Pub Date : 2011-09-30DOI: 10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.210
J. Ann, Mak-Soon Lee, H. Joo, Chong-Tai Kim, Yangha Kim
Capsaicin is a pungent component of red pepper, which is widely consumed as food adjuncts. The present study was performed to investigate anti-obesity effects of capsaicin in diet-induced obese rats. Male Sprague- Dawley rats (n=14) were fed with a high-fat diet (Control) or high-fat diet containing 0.016% capsaicin (w/w) (Capsaicin) for 8 weeks. The final body weight and the mass of white adipose tissue were significantly lower in capsaicin supplemented group compared to control. Dietary capsaicin ameliorated lipid profiles with decrease in the plasma concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and decrease in the levels of total lipids and triglycerides in the liver. Activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), an indicator of triglyceride biosynthesis in white adipose tissue, decreased by 35% in the group supplemented with capsaicin. However, consumption of capsaicin increased the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in white adipose tissue, which is related to energy consumption. Our data suggests that capsaicin may reduce body weight and fat accumulation in high fat diet-induced obese rats. These effects may be mediated, at least partially, by the upregulation of UCP2 gene expression and its ability to inhibit GPDH activity.
{"title":"Reduction of body weight by capsaicin is associated with inhibition of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and stimulation of uncoupling protein 2 mRNA expression in diet-induced obese rats","authors":"J. Ann, Mak-Soon Lee, H. Joo, Chong-Tai Kim, Yangha Kim","doi":"10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.210","url":null,"abstract":"Capsaicin is a pungent component of red pepper, which is widely consumed as food adjuncts. The present study was performed to investigate anti-obesity effects of capsaicin in diet-induced obese rats. Male Sprague- Dawley rats (n=14) were fed with a high-fat diet (Control) or high-fat diet containing 0.016% capsaicin (w/w) (Capsaicin) for 8 weeks. The final body weight and the mass of white adipose tissue were significantly lower in capsaicin supplemented group compared to control. Dietary capsaicin ameliorated lipid profiles with decrease in the plasma concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and decrease in the levels of total lipids and triglycerides in the liver. Activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), an indicator of triglyceride biosynthesis in white adipose tissue, decreased by 35% in the group supplemented with capsaicin. However, consumption of capsaicin increased the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in white adipose tissue, which is related to energy consumption. Our data suggests that capsaicin may reduce body weight and fat accumulation in high fat diet-induced obese rats. These effects may be mediated, at least partially, by the upregulation of UCP2 gene expression and its ability to inhibit GPDH activity.","PeriodicalId":15791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"210-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73115994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-30DOI: 10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.278
Yeonmi Lee, Kyung-Tack Kim, H. Bae, S. Choi
In this study, coffee was shown to effectively inhibit L6 muscle cell death and ATP reduction induced by hydrogen peroxide damage. Additionally, two weeks of oral administration of 7 mg/kg coffee extracts to mice resulted in a 33% increase in treadmill running time relative to that seen in the distilled water administered group. Blood analysis showed decreased lactate content, which was increased by exercise. Thus, these data suggest that coffee intake may enhance exercise capacity and inhibit damage due to excessive exercise.
