Kristen M. Heath-Acre, Clint W. Boal, Daniel P. Collins, Warren C. Conway, William P. Johnson
Within-breeding season movements have not been quantified for Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) breeding on the Southern Great Plains (SGP), where suitable breeding habitat can range from less than 10 km to more than 600 km apart. This mosaic distribution of discrete patches of breeding habitat, combined with weather stochasticity and low densities of Snowy Plovers in Texas and New Mexico, increases the risk of local and regional extirpation. Further, little is known about SGP Snowy Plover migration phenology or winter habitat. We used the Motus Wildlife Tracking System to examine population connectivity, migration phenology, and winter habitat locations of adult Snowy Plovers in the SGP. Movements of Snowy Plovers during the 2017 and 2018 breeding seasons suggest little to no connectivity between the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge population in Oklahoma and populations in Texas and New Mexico. However, several Snowy Plovers in Texas moved to a lake formed by freshwater springs that may have provided higher-quality breeding and foraging habitat. Migrating primarily at night, we found that Snowy Plovers from a breeding area in Oklahoma made migratory movements to Texas and the Louisiana Gulf Coast. These data may be important to long-term conservation and planning efforts relative to understanding regional persistence and connectivity among breeding populations of Snowy Plovers in the SGP. Our results also highlight the need for future studies of wintering habitats used by SGP Snowy Plovers.
{"title":"Using automated telemetry to identify population connectivity and migration phenology of Snowy Plovers breeding in the Southern Great Plains","authors":"Kristen M. Heath-Acre, Clint W. Boal, Daniel P. Collins, Warren C. Conway, William P. Johnson","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12393","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jofo.12393","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within-breeding season movements have not been quantified for Snowy Plovers (<i>Charadrius nivosus</i>) breeding on the Southern Great Plains (SGP), where suitable breeding habitat can range from less than 10 km to more than 600 km apart. This mosaic distribution of discrete patches of breeding habitat, combined with weather stochasticity and low densities of Snowy Plovers in Texas and New Mexico, increases the risk of local and regional extirpation. Further, little is known about SGP Snowy Plover migration phenology or winter habitat. We used the Motus Wildlife Tracking System to examine population connectivity, migration phenology, and winter habitat locations of adult Snowy Plovers in the SGP. Movements of Snowy Plovers during the 2017 and 2018 breeding seasons suggest little to no connectivity between the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge population in Oklahoma and populations in Texas and New Mexico. However, several Snowy Plovers in Texas moved to a lake formed by freshwater springs that may have provided higher-quality breeding and foraging habitat. Migrating primarily at night, we found that Snowy Plovers from a breeding area in Oklahoma made migratory movements to Texas and the Louisiana Gulf Coast. These data may be important to long-term conservation and planning efforts relative to understanding regional persistence and connectivity among breeding populations of Snowy Plovers in the SGP. Our results also highlight the need for future studies of wintering habitats used by SGP Snowy Plovers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"92 4","pages":"461-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47623847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biotic and abiotic environments in bird nests change during the nesting cycle as eggs are laid and incubated and nestlings develop and eventually fledge. Nest-arthropod communities have been studied for many bird species and are commonly sampled after young fledge. However, the population dynamics of arthropods in nests are expected to vary over the nesting cycle as a result of the changing nest environment, in symphony with arthropod life cycles and generation times. Few investigators have examined nest arthropod communities at different stages of the breeding period. We collected nests of Great Tits (Parus major) at the egg stage, nestling stage, and after fledging, and extracted nest arthropods using Berlese funnels and identified them to Primary Taxonomic Groups (PTGs). Total arthropod abundance, as well as abundance of fleas, parasitic mites, and adult predatory beetles, was higher during the nestling stage than after fledging. The abundance of beetle mites decreased from the egg stage to fledging, whereas larval predatory beetles and scavenger flies increased. Thus, our results demonstrate important changes in overall abundance, but also in the trophic structure of nest arthropod communities during the nesting cycle. Our results also suggest that nests collected after fledging may give biased information on the abundance of parasites, or nest-arthropod communities in general, during the nestling stage.
