Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00374-940407
Kristen Covino, F. Titmuss, Joseph Brosseau, Dora Donacik, Maddie Ellms, Allison Fisante, Olivia Maday, Alyssa Nowicki, Daphne Okuyama, Jessica Robinson, Katherine Schickfus, Eliza Stanley, Mary Everett
The ability to recognize and associate objects with prior experiences has been demonstrated in several avian taxa. Corvids, for example, recognize visual stimuli associated with negative previous experiences and will modify their behavioral responses according to the level of perceived threat. However, the extent to which similar memory-based behaviors exist in seabirds is poorly understood. Our study investigated object recognition by Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus smithsonianus) on their breeding grounds, the site of a long-term monitoring project. When handling gulls and conducting field research, researchers wear standard bicycle helmets as a protective measure against physical aggression by nesting gulls. We tested whether previously banded gulls vary their behavioral responses based on the headgear worn by human researchers. Herring Gulls were significantly more aggressive when approached by helmeted observers compared to those wearing neutral headwear or even holding a helmet, thus indicating a potential association between wearing bike helmets and the negative experience with researchers. Our study demonstrates that Herring Gulls are capable of object memory and object recognition within context, and display different behaviors toward different objects according to their levels of perceived threat. This information is key when designing studies with nesting gulls to ensure that behavioral biases are not unintentionally created due to gull prior experiences or researcher safety gear.
{"title":"Brilliant bird brains: object recognition in Herring Gulls ( Larus argentatus smithsonianus )","authors":"Kristen Covino, F. Titmuss, Joseph Brosseau, Dora Donacik, Maddie Ellms, Allison Fisante, Olivia Maday, Alyssa Nowicki, Daphne Okuyama, Jessica Robinson, Katherine Schickfus, Eliza Stanley, Mary Everett","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00374-940407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00374-940407","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to recognize and associate objects with prior experiences has been demonstrated in several avian taxa. Corvids, for example, recognize visual stimuli associated with negative previous experiences and will modify their behavioral responses according to the level of perceived threat. However, the extent to which similar memory-based behaviors exist in seabirds is poorly understood. Our study investigated object recognition by Herring Gulls (<em>Larus argentatus smithsonianus</em>) on their breeding grounds, the site of a long-term monitoring project. When handling gulls and conducting field research, researchers wear standard bicycle helmets as a protective measure against physical aggression by nesting gulls. We tested whether previously banded gulls vary their behavioral responses based on the headgear worn by human researchers. Herring Gulls were significantly more aggressive when approached by helmeted observers compared to those wearing neutral headwear or even holding a helmet, thus indicating a potential association between wearing bike helmets and the negative experience with researchers. Our study demonstrates that Herring Gulls are capable of object memory and object recognition within context, and display different behaviors toward different objects according to their levels of perceived threat. This information is key when designing studies with nesting gulls to ensure that behavioral biases are not unintentionally created due to gull prior experiences or researcher safety gear.","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135561964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00284-940209
Christopher Hill, Kyle Miles, Katie Maddox, Amy K. Tegeler
. Adoption of unrelated young by adult birds is costly and therefore they should avoid it unless adoption carries compensating benefits. Loggerhead Shrikes ( Lanius ludovicianus ) have a monogamous mating system with low rates of extra-pair paternity and biparental care of young. To date, no documented instances of adoption have been published in this species. In two small nesting populations in South Carolina, we documented six cases in three years in which an unpaired Loggerhead Shrike adopted a brood of apparently unrelated nestlings or fledglings, in some cases sharing provisioning duties with the brood’s mother and in two cases taking over care completely while the mothers renested with different males. These adoptions occurred in 3.4% of all nesting attempts and in about 5% of broods that reached the nestling or fledgling stages. In at least five of the adoptions, young survived to independence. All adopters were male, and we documented a male-biased sex ratio among unpaired birds. We surveyed other Loggerhead Shrike researchers and uncovered three instances of similar alloparental care in three other populations, suggesting that this behavior is widespread but previously overlooked. We speculate that adoption by male Loggerhead Shrikes may be adaptive in male-biased populations by increasing the chances of an adopting male subsequently mating with the mother of the chicks he adopted, which happened in two of the six cases
