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Confounding in Epidemiological Studies on Assessment of the Impact of Genetic Factors on Disease Risk: The Problem of Redundant Adjustment. 关于评估遗传因素对疾病风险影响的流行病学研究中的混杂因素:多余调整问题。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20230277
Yumiko Kasugai, Isao Oze, Yuriko N Koyanagi, Yukari Taniyama, Hidemi Ito, Issei Imoto, Keitaro Matsuo
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引用次数: 0
When and how to split the follow-up time in the analysis of epidemiological or clinical studies with follow-ups. 在对有随访的流行病学或临床研究进行分析时,何时以及如何分割随访时间。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20240245
Masao Iwagami, Miho Ishimaru, Yoshinori Takeuchi, Tomohiro Shinozaki

In epidemiological or clinical studies with follow-ups, data tables generated and processed for statistical analysis are often of the "wide-format" type-consisting of one row per individual. However, depending on the situation and purpose of the study, they may need to be transformed into the "long-format" type-which allows for multiple rows per individual. This tutorial clarifies the typical situations wherein researchers are recommended to split follow-up times to generate long-format data tables. In such applications, the major analytical aims consist of (i) estimating the outcome incidence rates or their ratios between ≥ 2 groups, according to specific follow-up time periods; (ii) examining the interaction between the exposure status and follow-up time to assess the proportional hazards assumption in Cox models; (iii) dealing with time-varying exposures for descriptive or predictive purposes; (iv) estimating the causal effects of time-varying exposures while adjusting for time-varying confounders that may be affected by past exposures; and (v) comparing different time periods within the same individual in self-controlled case series analyses. This tutorial also discusses how to split follow-up times according to their purposes in practical settings, providing example codes in Stata, R, and SAS.

在有随访的流行病学或临床研究中,为进行统计分析而生成和处理的数据表通常是 "宽格式 "的--每个人只有一行。但是,根据研究的具体情况和目的,可能需要将其转换为 "长格式 "类型,即允许每个个体有多行。本教程阐明了建议研究人员分割随访时间以生成长格式数据表的典型情况。在此类应用中,主要的分析目的包括:(i) 根据特定的随访时间段,估计≥ 2 组之间的结果发生率或其比率;(ii) 检查暴露状态与随访时间之间的交互作用,以评估 Cox 模型中的比例危险假设;(iii) 出于描述性或预测性目的处理时变暴露;(iv) 估计时变暴露的因果效应,同时调整可能受过去暴露影响的时变混杂因素;以及 (v) 在自控病例系列分析中比较同一个体的不同时间段。本教程还讨论了如何在实际设置中根据目的分割随访时间,并提供了 Stata、R 和 SAS 中的示例代码。
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引用次数: 0
Can cessation of caregiving for parents relieve family caregivers' psychological distress? A longitudinal study using 17-wave nationwide survey data in Japan. 停止照顾父母能否缓解家庭照顾者的心理压力?一项利用日本 17 波全国性调查数据进行的纵向研究。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20240190
Takashi Oshio, Ruru Ping

Background: Informal caregiving of older parents adversely affects the mental health of family caregivers. However, the psychological effects of caregiving cessation and the trajectories of these effects have rarely been examined in Japan. This study addresses this gap.

Methods: Based on a 17-wave nationwide population-based survey in Japan, we analyzed longitudinal data from 8,280 individuals aged 50-59 years in 2005 who started caring for their older parents in 2006 or later and ceased caregiving by 2021. We identified the timings of caregiving onset and cessation and examined the trajectory of psychological distress (PD), defined as a Kessler score ≥ 5 on the 6-item Kessler scale (range 0-24). Linear mixed models were used to assess the trajectory of PD that evolved after caregiving cessation over the subsequent three years.

Results: After adjusting for covariates, the probability of PD decreased by 5.6 percentage points (from 40.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-7.0) for female caregivers and by 1.9 percentage points (from 31.7%; 95% CI, 0.3-3.5) for male caregivers at caregiving cessation, remaining stable in subsequent years. For women, higher PD risks related to co-residence with a care recipient diminished quickly upon cessation of caregiving, while the unfavorable impacts of no social activity, extended duration of care, and long-hour daily care persisted in subsequent years. For male caregivers, the impact was generally more limited.