{"title":"Changes in arthropod communities between breeding stages in nests of Great Tits","authors":"Lisa Furu Baardsen, Erik Matthysen","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12390","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jofo.12390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The biotic and abiotic environments in bird nests change during the nesting cycle as eggs are laid and incubated and nestlings develop and eventually fledge. Nest-arthropod communities have been studied for many bird species and are commonly sampled after young fledge. However, the population dynamics of arthropods in nests are expected to vary over the nesting cycle as a result of the changing nest environment, in symphony with arthropod life cycles and generation times. Few investigators have examined nest arthropod communities at different stages of the breeding period. We collected nests of Great Tits (<i>Parus major</i>) at the egg stage, nestling stage, and after fledging, and extracted nest arthropods using Berlese funnels and identified them to Primary Taxonomic Groups (PTGs). Total arthropod abundance, as well as abundance of fleas, parasitic mites, and adult predatory beetles, was higher during the nestling stage than after fledging. The abundance of beetle mites decreased from the egg stage to fledging, whereas larval predatory beetles and scavenger flies increased. Thus, our results demonstrate important changes in overall abundance, but also in the trophic structure of nest arthropod communities during the nesting cycle. Our results also suggest that nests collected after fledging may give biased information on the abundance of parasites, or nest-arthropod communities in general, during the nestling stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"92 4","pages":"518-531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44916830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00124-930301
M. Takagi
. Adventitious replacement is regrowth of accidentally lost feathers outside usual molt periods. To examine the intrinsic factors affecting adventitious replacement, I conducted feather-plucking experiments on White Wagtail ( Motacilla alba lugens ) during the coldest time of the year. I examined sex, age class, and body condition of wagtails as potential factors affecting the ratio of the lengths of regrown rectrices (T4) to their original lengths. I captured and ringed 288 wagtails in January, plucked and measured the length of the right T4, and measured tarsus length and mass. I recaptured 121 of the wagtails approximately 6 weeks later, and plucked and measured their regrown T4s. In a modeling analysis of the ratio of original to fully grown T4, males regrew their T4s to lengths closer to those of their original T4s than did females. Males are presumed to need longer tail feathers than females. Differences in regrowth were not explained by age class. Both adults and yearlings must acquire sufficiently long rectrices for them to achieve full their functionality significance. Individuals in better condition tended to regrow their T4s to lengths closer to those of their original T4s than did individuals in poorer condition. Adventitious replacement may be influenced by body condition in those individuals that finished regrowing their rectrices early. In an analysis of the ratio of original to regrowing T4, the ratio for adults was greater than that for yearlings. Yearlings may be slower than adults to fill the gap left by losing a T4, or juveniles may have begun regrowth of their plucked T4s later than adults. Sex and body condition did not significantly contribute to the model. Because age-class difference in the regrowth speed of T4s might not be influenced by body condition, adventitious replacement is worthy of careful examination in the future in the context of