products in the future with this rate of selling increase. Promoters of EC argue that using them will bring additional benefits in the fight against tobacco. By switching from cigarettes to ECs, smokers will not be exposed to a number of dangerous substances thus; morbidity and mortality of smoking would decrease. This may cause major epidemiologic changes. Opponents argue that none of these claims are proven. Nicotine itself is not only addictive but also a harmful substance. Besides it may disseminate tobacco use young people into nicotine addiction with its new harmless image. These devices imitate the hits of nicotine, therefore feed the addiction rather than prevent it. People simply may continue smoking and use EC where cigarettes are socially or legally unacceptable. The solutions of nicotine carry the risk of using unhealthy mixtures and inappropriate nicotine dosing. Users simply may abuse these devices to use other substances such as cocaine. ECs are not recognized as a form of nicotine replacement therapy. In fact most health authorities are negative on ECs. Legal issues like using ECs in public places are not clear. Health professionals are increasingly facing the questions regarding EC usage and fail to provide satisfactory answers.
{"title":"Are electronic cigarettes saviors or new culprits","authors":"M. Unal, B. Yalcin, M. Selcuk","doi":"10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic cigarette (EC) usage in the world is increasing. It might outsell the other tobacco products in the future with this rate of selling increase. Promoters of EC argue that using them will bring additional benefits in the fight against tobacco. By switching from cigarettes to ECs, smokers will not be exposed to a number of dangerous substances thus; morbidity and mortality of smoking would decrease. This may cause major epidemiologic changes. Opponents argue that none of these claims are proven. Nicotine itself is not only addictive but also a harmful substance. Besides it may disseminate tobacco use young people into nicotine addiction with its new harmless image. These devices imitate the hits of nicotine, therefore feed the addiction rather than prevent it. People simply may continue smoking and use EC where cigarettes are socially or legally unacceptable. The solutions of nicotine carry the risk of using unhealthy mixtures and inappropriate nicotine dosing. Users simply may abuse these devices to use other substances such as cocaine. ECs are not recognized as a form of nicotine replacement therapy. In fact most health authorities are negative on ECs. Legal issues like using ECs in public places are not clear. Health professionals are increasingly facing the questions regarding EC usage and fail to provide satisfactory answers.","PeriodicalId":15770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87496657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-20DOI: 10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.014
B. Yalcin, M. Unal
Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependency Test (FNTD) is a vital test in smoking cessation services. It determines the nicotine addiction level of the patients. The test consists of six items, and a smoker can get a score between 1 to 10. A higher score indicates a higher level of dependency. The result of this test is one of the key components that we use to determine and discuss the best possible individualized cessation strategy (life style modifications, motivation interview, nicotine replacement therapy or other drugs) with patients according to evidence-based medicine principles. It is known that FNTD is a very effective tool for primary care and has several advantages over other self / physician-rated tests. However in several cases we have encountered several flaws and problems in each of the six items with extreme or unusual cases in our experiences. Also such problematic cases are not uncommon in our patient population. To our experience clinicians have to question every item of FNTD with special care in order to prevent and misjudge. This condition may be resulted to under- or over-rate dependency levels of the smokers. In this short report we attempt to share and discuss some of these problematic situations and our own experiences.
{"title":"Does the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependency Test suit every smoker in the waiting room","authors":"B. Yalcin, M. Unal","doi":"10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependency Test (FNTD) is a vital test in smoking cessation services. It determines the nicotine addiction level of the patients. The test consists of six items, and a smoker can get a score between 1 to 10. A higher score indicates a higher level of dependency. The result of this test is one of the key components that we use to determine and discuss the best possible individualized cessation strategy (life style modifications, motivation interview, nicotine replacement therapy or other drugs) with patients according to evidence-based medicine principles. It is known that FNTD is a very effective tool for primary care and has several advantages over other self / physician-rated tests. However in several cases we have encountered several flaws and problems in each of the six items with extreme or unusual cases in our experiences. Also such problematic cases are not uncommon in our patient population. To our experience clinicians have to question every item of FNTD with special care in order to prevent and misjudge. This condition may be resulted to under- or over-rate dependency levels of the smokers. In this short report we attempt to share and discuss some of these problematic situations and our own experiences.","PeriodicalId":15770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75766830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-20DOI: 10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.003
I. Fidancı, O. Öztürk, M. Ünal
Smoking is one of the major public health problems and a major cause of preventable diseases. Today there are many ways to combat with tobacco use which is the chief risk factor for avoidable diseases. Pharmacotherapy and other supportive therapies based on motivation and cognitive-behavioral approaches are used in treatment. Among those, concentrating on behavioral changes are gaining more popularity as number of people who stop smoking using behavioral therapies are increasing, so is the interest on psychological models. Transtheoretic model is known as behavioral changes model which is widely used in smoking cessation and developed for the first time by Prochaska and DiClemente. It uses appropriate intervention according to the stage of the individual. According to Transtheoretic model, five stages are to be passed for behavior change. Motivational techniques are important for succesfull passing of a stage and should be structured for preparation to the next stage. Each stage should be evaluated for the transition to the next stage. Transtheoretic model is a significant tool for smoking cessation with its ability to use different models of behavior changes. This flexibilitaly of Transtheoretic model makes the model treatment of choice in different addictions. In this review we focus on the features of Transtheoretic model.