{"title":"Effects of Coffee on Physical Performance in Mice","authors":"Yeonmi Lee, Kyung-Tack Kim, H. Bae, S. Choi","doi":"10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.278","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, coffee was shown to effectively inhibit L6 muscle cell death and ATP reduction induced by hydrogen peroxide damage. Additionally, two weeks of oral administration of 7 mg/kg coffee extracts to mice resulted in a 33% increase in treadmill running time relative to that seen in the distilled water administered group. Blood analysis showed decreased lactate content, which was increased by exercise. Thus, these data suggest that coffee intake may enhance exercise capacity and inhibit damage due to excessive exercise.","PeriodicalId":15791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Nutrition","volume":"29 1","pages":"278-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85717568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-30DOI: 10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.202
Soo-Jung Lee, Jung-Hye Shin, Min‐Jung Kang, Mi-Ju Kim, Sung-Hee Kim, N. Sung
This study was initiated to investigate the effects of lyophilized purslane (Portulaca oleracea) powder (5% and 10%) on lipid levels in rats fed a hypercholesterolemia-inducing diet (1% cholesterol). During the four week study, there were no significant differences in either weight change or the food efficiency ratio between the group fed the hypercholesterol diet alone (HC) and the groups fed the purslane powder (HCPO-I and HCPO-II, 5% and 10% purslane, respectively). In serum, the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-C decreased significantly for the group fed the 10% purslane powder (HCPO-II) in comparison with the group fed the 5% purslane powder (HCPO-I). The atherogenic index (AI) was reduced by about 51% for the group fed the 10% purslane powder (1.47) in comparison with the HC group (3.03). The activities of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH decreased significantly for the groups fed the purslane powder in comparison with the HC group. Regarding liver tissue, the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased significantly for the purslane powder-fed rats compared to the HC group. The fecal lipid profiles increased significantly as the amount of purslane powder was increased. Compared to the HC group, the fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in the group fed the 10% purslane powder by about 2.8 times and 2.3 times, respectively. For the serum and liver tissue, the content of lipid peroxide decreased significantly in the groups fed purslane powder compared to the HC group. The data from this experiment show an increase in the lipid levels discharged in feces, suggesting that the supplementation of purslane powder to a hypercholesterolemia-inducing diet reduces lipid levels.
{"title":"Effects of Portulaca oleracea Powder on the Lipid Levels of Rats Fed a Hypercholesterolemia Inducing Diet","authors":"Soo-Jung Lee, Jung-Hye Shin, Min‐Jung Kang, Mi-Ju Kim, Sung-Hee Kim, N. Sung","doi":"10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.202","url":null,"abstract":"This study was initiated to investigate the effects of lyophilized purslane (Portulaca oleracea) powder (5% and 10%) on lipid levels in rats fed a hypercholesterolemia-inducing diet (1% cholesterol). During the four week study, there were no significant differences in either weight change or the food efficiency ratio between the group fed the hypercholesterol diet alone (HC) and the groups fed the purslane powder (HCPO-I and HCPO-II, 5% and 10% purslane, respectively). In serum, the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-C decreased significantly for the group fed the 10% purslane powder (HCPO-II) in comparison with the group fed the 5% purslane powder (HCPO-I). The atherogenic index (AI) was reduced by about 51% for the group fed the 10% purslane powder (1.47) in comparison with the HC group (3.03). The activities of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH decreased significantly for the groups fed the purslane powder in comparison with the HC group. Regarding liver tissue, the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased significantly for the purslane powder-fed rats compared to the HC group. The fecal lipid profiles increased significantly as the amount of purslane powder was increased. Compared to the HC group, the fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in the group fed the 10% purslane powder by about 2.8 times and 2.3 times, respectively. For the serum and liver tissue, the content of lipid peroxide decreased significantly in the groups fed purslane powder compared to the HC group. The data from this experiment show an increase in the lipid levels discharged in feces, suggesting that the supplementation of purslane powder to a hypercholesterolemia-inducing diet reduces lipid levels.","PeriodicalId":15791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Nutrition","volume":"153 1","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79687134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-30DOI: 10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.261