life history strategies. adultos y los juveniles de primer año deben adquirir rectrices suficientemente largas para alcanzar la significancia funcional completa. Individuos en mejores condiciones tendieron a crecer sus T4 a largos más similares que las originales comparado con individuos en peores condiciones. El reemplazo adventicio puede estar influenciado por la condición corporal en aquellos individuos que terminaron el crecimiento de sus rectrices tempranamente. En un análisis de la razón de la longitud de la T4 original y la nueva, la razón de los adultos fue mayor que la de los juveniles. Los juveniles pueden llenar el vacío dejado por la pérdida de la T4 más despacio que los adultos, o los juveniles pueden haber iniciado el crecimiento de las T4 removidas más tarde que los adultos. El sexo y la condición corporal no contribuyeron significativamente en el modelo. Debido a que las diferencias en la velocidad de crecimiento de las T4 por clase etaria pueden no estar influenciado por la condición corporal, es importante la exploración cuidadosa del remplazo adventicio en el futur
． 意外替换是指意外脱落的羽毛在正常蜕皮期之外重新生长。为了研究影响非自然更替的内在因素，我在一年中最冷的时候对白鹡鸥(Motacilla alba lugens)进行了拔毛实验。我研究了性别、年龄等级和身体状况，作为影响再长尾(T4)与原始长度之比的潜在因素。1月捕获和圈养鹡鸰288只，拔尾测量右侧T4长度，测量跗趾长度和质量。大约6周后，我重新捕获了121尾鹡鸰，拔下并测量了它们重新生长的t4。在对原始T4与完全成熟T4比例的建模分析中，雄性的T4比雌性的T4长得更接近原始T4的长度。雄性被认为需要比雌性更长的尾羽。再生的差异不能用年龄阶层来解释。成年和一岁的幼崽都必须获得足够长的记忆，以充分发挥其功能意义。条件较好的个体比条件较差的个体更倾向于将t4重新长到接近原始t4的长度。对于那些提前完成再植的个体，非自然置换可能受到身体状况的影响。在对原始和再生T4比值的分析中，成年的比值大于一岁的比值。一岁的幼鸟可能比成年鸟更慢地填补失去T4后留下的空白，或者幼鸟可能比成年鸟更晚开始再生被拔下的T4。性别和身体状况对模型没有显著影响。由于T4s再生速度的年龄组差异可能不受身体状况的影响，因此在未来的生活史策略背景下，非自然替代值得仔细研究。成虫与幼虫之间的关系año幼虫与幼虫之间的关系，幼虫与幼虫之间的关系，幼虫与幼虫之间的关系，幼虫与幼虫之间的关系，具有重要的功能完整性。个体在不同的条件下倾向于与个体在不同的条件下比较，而个体在不同的条件下倾向于与个体在不同的条件下比较más相似。在我们的国家中，有一种新的发展趋势，即在我们的国家中有一种趋势，即在我们的国家中有一种趋势，即在我们的国家中有一种趋势。En un análisis de la razón de la longitude de la T4原来是由la nueva, la razón de los adultos fufues mayor que la de los juvenile。未成年人被判处死刑vacío未成年人被判处死刑vacío未成年人被判处死刑más未成年人被判处死刑vacío未成年人被判处死刑más未成年人被判处死刑。El - sexo由la condición下士对El模型的显著性没有贡献。在发展的速度和发展的过程中，在发展的速度和发展的过程中，在发展的速度和发展的过程中，在发展的速度和发展的过程中，在发展的历史和发展的过程中，在发展的历史和发展的过程中，在发展的历史和发展的过程中，在发展的历史和发展的过程中，在发展的历史和发展的过程中，在发展的历史和发展的过程中。
{"title":"Replacement of rectrices by wintering White Wagtails: an experiment to examine effects of sex, age, and body condition","authors":"M. Takagi","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00124-930301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00124-930301","url":null,"abstract":". Adventitious replacement is regrowth of accidentally lost feathers outside usual molt periods. To examine the intrinsic factors affecting adventitious replacement, I conducted feather-plucking experiments on White Wagtail ( Motacilla alba lugens ) during the coldest time of the year. I examined sex, age class, and body condition of wagtails as potential factors affecting the ratio of the lengths of regrown rectrices (T4) to their original lengths. I captured and ringed 288 wagtails in January, plucked and measured the length of the right T4, and measured tarsus length and mass. I recaptured 121 of the wagtails approximately 6 weeks later, and plucked and measured their regrown T4s. In a modeling analysis of the ratio of original to fully grown T4, males regrew their T4s to lengths closer to those of their original T4s than did females. Males are presumed to need longer tail feathers than females. Differences in regrowth were not explained by age class. Both adults and yearlings must acquire sufficiently long rectrices for them to achieve full their functionality significance. Individuals in better condition tended to regrow their T4s to lengths closer to those of their original T4s than did individuals in poorer condition. Adventitious replacement may be influenced by body condition in those individuals that finished regrowing their rectrices