Conclusions: These results suggest that changes in mental health following caregiving cessation warrant serious consideration when developing support programs for former family caregivers.

背景:对年长父母的非正式照顾会对家庭照顾者的心理健康产生不利影响。然而,在日本,很少有人研究过停止照顾的心理影响以及这些影响的轨迹。本研究填补了这一空白:基于日本 17 次全国性人口调查,我们分析了 2005 年年龄在 50-59 岁之间、2006 年或之后开始照顾年长父母并在 2021 年之前停止照顾年长父母的 8280 人的纵向数据。我们确定了开始和停止照顾的时间,并研究了心理困扰(PD)的轨迹,心理困扰的定义是在 6 项 Kessler 量表中 Kessler 得分≥ 5(范围 0-24)。采用线性混合模型评估了停止护理后三年内心理困扰的发展轨迹:在对协变量进行调整后,女性护理者在停止护理时患帕金森病的概率降低了 5.6 个百分点(从 40.8%;95% 置信区间 [CI],4.1-7.0),男性护理者降低了 1.9 个百分点(从 31.7%;95% 置信区间,0.3-3.5),并在随后几年保持稳定。对于女性而言,与受照护者共同居住所带来的较高猝死风险在停止照护后迅速降低,而没有社交活动、照护时间延长和每天长时间照护所带来的不利影响则在随后几年持续存在。对于男性照顾者来说,这种影响一般较为有限:这些结果表明,在为前家庭照顾者制定支持计划时,应认真考虑停止照顾后心理健康的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Associations of parental education with children's infectious diseases and their mediating factors: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). 父母教育与儿童传染病的关系及其中介因素:日本环境与儿童研究(JECS)。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20240192
Masami Narita, Midori Yamamoto, Kenichi Sakurai, Chisato Mori

BackgroundParents' educational background is presumed to influence the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases in children through their decisions about vaccinations and other family lifestyle choices. Regarding voluntary vaccination, a household's economic situation may also be associated with non-vaccination. Therefore, this study investigated the association between parental education and vaccine-preventable diseases (varicella, mumps, influenza [flu], pertussis, measles, and rubella) in children, which currently remains elusive.MethodsWe used datasets from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, which included 104,062 fetal records; our study population comprised 80,930 children up to the age of three years. The associations between parental educational background and children's infectious diseases were examined using binomial logistic regression analysis. The mediating effects of household income, vaccination, and smoking were examined using a path analysis.ResultsFor varicella, mumps, and influenza covered by voluntary vaccination, a higher education level of the father was associated with a lower incidence of infection. The association between mothers' education and children's infection was limited. There were both income-mediated and non-income-mediated pathways between parental education and voluntary vaccination. For pertussis, measles, and rubella, which are covered by routine vaccines, there was no association between parental education and the child's infection.ConclusionAn association between parental education and childhood infections was observed. Additionally, providing financial support for vaccination and communicating the benefits of vaccination in a way that parents at all levels of education can understand will help reduce the incidence of infectious diseases among children.

背景据推测,父母的教育背景会通过他们对疫苗接种的决定和其他家庭生活方式的选择影响儿童可预防疾病的发病率。在自愿接种疫苗方面,家庭经济状况也可能与不接种疫苗有关。因此,本研究调查了父母教育程度与儿童疫苗可预防疾病(水痘、流行性腮腺炎、流感、百日咳、麻疹和风疹)之间的关系,而这一关系目前仍难以确定。方法我们使用了日本环境与儿童研究的数据集,其中包括 104,062 份胎儿记录;我们的研究人群包括 80,930 名三岁以下的儿童。我们使用二项式逻辑回归分析法研究了父母教育背景与儿童传染病之间的关系。结果 对于水痘、流行性腮腺炎和自愿接种疫苗的流感,父亲受教育程度越高,感染率越低。母亲受教育程度与儿童感染率之间的关系有限。父母受教育程度与自愿接种疫苗之间既存在收入中介关系,也存在非收入中介关系。对于百日咳、麻疹和风疹这三种常规疫苗,父母的教育程度与儿童感染率之间没有关联。此外,为疫苗接种提供经济支持,并以各种教育水平的家长都能理解的方式宣传疫苗接种的益处,将有助于降低儿童传染病的发病率。
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引用次数: 0
Regional variations and inequalities in testing for early detection of breast and cervical cancer: evidence from a nationally representative survey in India. 乳腺癌和宫颈癌早期检测方面的地区差异和不平等:来自印度全国代表性调查的证据。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20240065
Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Md Shafiur Rahman, Md Rashedul Islam, Stuart Gilmour, Rei Haruyama, Atul Budukh, Abhishek Shankar, Gauravi Mishra, Ravi Mehrotra, Tomohiro Matsuda, Manami Inoue, Sarah Krull Abe