Bo-Su Lee, Yong-Hee Choi, Wonyoung Lee
AbstractSupercritical CO 2 pretreatment before dehydration leads to a faster dehydration rate. The best supercritical CO 2 pretreatment conditions for the most effective dehydration were 45 o C, 25 MPa and 55 o C, 25 MPa. Increasing pressure of the supercritical CO 2 pretreatment system tended to accelerate the dehydration rate more than increas-ing temperature did. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures showed greater shrinking and pore distribution on scanning electron microscopy. Control samples maintained their cell walls, whereas samples pre-treated at higher temperatures and pressures showed more cell disruption, and more pores were observed. Pore sizes of control and pretreated samples were about 100 and 70～80 μm, respectively. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures had smaller pores and a denser distribution. Key words: dehydration, pretreatment, rehydration, supercritical carbon dioxide
AbstractSupercritical CO 2 pretreatment before dehydration leads to a faster dehydration rate. The best supercritical CO 2 pretreatment conditions for the most effective dehydration were 45 o C, 25 MPa and 55 o C, 25 MPa. Increasing pressure of the supercritical CO 2 pretreatment system tended to accelerate the dehydration rate more than increas-ing temperature did. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures showed greater shrinking and pore distribution on scanning electron microscopy. Control samples maintained their cell walls, whereas samples pre-treated at higher temperatures and pressures showed more cell disruption, and more pores were observed. Pore sizes of control and pretreated samples were about 100 and 70～80 μm, respectively. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures had smaller pores and a denser distribution. Key words: dehydration, pretreatment, rehydration, supercritical carbon dioxide
{"title":"Drying Characteristics of Apple Slabs after Pretreatment with Supercritical CO 2","authors":"Bo-Su Lee, Yong-Hee Choi, Wonyoung Lee","doi":"10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.261","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSupercritical CO 2 pretreatment before dehydration leads to a faster dehydration rate. The best supercritical CO 2 pretreatment conditions for the most effective dehydration were 45 o C, 25 MPa and 55 o C, 25 MPa. Increasing pressure of the supercritical CO 2 pretreatment system tended to accelerate the dehydration rate more than increas-ing temperature did. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures showed greater shrinking and pore distribution on scanning electron microscopy. Control samples maintained their cell walls, whereas samples pre-treated at higher temperatures and pressures showed more cell disruption, and more pores were observed. Pore sizes of control and pretreated samples were about 100 and 70～80 μm, respectively. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures had smaller pores and a denser distribution. Key words: dehydration, pretreatment, rehydration, supercritical carbon dioxide \u000e ","PeriodicalId":15791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Nutrition","volume":"71 1","pages":"261-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85895725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-30DOI: 10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.230
Hana Jung, J. Jeong, H. Cheon, J. Choi, Hyunnho Cho, Changho Jhin, K. Hwang
Roasted and retorted (RR) chestnuts develop green pigment spots on their surface during storage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the green pigment using RAW 264.7, MOLT-4, KATOⅢ and HT-29 cells. The pigment scraped from RR chestnuts (GP), whole RR chestnuts with green pigment spots (GC), whole RR chestnuts without green pigment (WC) and roasted and frozen stored chestnuts (FC) were extracted in 10% DMSO. MOLT-4 cells were less resistant to the cytotoxicity of the chestnut extracts than the RAW 264.7 cells. The GP extracts did not show different responses against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and LPS-induced NO production compared to the other extracts. The chestnut extracts did not have proliferative activity on either of the KATOⅢ or HT-29 cells (p>0.05). Our results from the comparison of the green pigment produced on the surface of the RR chestnuts to chestnuts that do not develop the green pigment suggest that the pigment may not be harmful in terms of either cytotoxicity towards immune cells or proliferation of gastrointestinal cancer cells.