early. In an analysis of the ratio of original to regrowing T4, the ratio for adults was greater than that for yearlings. Yearlings may be slower than adults to fill the gap left by losing a T4, or juveniles may have begun regrowth of their plucked T4s later than adults. Sex and body condition did not significantly contribute to the model. Because age-class difference in the regrowth speed of T4s might not be influenced by body condition, adventitious replacement is worthy of careful examination in the future in the context of life history strategies. adultos y los juveniles de primer año deben adquirir rectrices suficientemente largas para alcanzar la significancia funcional completa. Individuos en mejores condiciones tendieron a crecer sus T4 a largos más similares que las originales comparado con individuos en peores condiciones. El reemplazo adventicio puede estar influenciado por la condición corporal en aquellos individuos que terminaron el crecimiento de sus rectrices tempranamente. En un análisis de la razón de la longitud de la T4 original y la nueva, la razón de los adultos fue mayor que la de los juveniles. Los juveniles pueden llenar el vacío dejado por la pérdida de la T4 más despacio que los adultos, o los juveniles pueden haber iniciado el crecimiento de las T4 removidas más tarde que los adultos. El sexo y la condición corporal no contribuyeron significativamente en el modelo. Debido a que las diferencias en la velocidad de crecimiento de las T4 por clase etaria pueden no estar influenciado por la condición corporal, es importante la exploración cuidadosa del remplazo adventicio en el futur","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71041736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00136-930403
Evan J. Buck, Jeffery D. Sullivan, Claire S. Teitelbaum, D. Brinker, P. C. Mcgowan, D. Prosser
{"title":"An evaluation of transmitter effects on adult and juvenile Common Terns using leg-loop harness attachments","authors":"Evan J. Buck, Jeffery D. Sullivan, Claire S. Teitelbaum, D. Brinker, P. C. Mcgowan, D. Prosser","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00136-930403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00136-930403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71042000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00177-930402
Mitchell A. Parsons, Susan T. Meiman, S. A. Muñoz, A. Bridges
. Nest monitoring and the use of camera systems can provide researchers with reproductive data integral to the successful management and recovery of threatened and endangered avian species. From 2012 to 2019, we used cameras to monitor 110 nests of the threatened San Clemente Bell’s Sparrow ( Artemisiospiza belli clementeae ) to identify nest predators and evaluate threats to their recovery on San Clemente Island (SCI). We evaluated the effects of winter precipitation, nest initiation date, and nest substrate on nest survival rates. We also used cameras to identify and estimate cause-specific mortality rates from native and non-native nest predators. We did not observe significant impacts of precipitation or nest initiation date on nest survival. Nests in California boxthorn ( Lycium californicum ) had significantly lower survival rates than nests in other substrates. The native San Clemente Island fox ( Urocyon littoralis clementae ) was the most common nest predator, followed by non-native black rats ( Rattus rattus ). Overall, nests were much more likely to be predated by native than non-native predators. This suggests that San Clemente Bell’s Sparrows could achieve recovery despite the presence of non-native predators. Our findings help describe and quantify the breeding ecology of San Clemente Bell’s Sparrows, providing necessary information for data-driven management and recovery efforts. manejo y recuperación basados en los datos.