Background: The burden of cancer in India has been rising, yet testing for early detection remains low. This study explored inequalities in the uptake of breast cancer (BC) examination and cervical cancer (CC) among Indian women, focusing on socioeconomic, regional, and educational differences.

Methods: Data from the 2019-21 National Family Health Survey (n=353,518) were used to assess the uptake of BC examination and CC testing. Inequalities were quantified using the slope index of inequality (SII), relative index of inequality (RII), and relative concentration index (RCI). SII measured absolute inequality, while RII and RCI assessed relative inequality between disadvantaged and advantaged groups.

Results: The ever uptake of tests for early detection of BC and CC were low at 9 and 20 per 1,000 women, respectively. Higher uptake was observed among women from the richest households compared to the poorest (SII: 1.1 for BC and 1.8 for CC). The magnitude of relative socioeconomic inequalities was more pronounced in rural areas (RCI: 22.5 for BC and 21.3 for CC) compared to urban areas. Similarly, higher-educated women were 4.84 times (RII: 4.84) and 2.12 times (RII: 2.12) more likely to undergo BC examination and CC testing, respectively, compared to non-educated women. The northeastern region exhibited greater socioeconomic inequality, while the western region showed more education-based inequality.

Conclusion: The lower uptake of BC examination and CC testing and the marked inequalities underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve access and utilization of testing services, especially among lower-educated women, and those in rural areas.

背景:印度的癌症发病率一直在上升,但早期检测率却很低。本研究探讨了印度妇女接受乳腺癌(BC)检查和宫颈癌(CC)检查的不平等现象,重点关注社会经济、地区和教育差异:方法:使用2019-21年全国家庭健康调查(n=353,518)的数据来评估接受乳腺癌检查和宫颈癌检测的情况。采用不平等斜率指数(SII)、相对不平等指数(RII)和相对集中指数(RCI)对不平等进行量化。SII 衡量的是绝对不平等,而 RII 和 RCI 评估的是弱势群体和优势群体之间的相对不平等:结果:早期检测 BC 和 CC 的检测率较低,分别为千分之九和千分之二十。与最贫困家庭的妇女相比,最富裕家庭的妇女接受检测的比例更高(SII:BC 为 1.1,CC 为 1.8)。与城市地区相比,农村地区的相对社会经济不平等程度更为明显(RCI:BC 为 22.5,CC 为 21.3)。同样,与未受过教育的妇女相比,受过高等教育的妇女接受 BC 检查和 CC 检测的可能性分别高出 4.84 倍(RII:4.84)和 2.12 倍(RII:2.12)。东北部地区表现出更大的社会经济不平等,而西部地区则表现出更大的教育不平等:结论:接受 BC 检查和 CC 检测的比例较低以及明显的不平等现象突出表明,有必要采取有针对性的干预措施,以改善检测服务的获取和利用情况,尤其是在受教育程度较低的女性和农村地区。
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引用次数: 0
Coffee and Green Tea Consumption With the Risk of COVID-19 Among the Vaccine Recipients in Japan: A Prospective Study. 日本疫苗接种者饮用咖啡和绿茶与 COVID-19 风险的关系:一项前瞻性研究。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-05 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20230231
Zobida Islam, Shohei Yamamoto, Tetsuya Mizoue, Maki Konishi, Norio Ohmagari

Background: While coffee and green tea have been suggested to have immunoprotective effects, it remains elusive whether they can decrease the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: We prospectively examined the associations of coffee and green tea consumption with the risk of COVID-19 among mRNA vaccine recipients during the epidemic of the Omicron variant.