{"title":"Are adoptions in a predatory songbird a strategy to aid mate acquisition?","authors":"Christopher Hill, Kyle Miles, Katie Maddox, Amy K. Tegeler","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00284-940209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00284-940209","url":null,"abstract":". Adoption of unrelated young by adult birds is costly and therefore they should avoid it unless adoption carries compensating benefits. Loggerhead Shrikes ( Lanius ludovicianus ) have a monogamous mating system with low rates of extra-pair paternity and biparental care of young. To date, no documented instances of adoption have been published in this species. In two small nesting populations in South Carolina, we documented six cases in three years in which an unpaired Loggerhead Shrike adopted a brood of apparently unrelated nestlings or fledglings, in some cases sharing provisioning duties with the brood’s mother and in two cases taking over care completely while the mothers renested with different males. These adoptions occurred in 3.4% of all nesting attempts and in about 5% of broods that reached the nestling or fledgling stages. In at least five of the adoptions, young survived to independence. All adopters were male, and we documented a male-biased sex ratio among unpaired birds. We surveyed other Loggerhead Shrike researchers and uncovered three instances of similar alloparental care in three other populations, suggesting that this behavior is widespread but previously overlooked. We speculate that adoption by male Loggerhead Shrikes may be adaptive in male-biased populations by increasing the chances of an adopting male subsequently mating with the mother of the chicks he adopted, which happened in two of the six cases","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71043017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00234-940111
L. Silva, E. Guilherme
{"title":"Understory bird assemblage in a riparian environment dominated by Cecropia membranacea (Urticaceae) in southwestern Amazonia","authors":"L. Silva, E. Guilherme","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00234-940111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00234-940111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71043421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kenow, Luke J. Fara, Steven C. Houdek, Brian Gray, D. Heard, Michael Meyer, Timothy J. Fox, R. Kratt, C. Henderson
. Common Loons ( Gavia immer ) winter primarily in marine coastal areas and utilize a forage base that is poorly defined, especially for offshore areas. Information on dive activity is needed for describing foraging strategies and for inferring prey distribution. Archival geolocator tags were used to determine the wintering locations and dive characteristics of adult Common Loons captured and marked on breeding lakes in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Among loons that completed fall migration, most wintered in the Gulf of Mexico, with smaller proportions wintering off the southern Atlantic Coast or impoundments in the southeastern United States. Adult Common Loons tended to occupy offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean and, on average, spent about 60% of daylight hours foraging. Dive depths were as deep as 50 m (Gulf of Mexico) and dive characteristics indicated that loons were primarily foraging on benthic prey. Total dive duration, time at maximum depth, and post-dive surface intervals increased with dive depths among wintering Common Loons. Our results
{"title":"Dive characteristics of Common Loons wintering in the Gulf of Mexico and off the southern U.S. Atlantic coast","authors":"K. Kenow, Luke J. Fara, Steven C. Houdek, Brian Gray, D. Heard, Michael Meyer, Timothy J. Fox, R. Kratt, C. Henderson","doi":"10.5751/jfo-199-940101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-199-940101","url":null,"abstract":". Common Loons ( Gavia immer ) winter primarily in marine coastal areas and utilize a forage base that is poorly defined, especially for offshore areas. Information on dive activity is needed for describing foraging strategies and for inferring prey distribution. Archival geolocator tags were used to determine the wintering locations and dive characteristics of adult Common Loons captured and marked on breeding lakes in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Among loons that completed fall migration, most wintered in the Gulf of Mexico, with smaller proportions wintering off the southern Atlantic Coast or impoundments in the southeastern United States. Adult Common Loons tended to occupy offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean and, on average, spent about 60% of daylight hours foraging. Dive depths were as deep as 50 m (Gulf of Mexico) and dive characteristics indicated that loons were primarily foraging on benthic prey. Total dive duration, time at maximum depth, and post-dive surface intervals increased with dive depths among wintering Common Loons. Our results","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71043489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00318-940304
M. Blake, Megan A. Fylling, D. Leick, Tricia Rodriguez, Katharine R. Stone