． 巢监测和摄像系统的使用可以为研究人员提供成功管理和恢复受威胁和濒危鸟类物种不可或缺的生殖数据。从2012年到2019年，我们用摄像机监测了110个受威胁的圣克莱门特贝尔麻雀(Artemisiospiza belli clementeae)的巢穴，以识别巢穴捕食者并评估其在圣克莱门特岛(SCI)恢复的威胁。我们评估了冬季降水、筑巢日期和筑巢基质对巢存活率的影响。我们还使用摄像机来识别和估计本地和非本地巢穴捕食者的病因特异性死亡率。我们没有观察到降水或筑巢日期对巢存活的显著影响。以加州杨梅(Lycium californicum)为基质的巢存活率显著低于其他基质。本地圣克莱门特岛狐(Urocyon littoralis clementae)是最常见的巢捕食者，其次是非本地黑鼠(Rattus Rattus)。总的来说，巢穴更有可能被本地捕食者比非本地捕食者捕食。这表明，尽管存在非本地捕食者，圣克莱门特贝尔麻雀仍然可以实现恢复。我们的发现有助于描述和量化圣克莱门特贝尔麻雀的繁殖生态，为数据驱动的管理和恢复工作提供必要的信息。Manejo y recuperación basados en los datos。
{"title":"Nest survival and cause-specific nest mortality in the San Clemente Bell’s Sparrow","authors":"Mitchell A. Parsons, Susan T. Meiman, S. A. Muñoz, A. Bridges","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00177-930402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00177-930402","url":null,"abstract":". Nest monitoring and the use of camera systems can provide researchers with reproductive data integral to the successful management and recovery of threatened and endangered avian species. From 2012 to 2019, we used cameras to monitor 110 nests of the threatened San Clemente Bell’s Sparrow ( Artemisiospiza belli clementeae ) to identify nest predators and evaluate threats to their recovery on San Clemente Island (SCI). We evaluated the effects of winter precipitation, nest initiation date, and nest substrate on nest survival rates. We also used cameras to identify and estimate cause-specific mortality rates from native and non-native nest predators. We did not observe significant impacts of precipitation or nest initiation date on nest survival. Nests in California boxthorn ( Lycium californicum ) had significantly lower survival rates than nests in other substrates. The native San Clemente Island fox ( Urocyon littoralis clementae ) was the most common nest predator, followed by non-native black rats ( Rattus rattus ). Overall, nests were much more likely to be predated by native than non-native predators. This suggests that San Clemente Bell’s Sparrows could achieve recovery despite the presence of non-native predators. Our findings help describe and quantify the breeding ecology of San Clemente Bell’s Sparrows, providing necessary information for data-driven management and recovery efforts. manejo y recuperación basados en los datos.","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71042037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00133-930303
Elise Zarri, T. E. Martin
. Advances in understanding geographic patterns of life history variation depend on documentation of life history traits for species in poorly studied regions. In the tropics, most species have not had their life history traits described. We compared the reproductive biology of two closely related Muscicapids, the Bornean Whistling-Thrush ( Myophonus borneensis ) and the Bornean subspecies of the White-crowned Forktail ( Enicurus leschenaulti borneensis ), coexisting in Mount Kinabalu Park in Sabah, Malaysia. Both species specialize in riparian habitats, but whistling-thrushes are more adaptable to human presence and can be found nesting on and foraging around buildings, whereas forktails are more wary of humans. We located and monitored 77 forktail nests and 130 whistling-thrush nests from 2009 to 2020. Mean clutch size was 2.00 ± 0.04 for forktails and 1.89 ± 0.04 for whistling-thrushes. Mean egg mass at lay was 4.07 ± 0.04 g for forktails and 11.65 ± 0.12 g for whistling-thrushes. Forktail incubation period (17.0 ± 0.42 d) was slightly shorter than for whistling-thrush (18.6 ± 0.19 d), but both species had similar rates of incubation attentiveness