{"title":"Analysis of the Cytotoxicity of Green Pigment Produced on the Surface of Roasted and Retorted Chestnuts Using Immune Cells and Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells","authors":"Hana Jung, J. Jeong, H. Cheon, J. Choi, Hyunnho Cho, Changho Jhin, K. Hwang","doi":"10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.230","url":null,"abstract":"Roasted and retorted (RR) chestnuts develop green pigment spots on their surface during storage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the green pigment using RAW 264.7, MOLT-4, KATOⅢ and HT-29 cells. The pigment scraped from RR chestnuts (GP), whole RR chestnuts with green pigment spots (GC), whole RR chestnuts without green pigment (WC) and roasted and frozen stored chestnuts (FC) were extracted in 10% DMSO. MOLT-4 cells were less resistant to the cytotoxicity of the chestnut extracts than the RAW 264.7 cells. The GP extracts did not show different responses against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and LPS-induced NO production compared to the other extracts. The chestnut extracts did not have proliferative activity on either of the KATOⅢ or HT-29 cells (p>0.05). Our results from the comparison of the green pigment produced on the surface of the RR chestnuts to chestnuts that do not develop the green pigment suggest that the pigment may not be harmful in terms of either cytotoxicity towards immune cells or proliferation of gastrointestinal cancer cells.","PeriodicalId":15791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Nutrition","volume":"538 1","pages":"230-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78164414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-30DOI: 10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.267
D. An
Static Headspace Gas Chromatographic analysis was used to study the partitioning behavior of five organic printing ink solvents between chocolate cookie/air systems. Three cookie sample formulations varied with respect to chocolate type and overall percentage of constituents. Major considerations involved differences in fat content and type and resulting variability in chemical and physical structure. Each of the solvents studied (ethyl acetate, hexane, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene) represents a general class of printing ink solvents based on predominate functional group. Values of the partitioning coefficient (Kp) were determined at equilibrium using measured quantities of both solvent and cookie sample in closed systems at temperature of 25, 35, and 45˚C. In each of the three cookies at the three test temperatures, toluene always exhibited the greatest value of partitioning to cookie and hexane always exhibited the least. Results also showed that the partitioning behavior of solvents is generally inversely related to temperature and that solvent affinity, though constant for a particular cookie type over all test temperatures, varies significantly among the three cookie types. The preference of each of the five solvents for each cookie sample was also found to vary with temperature. No correlation was found between the extent of partitioning and cookie formulation or physical characteristic of solvent. The Hildebrand parameter, related to ΔHmix (heat of mixing), may be used to describe differences in partitioning based on the overall potential of a solvent/cookie interaction to occur. The potential for interaction is dependent upon the chemical structure of the cookie sample and thus the availability of 'active-sites' required for a given solvent.
{"title":"Partitioning Behavior of Selected Printing Ink Solvents between Headspace and Chocolate Cookie Samples","authors":"D. An","doi":"10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.267","url":null,"abstract":"Static Headspace Gas Chromatographic analysis was used to study the partitioning behavior of five organic printing ink solvents between chocolate cookie/air systems. Three cookie sample formulations varied with respect to chocolate type and overall percentage of constituents. Major considerations involved differences in fat content and type and resulting variability in chemical and physical structure. Each of the solvents studied (ethyl acetate, hexane, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene) represents a general class of printing ink solvents based on predominate functional group. Values of the partitioning coefficient (Kp) were determined at equilibrium using measured quantities of both solvent and cookie sample in closed systems at temperature of 25, 35, and 45˚C. In each of the three cookies at the three test temperatures, toluene always exhibited the greatest value of partitioning to cookie and hexane always exhibited the least. Results also showed that the partitioning behavior of solvents is generally inversely related to temperature and that solvent affinity, though constant for a particular cookie type over all test temperatures, varies significantly among the three cookie types. The preference of each of the five solvents for each cookie sample was also found to vary with temperature. No correlation was found between the extent of partitioning and cookie formulation or physical characteristic of solvent. The Hildebrand parameter, related to ΔHmix (heat of mixing), may be used to describe differences in partitioning based on the overall potential of a solvent/cookie interaction to occur. The potential for interaction is dependent upon the chemical structure of the cookie sample and thus the availability of 'active-sites' required for a given solvent.","PeriodicalId":15791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Nutrition","volume":"17 1","pages":"267-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86123578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-30DOI: 10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.242
Weicheng Hu, Woong Han, Yunyao Jiang, Myeon-Hyeon Wang, Young-Mee Lee
The methanolic extract of Rosa davurica Pall. roots exhibited strong antioxidant activity in a 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and was found to be a dose-dependent inhibitor of non-enzymatic formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are relevant to diabetes complications. HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) analysis of the R. davurica Pall. root extract led to the identification of four compounds: hydrocaffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and ellagic acid. Catechin was present in the largest amount and exhibited high antiglycation activity. A CYP3A4 assay was used to investigate potential interactions between drugs and the extract, and results suggest that the R. davurica Pall. root extract had moderate potential for interfering with drug metabolism. The R. davurica Pall. extract did not display anti-inflammatory activity on the level of that for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage assay; however, the extract did exhibit low to moderate immunostimulatory activity in a pro-inflammatory macrophage assay. Therefore, we conclude that R. davurica Pall. root is a promising anti-AGE agent with low to moderate risks of associated inflammation or drug interaction.