{"title":"Transtheoretic model in smoking cessation","authors":"I. Fidancı, O. Öztürk, M. Ünal","doi":"10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Smoking is one of the major public health problems and a major cause of preventable diseases. Today there are many ways to combat with tobacco use which is the chief risk factor for avoidable diseases. Pharmacotherapy and other supportive therapies based on motivation and cognitive-behavioral approaches are used in treatment. Among those, concentrating on behavioral changes are gaining more popularity as number of people who stop smoking using behavioral therapies are increasing, so is the interest on psychological models. Transtheoretic model is known as behavioral changes model which is widely used in smoking cessation and developed for the first time by Prochaska and DiClemente. It uses appropriate intervention according to the stage of the individual. According to Transtheoretic model, five stages are to be passed for behavior change. Motivational techniques are important for succesfull passing of a stage and should be structured for preparation to the next stage. Each stage should be evaluated for the transition to the next stage. Transtheoretic model is a significant tool for smoking cessation with its ability to use different models of behavior changes. This flexibilitaly of Transtheoretic model makes the model treatment of choice in different addictions. In this review we focus on the features of Transtheoretic model.","PeriodicalId":15770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72672459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-20DOI: 10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.009
B. Yalcin, I. Fidancı, O. Öztürk
The aim was to evaluate the dependence level and relation condition by examining the reasons to start smoking. Scanning the people in Family Health Center, personal information, smoking conditions and reasons to start smoking were asked to 359 smokers over 18 years of age using a questionnaire prepared. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to determine the dependence level in smoking individuals. Then statistical analysis was made using the acquired data. 269 people, 181 males (50.4%) and 178 females (49.6%), were included in our study. While the package/year average of smokers is 9.0±8.4 right now, FTND score average was found 6.9±1.7 points. According to FTND, the ratio of low level, medium level and high level of dependents were 6.7%, 40.4% and 52.9% in order. Reasons for starting to smoke were grouped under 11 different answers. The cases stated the most common reason for starting smoking as “imitating” (21.2%) and boredom/stress (13.6%) followed this. There was a significant relation between the ages and reasons for starting smoking among the participants in our study (F=4.067, p<0.001). A statistically significant difference was not found in smoking dependence levels among FTND scores and smoking package/year condition. No significant relation was found between nicotine dependence level and reason to start smoking. “Imitation” as the most common reason to start smoking. Thus applications increasing the information level of individuals may decrease the smoking starting frequency of individuals.
{"title":"Evaluation of the relation between reasons for initiating smoking and dependence level","authors":"B. Yalcin, I. Fidancı, O. Öztürk","doi":"10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to evaluate the dependence level and relation condition by examining the reasons to start smoking. Scanning the people in Family Health Center, personal information, smoking conditions and reasons to start smoking were asked to 359 smokers over 18 years of age using a questionnaire prepared. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to determine the dependence level in smoking individuals. Then statistical analysis was made using the acquired data. 269 people, 181 males (50.4%) and 178 females (49.6%), were included in our study. While the package/year average of smokers is 9.0±8.4 right now, FTND score average was found 6.9±1.7 points. According to FTND, the ratio of low level, medium level and high level of dependents were 6.7%, 40.4% and 52.9% in order. Reasons for starting to smoke were grouped under 11 different answers. The cases stated the most common reason for starting smoking as “imitating” (21.2%) and boredom/stress (13.6%) followed this. There was a significant relation between the ages and reasons for starting smoking among the participants in our study (F=4.067, p<0.001). A statistically significant difference was not found in smoking dependence levels among FTND scores and smoking package/year condition. No significant relation was found between nicotine dependence level and reason to start smoking. “Imitation” as the most common reason to start smoking. Thus applications increasing the information level of individuals may decrease the smoking starting frequency of individuals.","PeriodicalId":15770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine","volume":"2020 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86380254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-20DOI: 10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.007
A. Babaoglu, M. Tozun, M. Ertem, İbrahim Padır
The aim of this study was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and evaluate effects of attitudes and knowledge about smoking on the effectiveness of smoking cessation in patients attending to Konak Smoking Cessation Outpatient Clinic (SCOC). In this retrospective study, files of patients that admitted to Izmir Konak SCOC between 2009 and 2010 were investigated. Patient files consisted of; i) the “Patient Evaluation Form” ii) the Fagerstrom Test, iii) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A patient who didn’t smoke for a year was accepted as cessation and other cases were accepted as recurrences. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analyses. 1.508 patient files were examined. 50.0% of the patients were female, mean age was 42.37±12.17, dependency score was high/very high in 52.9% of the cases. The “cessation” rate was 38.7% for the whole group. Cessation rate of the 15-19 age group was lower compared to other age groups (p<0.05). Cessation rate was lower among singles compared to married or divorced/widows (p<0.05). The cessation rate of students was lower compared to working and non-working patients (p<0.05). The average age of starting smoking was 16.87±4.86. The risk of recurrence was higher in the presence of other people smoking at home or at work (RR: 1.4, p<0.001). Increase in the Fagerstrom dependency anxiety and depression scores were observed in the case of recurrence (p<0.001). The cessation rates to quit smoking were lower, the younger the age the patient started smoking (p<0.05). Cessation rates of patients attending to Konak SCOC after one year follow ups are high. Interventions to increase the application rates of young people and the promotion of integrated health activities for adolescents will increase the efforts toward the tobacco epidemic.