Methods: Participants were 2,110 staff (aged 18 to 76 years) of a large medical facility in Tokyo, who attended a serosurvey in June 2022, predominantly received ≥3 doses of vaccine, and were followed for COVID-19 until December 2022. Coffee and green tea consumption was ascertained via a questionnaire. COVID-19 was identified through the in-house registry. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of COVID-19 across the categories of beverage consumption.

Results: During 6 months of follow-up, 225 (10.6%) cases of COVID-19 were identified. Contrary to the expectation, higher consumption of coffee was associated with a significant increase in the risk of COVID-19; multivariable-adjusted HRs were 1.00 (reference), 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-1.35), 1.48 (95% CI, 0.99-2.22), and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.20-2.76) for <1 cup/day, 1 cup/day, 2 cups/day, and ≥3 cups/day, respectively (P trend = 0.003). Green tea consumption was not significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19. The association with coffee was attenuated if serologically detected infection was added to the cases.

Conclusion: In a cohort of Japanese hospital staff who received COVID-19 vaccine, higher consumption of coffee was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 during the epidemic of the Omicron variant. There was no evidence of a significant association between green tea consumption and COVID-19 risk.

背景:虽然咖啡和绿茶被认为具有免疫保护作用,但它们是否能降低COVID-19的风险仍是一个未知数:我们前瞻性地研究了咖啡和绿茶的饮用量与欧米茄变异株流行期间mRNA疫苗接种者COVID-19风险之间的关系:参与者为东京一家大型医疗机构的 2110 名员工(18 至 76 岁),他们参加了 2022 年 6 月的血清调查,主要接种了≥3 剂疫苗,并在 2022 年 12 月前接受了 COVID-19 的随访。通过问卷调查确定了咖啡和绿茶的饮用量。COVID-19 是通过内部登记册确定的。采用Cox比例危险模型估算了COVID-19在不同饮料消费类别中的危险比(HRs):结果:在 6 个月的随访期间,共发现 225 例(10.6%)COVID-19 病例。结果:在 6 个月的随访中,共发现 225 例(10.6%)COVID-19,与预期相反,饮用更多的咖啡会显著增加 COVID-19 的风险;多变量调整后的 HRs(95% CI)分别为 1.00、0.92(0.62-1.35)、1.48(0.99-2.22)和 1.82(1.20-2.76):在一组接种了 COVID-19 疫苗的日本医院工作人员中,在 Omicron 变种流行期间,饮用较多咖啡与 COVID-19 的风险增加有关。没有证据表明饮用绿茶与 COVID-19 风险之间存在显著关联。
{"title":"Coffee and Green Tea Consumption With the Risk of COVID-19 Among the Vaccine Recipients in Japan: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Zobida Islam, Shohei Yamamoto, Tetsuya Mizoue, Maki Konishi, Norio Ohmagari","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230231","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While coffee and green tea have been suggested to have immunoprotective effects, it remains elusive whether they can decrease the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We prospectively examined the associations of coffee and green tea consumption with the risk of COVID-19 among mRNA vaccine recipients during the epidemic of the Omicron variant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 2,110 staff (aged 18 to 76 years) of a large medical facility in Tokyo, who attended a serosurvey in June 2022, predominantly received ≥3 doses of vaccine, and were followed for COVID-19 until December 2022. Coffee and green tea consumption was ascertained via a questionnaire. COVID-19 was identified through the in-house registry. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of COVID-19 across the categories of beverage consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 6 months of follow-up, 225 (10.6%) cases of COVID-19 were identified. Contrary to the expectation, higher consumption of coffee was associated with a significant increase in the risk of COVID-19; multivariable-adjusted HRs were 1.00 (reference), 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-1.35), 1.48 (95% CI, 0.99-2.22), and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.20-2.76) for <1 cup/day, 1 cup/day, 2 cups/day, and ≥3 cups/day, respectively (P trend = 0.003). Green tea consumption was not significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19. The association with coffee was attenuated if serologically detected infection was added to the cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a cohort of Japanese hospital staff who received COVID-19 vaccine, higher consumption of coffee was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 during the epidemic of the Omicron variant. There was no evidence of a significant association between green tea consumption and COVID-19 risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"444-452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonrestorative Sleep and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence: The Aichi Workers' Cohort Study. 非恢复性睡眠与 2 型糖尿病发病率:爱知县工人队列研究。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-05 Epub Date: 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20230184
Jingyi Lin, Zean Song, Yuanying Li, Chifa Chiang, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Yoshihisa Nakano, Young-Jae Hong, Masaaki Matsunaga, Atsuhiko Ota, Koji Tamakoshi, Hiroshi Yatsuya