{"title":"Biological Activity and Inhibition of Non-Enzymatic Glycation by Methanolic Extract of Rosa davurica Pall. Roots","authors":"Weicheng Hu, Woong Han, Yunyao Jiang, Myeon-Hyeon Wang, Young-Mee Lee","doi":"10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.242","url":null,"abstract":"The methanolic extract of Rosa davurica Pall. roots exhibited strong antioxidant activity in a 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and was found to be a dose-dependent inhibitor of non-enzymatic formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are relevant to diabetes complications. HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) analysis of the R. davurica Pall. root extract led to the identification of four compounds: hydrocaffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and ellagic acid. Catechin was present in the largest amount and exhibited high antiglycation activity. A CYP3A4 assay was used to investigate potential interactions between drugs and the extract, and results suggest that the R. davurica Pall. root extract had moderate potential for interfering with drug metabolism. The R. davurica Pall. extract did not display anti-inflammatory activity on the level of that for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage assay; however, the extract did exhibit low to moderate immunostimulatory activity in a pro-inflammatory macrophage assay. Therefore, we conclude that R. davurica Pall. root is a promising anti-AGE agent with low to moderate risks of associated inflammation or drug interaction.","PeriodicalId":15791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Nutrition","volume":"9 1","pages":"242-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78294697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-30DOI: 10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.195
S. Hahm, Ji-Eun Park, Y. Son
Opuntia humifusa contains high levels of antioxidants including vitamin C, flavonoids and polyphenols, which may provide beneficial effects such as hypolipidemic activity and the reduction of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. This study was conducted to determine if the intake of O. humifusa seeds powder (OHS) regulates lipid concentrations, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in the serum of ovariectomized rats. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to either a sham-operated group (Sham) or one of the following four ovariectomy (OVX) subgroups: OVX with vehicle (OVX), OVX with 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg/day OHS (OHS100, OHS200, OHS500). Daily oral administration of OHS was initiated one week after ovariectomy and continued for seven weeks. Upon completion of treatments, organs were weighed and GOT, GPT, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were determined enzymatically. No significant differences in feed intake and organ index were observed among the groups. Significant decreases in GPT, TC and LDL-C (p
{"title":"Effects of Opuntia humifusa Seed Powder on Serum Lipid Profile in Ovariectomized Rats","authors":"S. Hahm, Ji-Eun Park, Y. Son","doi":"10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.195","url":null,"abstract":"Opuntia humifusa contains high levels of antioxidants including vitamin C, flavonoids and polyphenols, which may provide beneficial effects such as hypolipidemic activity and the reduction of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. This study was conducted to determine if the intake of O. humifusa seeds powder (OHS) regulates lipid concentrations, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in the serum of ovariectomized rats. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to either a sham-operated group (Sham) or one of the following four ovariectomy (OVX) subgroups: OVX with vehicle (OVX), OVX with 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg/day OHS (OHS100, OHS200, OHS500). Daily oral administration of OHS was initiated one week after ovariectomy and continued for seven weeks. Upon completion of treatments, organs were weighed and GOT, GPT, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were determined enzymatically. No significant differences in feed intake and organ index were observed among the groups. Significant decreases in GPT, TC and LDL-C (p","PeriodicalId":15791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Nutrition","volume":"17 Suppl 4 1","pages":"195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80235989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-30DOI: 10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.217