. Detecting changes in abundance through time is important for understanding how factors like climate change or habitat conditions affect migrating populations and is limited by our ability to monitor them. We compared two widely used monitoring tools to determine whether they are comparable for detecting relative abundance of migratory birds. This study evaluated how flight calls detected by autonomous recording unit throughout the night compared to diurnal detections of birds captured via standard effort mist netting the following morning at three elevational sites in the Intermountain West. Across all species, mist netting performed better for characterizing species diversity. Among the 21 species detected at least once by both methods, increased detection of nocturnal flight calls was significantly (p = 0.036) but only moderately correlated (r = 0.46) with increases in mist-net captures the following day, demonstrating that the two methods are not adequately equivalent for tracking relative abundance. Each method has strengths as well as limitations
{"title":"Evaluating two avian monitoring tools for detecting relative abundance of species during autumn migration","authors":"M. Blake, Megan A. Fylling, D. Leick, Tricia Rodriguez, Katharine R. Stone","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00318-940304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00318-940304","url":null,"abstract":". Detecting changes in abundance through time is important for understanding how factors like climate change or habitat conditions affect migrating populations and is limited by our ability to monitor them. We compared two widely used monitoring tools to determine whether they are comparable for detecting relative abundance of migratory birds. This study evaluated how flight calls detected by autonomous recording unit throughout the night compared to diurnal detections of birds captured via standard effort mist netting the following morning at three elevational sites in the Intermountain West. Across all species, mist netting performed better for characterizing species diversity. Among the 21 species detected at least once by both methods, increased detection of nocturnal flight calls was significantly (p = 0.036) but only moderately correlated (r = 0.46) with increases in mist-net captures the following day, demonstrating that the two methods are not adequately equivalent for tracking relative abundance. Each method has strengths as well as limitations","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71043695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00369-940405
Fred Schaffner, Michael Hallworth, Miguel Jimenez, Ivelisse Rodríguez-Colón, Nathaniel Seavy
{"title":"Light-level tracking of Northern Waterthrush ( Parkesia noveboracensis ): lessons learned from wintering ground deployments","authors":"Fred Schaffner, Michael Hallworth, Miguel Jimenez, Ivelisse Rodríguez-Colón, Nathaniel Seavy","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00369-940405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00369-940405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134883929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00330-940401
Marie Gaylord, Adam Duarte, Brenda McComb, Jamie Ratliff
. White-headed Woodpeckers ( Dryobates albolarvatus ) are strongly associated with late-successional dry forest types. Callback surveys along transects are typically used to understand their status and trends in response to forest management. However, this survey method has proven to be logistically challenging because of the number of spatial and temporal replicate surveys needed to accurately interpret surveys that yield no detections. Passive acoustic recording units (ARUs) effectively detect certain avian species and may offer a more efficient and effective survey method, but few studies have focused on detecting White-headed Woodpeckers. Our objectives were to: (1) compare detection probabilities of White-headed Woodpeckers between callback surveys and ARUs, and (2) estimate the number of surveys needed to infer White-headed Woodpeckers’ absence under different levels of certainty. We surveyed for White-headed Woodpeckers from 5 May to 15 July 2021 by conducting callback surveys along six transects, with 10 survey stations along each, and deploying ARUs at 25 survey stations across three watersheds in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Oregon, USA. We developed a classifier for White-headed Woodpeckers to detect their two-, three-, and four-note calls in our ARU data. Using single-season occupancy models and Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes, the best fit model indicated that the odds of detecting White-headed Woodpeckers were 1.28 times higher approximately every 10 days into the breeding season and 4.41 times lower when using callback surveys compared to using ARUs. The cumulative detection probability for ARUs ranged from 0.95 to 0.99 after being deployed for 5 and 8 days, respectively. The cumulative detection probability was only 0.15–0.38 after 1 and 3 replicate callback survey(s) at a survey station, respectively. Our study demonstrates that managers can gather more accurate data related to the presence/absence of White-headed Woodpeckers to inform forest management decisions when using a passive acoustic monitoring design.