Background: The term "nonrestorative sleep (NRS)" refers to an unrefreshed feeling at wake-up and is a domain of poor sleep quality. Previous research has demonstrated that NRS is linked to a number of diseases and adverse health outcomes, but less is known regarding the link between NRS and diabetes, particularly in Japanese.

Methods: We studied 3,665 middle-aged male participants of the Aichi Workers' Cohort Study who were followed-up from 2002 through 2019. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to NRS adjusted for potential confounding variables.

Results: During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, 421 type 2 diabetes cases were identified. Participants with NRS had a higher crude incidence rate of T2DM (11.2/1,000 person-years), compared to participants without NRS (9.3/1,000 person-years). In the fully adjusted model, individuals who reported having NRS had a significantly higher risk of developing T2DM (HR1.36; 95% CI, 1.10-1.67). The association was observed only in participants under 50 years old (HR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.36-2.43), not in the older (50 years or older) participants (P for interaction = 0.025). In contrast, stratified analyses by the presence of shift work, obesity, or sleep duration showed similar associations in all the strata.

Conclusion: NRS was associated with higher risk of T2DM in middle-aged Japanese male workers independent of a variety of lifestyle factors and other sleep problems.

背景:非恢复性睡眠(NRS)"指的是醒来时没有精神的感觉,是睡眠质量差的一种表现。以往的研究表明,非恢复性睡眠与多种疾病和不良健康后果有关,但关于非恢复性睡眠与糖尿病之间的联系,尤其是日本人的非恢复性睡眠与糖尿病之间的联系,目前所知甚少:我们研究了爱知县工人队列研究中的 3665 名中年男性参与者,他们在 2002 年至 2019 年期间接受了随访。Cox比例危险模型估算了与NRS相关的2型糖尿病(T2DM)发病危险比(HRs)和95%置信区间(CIs),并对潜在的混杂变量进行了调整:在中位 14.6 年的随访期间,共发现 421 例 2 型糖尿病病例。与无 NRS 的参与者(9.3/1,000 人-年)相比,有 NRS 的参与者的 T2DM 粗发病率更高(11.2/1,000 人-年)。在完全调整模型中,报告患有 NRS 的人患 T2DM 的风险明显更高(HR:1.36,95% CI:1.10-1.67)。仅在 50 岁以下的参与者中观察到这种关联(HR:1.82,95% CI:1.36-2.43),而在年龄较大(50 岁或以上)的参与者中未观察到这种关联(交互作用的 P =0.025)。与此相反,根据是否存在轮班工作、肥胖或睡眠时间长短进行的分层分析表明,所有分层中的相关性相似:结论:NRS与日本中年男性工作者罹患T2DM的较高风险有关,与各种生活方式因素和其他睡眠问题无关。
{"title":"Nonrestorative Sleep and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence: The Aichi Workers' Cohort Study.","authors":"Jingyi Lin, Zean Song, Yuanying Li, Chifa Chiang, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Yoshihisa Nakano, Young-Jae Hong, Masaaki Matsunaga, Atsuhiko Ota, Koji Tamakoshi, Hiroshi Yatsuya","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230184","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The term \"nonrestorative sleep (NRS)\" refers to an unrefreshed feeling at wake-up and is a domain of poor sleep quality. Previous research has demonstrated that NRS is linked to a number of diseases and adverse health outcomes, but less is known regarding the link between NRS and diabetes, particularly in Japanese.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 3,665 middle-aged male participants of the Aichi Workers' Cohort Study who were followed-up from 2002 through 2019. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to NRS adjusted for potential confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, 421 type 2 diabetes cases were identified. Participants with NRS had a higher crude incidence rate of T2DM (11.2/1,000 person-years), compared to participants without NRS (9.3/1,000 person-years). In the fully adjusted model, individuals who reported having NRS had a significantly higher risk of developing T2DM (HR1.36; 95% CI, 1.10-1.67). The association was observed only in participants under 50 years old (HR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.36-2.43), not in the older (50 years or older) participants (P for interaction = 0.025). In contrast, stratified analyses by the presence of shift work, obesity, or sleep duration showed similar associations in all the strata.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NRS was associated with higher risk of T2DM in middle-aged Japanese male workers independent of a variety of lifestyle factors and other sleep problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"428-433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139569766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metabolomics Profiles Alterations in Cigarette Smokers and Heated Tobacco Product Users. 代谢组学描述了吸烟者和加热烟草制品使用者的变化。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-05 Epub Date: 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20230170
Sei Harada, Hideki Ohmomo, Minako Matsumoto, Mizuki Sata, Miho Iida, Aya Hirata, Naoko Miyagawa, Kazuyo Kuwabara, Suzuka Kato, Ryota Toki, Shun Edagawa, Daisuke Sugiyama, Asako Sato, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Masahiro Sugimoto, Tomoyoshi Soga, Masaru Tomita, Atsushi Shimizu, Tomonori Okamura, Toru Takebayashi