{"title":"Some sociodemographic factors on smoking cessation rate in Konak smoking cessation outpatient clinic","authors":"A. Babaoglu, M. Tozun, M. Ertem, İbrahim Padır","doi":"10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5835/JECM.OMU.34.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and evaluate effects of attitudes and knowledge about smoking on the effectiveness of smoking cessation in patients attending to Konak Smoking Cessation Outpatient Clinic (SCOC). In this retrospective study, files of patients that admitted to Izmir Konak SCOC between 2009 and 2010 were investigated. Patient files consisted of; i) the “Patient Evaluation Form” ii) the Fagerstrom Test, iii) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A patient who didn’t smoke for a year was accepted as cessation and other cases were accepted as recurrences. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analyses. 1.508 patient files were examined. 50.0% of the patients were female, mean age was 42.37±12.17, dependency score was high/very high in 52.9% of the cases. The “cessation” rate was 38.7% for the whole group. Cessation rate of the 15-19 age group was lower compared to other age groups (p<0.05). Cessation rate was lower among singles compared to married or divorced/widows (p<0.05). The cessation rate of students was lower compared to working and non-working patients (p<0.05). The average age of starting smoking was 16.87±4.86. The risk of recurrence was higher in the presence of other people smoking at home or at work (RR: 1.4, p<0.001). Increase in the Fagerstrom dependency anxiety and depression scores were observed in the case of recurrence (p<0.001). The cessation rates to quit smoking were lower, the younger the age the patient started smoking (p<0.05). Cessation rates of patients attending to Konak SCOC after one year follow ups are high. Interventions to increase the application rates of young people and the promotion of integrated health activities for adolescents will increase the efforts toward the tobacco epidemic.","PeriodicalId":15770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78707992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-20DOI: 10.5835/jecm.omu.34.01.006
B. Aksakal, E. Pirinççi, İ. Akkuş
This study was conducted to determine the smoking situation of pregnant women in Elazig. Pregnant women registered at 173 family medicine centers in all the districts of Elazig comprise this descriptive research. 12.3% (n=77) of pregnant women had smoked regularly before pregnancy, 84.6% (n=531) of them stated that they never smoked and, 3.2%(n=20) had quit smoking before pregnancy. 87.7% (n=551) of pregnant women stated that they did not smoke at all during pregnancy, 4.2% (n=26) continued smoking during pregnancy, 6.7% (n=42) quit smoking as soon as they learned of their pregnancy, and 1.4% (n=9) smoking for a while and then quit smoking during pregnancy. 72.5% (n=37) of pregnant women who quit smoking, did so by themselves without any advice, 21.6% (n=11) by nurse advice and 5.9% (n=3) by doctor advice. 35.0% of pregnant women stated that they were exposed to second-hand smoking during pregnancy. The rate of smoking during pregnancy increased with decreasing income (p<0.05). The rate of smoking in pregnant women is low. The rate of pregnant women taking advice from health personnel about smoking cessation is low. The risk of smoking during pregnancy should be dwelt on by health personnel and relevant education should be given to pregnant women.
{"title":"Smoking status of pregnant women in Elazig, an eastern province of Turkey","authors":"B. Aksakal, E. Pirinççi, İ. Akkuş","doi":"10.5835/jecm.omu.34.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5835/jecm.omu.34.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the smoking situation of pregnant women in Elazig. Pregnant women registered at 173 family medicine centers in all the districts of Elazig comprise this descriptive research. 12.3% (n=77) of pregnant women had smoked regularly before pregnancy, 84.6% (n=531) of them stated that they never smoked and, 3.2%(n=20) had quit smoking before pregnancy. 87.7% (n=551) of pregnant women stated that they did not smoke at all during pregnancy, 4.2% (n=26) continued smoking during pregnancy, 6.7% (n=42) quit smoking as soon as they learned of their pregnancy, and 1.4% (n=9) smoking for a while and then quit smoking during pregnancy. 72.5% (n=37) of pregnant women who quit smoking, did so by themselves without any advice, 21.6% (n=11) by nurse advice and 5.9% (n=3) by doctor advice. 35.0% of pregnant women stated that they were exposed to second-hand smoking during pregnancy. The rate of smoking during pregnancy increased with decreasing income (p<0.05). The rate of smoking in pregnant women is low. The rate of pregnant women taking advice from health personnel about smoking cessation is low. The risk of smoking during pregnancy should be dwelt on by health personnel and relevant education should be given to pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":15770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75111022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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