H. Han, Jongwon Lee
Ischemic stroke constitutes about 80% of all stroke incidences. It is characterized by brain cell death in a region where cerebral arteries supplying blood are occluded. Under these ischemic conditions, apoptosis is responsible for the cell death, at least in part. Goat’s-beard (Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus) is a perennial plant that grows naturally in the alpine regions of Korea. In the present study, we first determined whether water extract of goat’s-beard (HY1646) and some of its fractions prepared by partitioning with organic solvents could improve the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) cultured under hypoxic condition by blocking apoptotic pathways. Based on the in vitro findings, we subsequently investigated whether HY1646 and the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) selected from cell culture-based screening could attenuate brain injury in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemia (2 hr), followed by 22 hours of reperfusion. The cell number was sustained close to that initially plated in the presence of HY1646 even after 24 hr of cell culture under hypoxic condition (3% O2), at which time the cell number reached almost zero in the absence of HY1646. This improvement in cell viability was attributed to the delay in apoptosis, identified by the formation of DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis. Of fractions soluble in hexane, ethyl acetate (EA) and butanol, EA was chosen for the animal experiments because EA demonstrated the best cell viability at the lowest concentration (10 μg/mL). HY1646 (200 mg/kg) and EA (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct size, an index of brain injury, by 16.6, 40.0 and 61.0%, respectively, as assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The findings suggest that prophylactic intake of goat’s beard might be beneficial for preventing ischemic stroke.
缺血性中风约占所有中风发病率的80%。其特点是供血的脑动脉闭塞区域的脑细胞死亡。在这些缺血条件下，细胞凋亡至少部分地导致细胞死亡。山羊胡(Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus)是一种多年生植物，自然生长在韩国的高山地区。在本研究中，我们首先确定了羊胡子水提物(HY1646)及其部分组分与有机溶剂分离制备的山羊胡子水提物(HY1646)是否可以通过阻断凋亡通路来提高缺氧培养的人肝癌细胞(HepG2)的生存能力。在体外实验的基础上，我们进一步研究了HY1646和基于细胞培养筛选的乙酸乙酯组分(EA)是否能减轻大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)缺血模型(2小时)和再灌注22小时的脑损伤。在低氧条件下(3% O2)培养24小时后，细胞数量几乎为零，在HY1646存在的情况下，细胞数量保持在与最初接种时接近的水平。这种细胞活力的改善归因于细胞凋亡的延迟，通过凝胶电泳鉴定DNA阶梯的形成。在可溶于己烷、乙酸乙酯和丁醇的组分中，动物实验选择乙酸乙酯，因为乙酸乙酯在最低浓度(10 μg/mL)下具有最佳的细胞活力。HY1646 (200 mg/kg)和EA(10和20 mg/kg)通过2,3,5-三苯基四氯化铵染色评估，分别显著降低脑梗死面积(脑损伤指数)16.6%，40.0%和61.0%。研究结果表明，预防性摄入山羊胡子可能有助于预防缺血性中风。
{"title":"Attenuation of Brain Injury by Water Extract of Goat’s-beard (Aruncus dioicus) and Its Ethyl Acetate Fraction in a Rat Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion","authors":"H. Han, Jongwon Lee","doi":"10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.217","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic stroke constitutes about 80% of all stroke incidences. It is characterized by brain cell death in a region where cerebral arteries supplying blood are occluded. Under these ischemic conditions, apoptosis is responsible for the cell death, at least in part. Goat’s-beard (Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus) is a perennial plant that grows naturally in the alpine regions of Korea. In the present study, we first determined whether water extract of goat’s-beard (HY1646) and some of its fractions prepared by partitioning with organic solvents could improve the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) cultured under hypoxic condition by blocking apoptotic pathways. Based on the in vitro findings, we subsequently investigated whether HY1646 and the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) selected from cell culture-based screening could attenuate brain injury in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemia (2 hr), followed by 22 hours of reperfusion. The cell number was sustained close to that initially plated in the presence of HY1646 even after 24 hr of cell culture under hypoxic condition (3% O2), at which time the cell number reached almost zero in the absence of HY1646. This