{"title":"Passive acoustic recorders increase White-headed Woodpecker detectability in the Blue Mountains","authors":"Marie Gaylord, Adam Duarte, Brenda McComb, Jamie Ratliff","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00330-940401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00330-940401","url":null,"abstract":". White-headed Woodpeckers ( Dryobates albolarvatus ) are strongly associated with late-successional dry forest types. Callback surveys along transects are typically used to understand their status and trends in response to forest management. However, this survey method has proven to be logistically challenging because of the number of spatial and temporal replicate surveys needed to accurately interpret surveys that yield no detections. Passive acoustic recording units (ARUs) effectively detect certain avian species and may offer a more efficient and effective survey method, but few studies have focused on detecting White-headed Woodpeckers. Our objectives were to: (1) compare detection probabilities of White-headed Woodpeckers between callback surveys and ARUs, and (2) estimate the number of surveys needed to infer White-headed Woodpeckers’ absence under different levels of certainty. We surveyed for White-headed Woodpeckers from 5 May to 15 July 2021 by conducting callback surveys along six transects, with 10 survey stations along each, and deploying ARUs at 25 survey stations across three watersheds in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Oregon, USA. We developed a classifier for White-headed Woodpeckers to detect their two-, three-, and four-note calls in our ARU data. Using single-season occupancy models and Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes, the best fit model indicated that the odds of detecting White-headed Woodpeckers were 1.28 times higher approximately every 10 days into the breeding season and 4.41 times lower when using callback surveys compared to using ARUs. The cumulative detection probability for ARUs ranged from 0.95 to 0.99 after being deployed for 5 and 8 days, respectively. The cumulative detection probability was only 0.15–0.38 after 1 and 3 replicate callback survey(s) at a survey station, respectively. Our study demonstrates that managers can gather more accurate data related to the presence/absence of White-headed Woodpeckers to inform forest management decisions when using a passive acoustic monitoring design.","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136002925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa L. Grunst, A. Grunst, Margarida Barceló-Serra, Zoé Delefortrie, L. Forrette, E. Tuttle, Rusty A. Gonser
{"title":"Aberrant singing is associated with developmental stress and zero fitness in a male White-throated Sparrow ( Zonotrichia albicollis )","authors":"Melissa L. Grunst, A. Grunst, Margarida Barceló-Serra, Zoé Delefortrie, L. Forrette, E. Tuttle, Rusty A. Gonser","doi":"10.5751/jfo-200-940102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-200-940102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71043521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa Jernakoff, J. Knowlton, Bernarda Vásquez‐Ávila, C. Espinosa, Boris A. Tinoco
{"title":"Effects of land use change on the functional diversity and composition of mixed species avian flocks in the high tropical Andes of southern Ecuador","authors":"Melissa Jernakoff, J. Knowlton, Bernarda Vásquez‐Ávila, C. Espinosa, Boris A. Tinoco","doi":"10.5751/jfo-201-940103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-201-940103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71043584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00277-940208
Olivia Spicer, E. Forys
{"title":"Do larids exhibit sex-biased natal dispersal? A case study of a southwest Florida population of Black Skimmers ( Rynchops niger )","authors":"Olivia Spicer, E. Forys","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00277-940208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00277-940208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71043464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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