Background: Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have gained global popularity, but their health risks remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with smoking and HTP use in a large Japanese population to improve health risk assessment.

Methods: Metabolomics data from 9,922 baseline participants of the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS) were analyzed to determine the association between smoking habits and plasma metabolites. Moreover, alterations in smoking-related metabolites among HTP users were examined based on data obtained from 3,334 participants involved from April 2018 to June 2019 in a follow-up survey.

Results: Our study revealed that cigarette smokers had metabolomics profiles distinct from never smokers, with 22 polar metabolites identified as candidate biomarkers for smoking. These biomarker profiles of HTP users were closer to those of cigarette smokers than those of never smokers. The concentration of glutamate was higher in cigarette smokers, and biomarkers involved in glutamate metabolism were also associated with cigarette smoking and HTP use. Network pathway analysis showed that smoking was associated with the glutamate pathway, which could lead to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis of the vessels.

Conclusion: Our study showed that the glutamate pathway is affected by habitual smoking. These changes in the glutamate pathway may partly explain the mechanism by which cigarette smoking causes cardiovascular disease. HTP use was also associated with glutamate metabolism, indicating that HTP use may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease through mechanisms similar to those in cigarette use.

背景:加热烟草制品(HTPs)在全球范围内广受欢迎,但其健康风险尚不清楚。因此,目前的研究旨在确定大量日本人群中与吸烟和HTP使用相关的血浆代谢产物,以改进健康风险评估。方法:分析来自9922名Tsuruoka代谢组学队列研究(TMCS)基线参与者的代谢组学数据,以确定吸烟习惯与血浆代谢产物之间的关系。此外,在一项后续调查中,根据从2018年4月至2019年6月参与的3334名参与者获得的数据,对HTP使用者吸烟相关代谢物的变化进行了检查。结果:我们的研究表明,吸烟者的代谢组学特征与从不吸烟者不同,有22种极性代谢产物被确定为吸烟的候选生物标志物。HTP使用者的这些生物标志物图谱更接近吸烟者,而不是从不吸烟者。吸烟者的谷氨酸浓度较高,参与谷氨酸代谢的生物标志物也与吸烟和HTP的使用有关。网络通路分析表明,吸烟与谷氨酸通路有关,谷氨酸通路可导致血管内皮功能障碍和动脉粥样硬化。结论:我们的研究表明谷氨酸途径受到习惯性吸烟的影响。谷氨酸途径的这些变化可能部分解释了吸烟导致心血管疾病的机制。HTP的使用也与谷氨酸代谢有关,这表明HTP的应用可能通过与吸烟相似的机制导致心血管疾病的发展。
{"title":"Metabolomics Profiles Alterations in Cigarette Smokers and Heated Tobacco Product Users.","authors":"Sei Harada, Hideki Ohmomo, Minako Matsumoto, Mizuki Sata, Miho Iida, Aya Hirata, Naoko Miyagawa, Kazuyo Kuwabara, Suzuka Kato, Ryota Toki, Shun Edagawa, Daisuke Sugiyama, Asako Sato, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Masahiro Sugimoto, Tomoyoshi Soga, Masaru Tomita, Atsushi Shimizu, Tomonori Okamura, Toru Takebayashi","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20230170","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20230170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have gained global popularity, but their health risks remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with smoking and HTP use in a large Japanese population to improve health risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Metabolomics data from 9,922 baseline participants of the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS) were analyzed to determine the association between smoking habits and plasma metabolites. Moreover, alterations