{"title":"A comparison of the breeding biology of the Bornean Whistling-Thrush (Myophonus borneensis) and White-crowned Forktail (Enicurus leschenaulti borneensis)","authors":"Elise Zarri, T. E. Martin","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00133-930303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00133-930303","url":null,"abstract":". Advances in understanding geographic patterns of life history variation depend on documentation of life history traits for species in poorly studied regions. In the tropics, most species have not had their life history traits described. We compared the reproductive biology of two closely related Muscicapids, the Bornean Whistling-Thrush ( Myophonus borneensis ) and the Bornean subspecies of the White-crowned Forktail ( Enicurus leschenaulti borneensis ), coexisting in Mount Kinabalu Park in Sabah, Malaysia. Both species specialize in riparian habitats, but whistling-thrushes are more adaptable to human presence and can be found nesting on and foraging around buildings, whereas forktails are more wary of humans. We located and monitored 77 forktail nests and 130 whistling-thrush nests from 2009 to 2020. Mean clutch size was 2.00 ± 0.04 for forktails and 1.89 ± 0.04 for whistling-thrushes. Mean egg mass at lay was 4.07 ± 0.04 g for forktails and 11.65 ± 0.12 g for whistling-thrushes. Forktail incubation period (17.0 ± 0.42 d) was slightly shorter than for whistling-thrush (18.6 ± 0.19 d), but both species had similar rates of incubation attentiveness","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71042334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00175-930401
M. Analla, Pilar Fernández-Rodríguez, Noelia Martínez-Medina, C. Azorit
{"title":"Sexing Eurasian Eagle Owls by external body and skeletal measurements","authors":"M. Analla, Pilar Fernández-Rodríguez, Noelia Martínez-Medina, C. Azorit","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00175-930401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00175-930401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71042406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00073-930103
M. Moyer, Evangeline M. Rose, D'Juan A. Moreland, Aiman Raza, Sean M. Brown, Alexis L. Scarselletta, B. Lohr, Karan J. Odom, K. E. Omland
. Female birds in many temperate species are thought to sing reduced or quieter songs and appear to sing less often than their male counterparts. Therefore, female song may be easily overlooked. Increasingly, researchers are recording female song in well-studied species previously assumed to have little or no female song. In this study, we document the extensive use of female song in Orchard Orioles ( Icterus spurius ), a species with delayed plumage maturation where female song had not been well-documented. Based on observations of females singing in the early breeding season, we hypothesized that female song may function for mate attraction. To formally investigate whether females sing specifically early in the season, we assessed singing rates of each sex throughout the breeding season. We also performed detailed acoustic analyses comparing male and female song structure. Females sang significantly less often than males, and female and male songs were statistically different for five of eight variables investigated, indicating that the two en cinco de las ocho variables investigadas, indicando que los dos sexos cantan cantos acústicamente diferentes. Sin embargo, las hembras también cantaron más frecuentemente que lo asumido inicialmente, sugiriendo que los investigadores pueden estar pasando por alto el canto de las hembras de otras especies si no lo están buscando directamente, en particular en especies en donde los machos de primer año y las hembras tienen coloraciones similares. Por lo tanto, este estudio resaltamos la necesidad de re-explorar sistemas bien estudiados. Se requiere más investigación para determinar si el canto de las hembras tiene una función y como es esta función.
． 许多温带物种的雌鸟被认为唱得更少或更安静，似乎比它们的雄鸟更少唱歌。因此，女声很容易被忽视。越来越多的研究人员开始在之前被认为很少或没有雌歌的物种中记录雌歌。在这项研究中，我们记录了雌歌在果园黄鹂(Icterus spurius)中的广泛使用，这是一个羽毛成熟延迟的物种，在那里雌歌没有得到很好的记录。根据对早期繁殖季节雌性鸣叫的观察，我们假设雌性鸣叫可能具有吸引配偶的功能。为了正式调查雌性是否在繁殖季节早期鸣叫，我们评估了整个繁殖季节中两性的鸣叫率。我们还进行了详细的声学分析，比较了雄性和雌性的歌曲结构。女性唱歌的频率明显低于男性，在调查的8个变量中，女性和男性的歌曲在统计学上有5个不同，这表明这两个变量调查的结果不同，indicando que los dos sexos cantan cantos acústicamente不同。在禁运期间，洪都拉斯洪都拉斯的材料材料和材料材料(材料材料和材料材料)经常被认为是一种官方行为，洪都拉斯洪都拉斯的调查人员被认为是一种官方行为(材料材料和材料材料)，特别是两种非法材料(材料材料和材料材料)被认为是一种非法材料(año)。穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷穷我们需要más investigación para确定的是，在所有的文本中，每个文本中都包含función，而每个文本都包含función。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00074-930105