improvement in cell viability was attributed to the delay in apoptosis, identified by the formation of DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis. Of fractions soluble in hexane, ethyl acetate (EA) and butanol, EA was chosen for the animal experiments because EA demonstrated the best cell viability at the lowest concentration (10 μg/mL). HY1646 (200 mg/kg) and EA (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct size, an index of brain injury, by 16.6, 40.0 and 61.0%, respectively, as assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The findings suggest that prophylactic intake of goat’s beard might be beneficial for preventing ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":15791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Nutrition","volume":"7 1","pages":"217-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85011884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-30DOI: 10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.272
Youn Ri Lee, I. Hwang, K. Woo, Hyun Young Kim, Dong Sik Park, Jae-hyun Kim, Yun Bae Kim, Junsoo Lee, H. Jeong
The hypoglycemic effects of germinated rough rice extract in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Weight gain was significantly lower in the diabetic groups than in the normal control (NC); however, they were higher in the 1% and 3% diabetic groups given germinated Goami2 rough rice extract (DM-3%GGRRE) than in the diabetic control (DC). While food intake in all diabetic groups was significantly higher than that of the NC, there was no significant difference among all diabetic groups. The weight percentages of liver and kidney in all diabetic groups were significantly higher than that of the NC. In terms of blood glucose, the diabetic group showed about a three times larger value than the normal group. Moreover, in the 3% germinated rough rice extract group, the blood glucose level became lowered. The levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine phosphokinsae, and creatinine increased in general with the induction of diabetes using STZ; however, the 3% GGRRE-treated group displayed a significant decrease in these levels compared to the diabetic group. The results show that the 3% GGRRE, rather than the 1% GGRRE, was considerably more effective at reducing blood glucose and improving impaired glucose tolerance, suggesting the germinated rice extracts may play a role in preventing liver and kidney damage.
{"title":"Hypoglycemic Effects of Germinated Rough Rice Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Youn Ri Lee, I. Hwang, K. Woo, Hyun Young Kim, Dong Sik Park, Jae-hyun Kim, Yun Bae Kim, Junsoo Lee, H. Jeong","doi":"10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3746/JFN.2011.16.3.272","url":null,"abstract":"The hypoglycemic effects of germinated rough rice extract in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Weight gain was significantly lower in the diabetic groups than in the normal control (NC); however, they were higher in the 1% and 3% diabetic groups given germinated Goami2 rough rice extract (DM-3%GGRRE) than in the diabetic control (DC). While food intake in all diabetic groups was significantly higher than that of the NC, there was no significant difference among all diabetic groups. The weight percentages of liver and kidney in all diabetic groups were significantly higher than that of the NC. In terms of blood glucose, the diabetic group showed about a three times larger value than the normal group. Moreover, in the 3% germinated rough rice extract group, the blood glucose level became lowered. The levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine phosphokinsae, and creatinine increased in general with the induction of diabetes using STZ; however, the 3% GGRRE-treated group displayed a significant decrease in these levels compared to the diabetic group. The results show that the 3% GGRRE, rather than the 1% GGRRE, was considerably more effective at reducing blood glucose and improving impaired glucose tolerance, suggesting the germinated rice extracts may play a role in preventing liver and kidney damage.","PeriodicalId":15791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Nutrition","volume":"57 1","pages":"272-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89853012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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