in smoking-related metabolites among HTP users were examined based on data obtained from 3,334 participants involved from April 2018 to June 2019 in a follow-up survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed that cigarette smokers had metabolomics profiles distinct from never smokers, with 22 polar metabolites identified as candidate biomarkers for smoking. These biomarker profiles of HTP users were closer to those of cigarette smokers than those of never smokers. The concentration of glutamate was higher in cigarette smokers, and biomarkers involved in glutamate metabolism were also associated with cigarette smoking and HTP use. Network pathway analysis showed that smoking was associated with the glutamate pathway, which could lead to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis of the vessels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that the glutamate pathway is affected by habitual smoking. These changes in the glutamate pathway may partly explain the mechanism by which cigarette smoking causes cardiovascular disease. HTP use was also associated with glutamate metabolism, indicating that HTP use may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease through mechanisms similar to those in cigarette use.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"403-410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Body Mass Index, Height and Head and Neck Cancer Risk: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. 体重指数、身高与头颈癌风险:日本公共卫生中心前瞻性研究。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20240033
Seitaro Suzuki, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Norie Sawada

Background: Although both a lower and a higher body mass index (BMI) are reportedly associated with head and neck cancer (HNC), reports from Asia are scarce. Moreover, evidence regarding the association between height and HNC is limited.

Methods: We investigated associations between BMI, height, and the incidence of HNC among 102,668 participants (49,029 men and 53,639 women) aged 40-69 years in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. We followed participants from 1990 to 2013. We conducted a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, which included adjustment for potential confounders such as smoking status. Baseline weight and height information were self-reported.

Results: Over an average follow-up of 18.7 years, 311 HNC cases were newly diagnosed. Lower BMI was significantly associated with HNC, with hazard ratios [HR] of 2.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-4.64) for <18.5 kg/m2 and 1.63 (95% CI=1.15-2.30) for 18.5-20.9 kg/m2 compared to 23-24.9 kg/m2. Increased risk was suggested for higher BMI, with an HR of 1.30 (95%CI=0.84-2.00) for ≥27.5 kg/m2. This trend was also observed in quadratic models. Results were similar among never smokers. Meanwhile, only lower BMI showed a strong association with HNC risk among former and current smokers (HR: 3.09, 95%CI: 1.54-6.20 for <18.5 kg/m2 compared to 23 to 24.9 kg/m2). Height showed no association with HNC.

Conclusions: Lower BMI was significantly associated with HNC risk, while increased HNC risk was suggested in higher BMI among never smokers. Among former and current smokers, only lower BMI was associated with HNC risk.