Bradley P. Wilkinson, P. Jodice
Colonial seabirds often display high rates of interannual site fidelity to breeding locations, especially as adults. Species using more nearshore or coastal systems, however, may display comparatively less fidelity than highly pelagic species. We used longterm GPS tracking data to assess the frequency of interannual colony switching in Eastern Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis) in the South Atlantic Bight, a species about which adult site fidelity is poorly understood. By using recursive behavioral patterns to identify nest locations, we report 36% of reproductive attempts occurred at colonies that were different from the colony used in a prior year. Colony switching was especially prevalent in female pelicans, and distances between switched colonies ranged from 56 to 592 km. We suggest that long-term telemetry may be a reliable tool for assessing interannual breeding site fidelity, especially when compared to more traditional band resighting efforts. RESUMEN. Las aves marinas coloniales con frecuencia muestra una alta fidelidad interanual en la ubicación de la reproducción, especialmente como adultos. Las especies que usan sistemas cerca de la costa o costales, sin embargo, pueden mostrar comparativamente menor fidelidad que las especies pelágicas. Utilizamos datos de largo plazo de rastreadores GPS para determinar la frecuencia de cambio interanual de colonias por Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis en la bahía del sur del atlántico, una especie sobre la cual la fidelidad de los adultos es poco entendida. Por medio del uso de patrones comportamentales recursivos, para identificar la ubicación de los nidos, reportamos que el 36% de los intentos de reproducción ocurrieron en colonias diferentes a las colonias utilizadas el año anterior. El intercambio de colonias fue especialmente prevalente en pelicanos hembra y las distancias entre las colonias tuvieron un rango entre 56 y 592 km. Sugerimos que la telemetría a largo plazo puede ser una herramienta confiable para determinar la fidelidad de sitios de reproducción interanual, especialmente cuando es comparada con métodos más tradicionales de anillamiento y reavistamiento.
群居海鸟对繁殖地点的年际忠诚度通常很高，尤其是成年海鸟。然而，使用更多近岸或沿海系统的物种可能比高度远洋的物种显示相对较低的保真度。我们使用长期的GPS跟踪数据来评估南大西洋湾东褐鹈鹕(Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis)的年际群体转换频率，这是一种对成年地点保真度知之甚少的物种。通过使用递归行为模式来确定巢穴位置，我们报告36%的繁殖尝试发生在与上一年不同的殖民地。群体转换在雌鹈鹕中尤其普遍，转换群体之间的距离从56到592公里不等。我们认为，长期遥测可能是评估年际繁殖地点保真度的可靠工具，特别是与更传统的波段重测工作相比。RESUMEN。Las aves marinas colonales con frerecucia musea una alta fidelidad interannual en la ubicación de la reproducción，特别是como adult。在美国，最具代表性的国家是古巴，最具代表性的国家是古巴，最具代表性的国家是古巴pelágicas。利用大型露天广场的GPS数据，确定西洋象卡洛林的年际殖民地的年际变化情况，特别是对成人的年际变化情况，特别是对儿童的年际变化情况，特别是对儿童的年际变化情况，特别是对儿童的年际变化情况，特别是对儿童的年际变化情况。Por medio del uso de patroones comcomentales recursivos, para identiar la ubicación de los nidos, reportamos que el 36% de los intentos de reproducción发生在不同的结肠和利用的结肠和año前结肠。在距离为56至592公里的区域内，这种疾病在鹈鹕中尤为普遍。1 .关于大广场- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5751/jfo-00143-930302
J. Strassmann, Bruna Mayer de Souza, Alice Van Zoeren, W. Scharf
{"title":"A pattern and procedure for sewing bird bags for bird banders and ringers","authors":"J. Strassmann, Bruna Mayer de Souza, Alice Van Zoeren, W. Scharf","doi":"10.5751/jfo-00143-930302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5751/jfo-00143-930302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Field Ornithology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71042146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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