背景:据报道,虽然较低和较高的体重指数(BMI)都与头颈癌(HNC)有关,但来自亚洲的报告很少。此外,有关身高与 HNC 关系的证据也很有限:我们调查了日本公共卫生中心前瞻性研究中 102,668 名 40-69 岁参与者(49,029 名男性和 53,639 名女性)的体重指数、身高和 HNC 发病率之间的关系。我们对参与者进行了从 1990 年到 2013 年的跟踪调查。我们进行了 Cox 比例危险回归分析,其中包括对吸烟状况等潜在混杂因素的调整。基线体重和身高信息均为自我报告:平均随访 18.7 年,新诊断出 311 例 HNC。较低的体重指数与HNC有明显相关性,与23-24.9 kg/m2相比,18.5-20.9 kg/m2的危险比[HR]为2.75(95%置信区间[CI]:1.63-4.64),18.5-20.9 kg/m2的危险比[HR]为1.63(95%置信区间[CI]:1.15-2.30)。BMI越高,风险越大,≥27.5 kg/m2的HR为1.30(95%CI=0.84-2.00)。在二次模型中也观察到这一趋势。从不吸烟者的结果与此类似。同时,在曾经吸烟者和目前吸烟者中,只有较低的体重指数与HNC风险有密切关系(2与23至24.9 kg/m2相比,HR:3.09,95%CI:1.54-6.20)。身高与 HNC 无关:较低的体重指数与 HNC 风险明显相关,而在从不吸烟者中,较高的体重指数会增加 HNC 风险。在曾经吸烟者和目前吸烟者中,只有较低的体重指数与 HNC 风险相关。
{"title":"Body Mass Index, Height and Head and Neck Cancer Risk: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.","authors":"Seitaro Suzuki, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Norie Sawada","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20240033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20240033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although both a lower and a higher body mass index (BMI) are reportedly associated with head and neck cancer (HNC), reports from Asia are scarce. Moreover, evidence regarding the association between height and HNC is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated associations between BMI, height, and the incidence of HNC among 102,668 participants (49,029 men and 53,639 women) aged 40-69 years in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. We followed participants from 1990 to 2013. We conducted a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, which included adjustment for potential confounders such as smoking status. Baseline weight and height information were self-reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over an average follow-up of 18.7 years, 311 HNC cases were newly diagnosed. Lower BMI was significantly associated with HNC, with hazard ratios [HR] of 2.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-4.64) for <18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and 1.63 (95% CI=1.15-2.30) for 18.5-20.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup> compared to 23-24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Increased risk was suggested for higher BMI, with an HR of 1.30 (95%CI=0.84-2.00) for ≥27.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. This trend was also observed in quadratic models. Results were similar among never smokers. Meanwhile, only lower BMI showed a strong association with HNC risk among former and current smokers (HR: 3.09, 95%CI: 1.54-6.20 for <18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> compared to 23 to 24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Height showed no association with HNC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lower BMI was significantly associated with HNC risk, while increased HNC risk was suggested in higher BMI among never smokers. Among former and current smokers, only lower BMI was associated with HNC risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mortality after partner's cancer diagnosis or death: A population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. 伴侣确诊癌症或死亡后的死亡率:日本一项基于人口的前瞻性队列研究。
IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20240114
Takeshi Makiuchi, Masako Kakizaki, Tomotaka Sobue, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada

Background: The health statuses of closely connected individuals are interdependent. Little is known about mortality risk associated with partner's cancer diagnosis and cause-specific mortality risk associated with partner's death.

Methods: Relative risks for all-cause and cause-specific mortality following a partner's cancer diagnosis or death compared to the period when the partner is cancer-free and alive were investigated in the population-based prospective cohort study that enrolled 140,420 people at the age between 40-69 in 1990-1994.

Results: 55,050 participants (27,665 men and 27,385 women) who were identified as married couples were followed-up for 1,073,746.1 (518,368.5 in men and 555,377.6 in women) person-years, during which 9,816 deaths (7,217 in men and 2,599 in women) were observed. After a partner's cancer diagnosis, the mortality rate ratio (MRR) of all-cause mortality was not increased among both men and women, while an increase of externally-caused MRR was observed. The suicide MRR significantly increased among men (MRR = 2.90 [95% CI, 1.70-4.93]) and it persisted for more than 5 years. After a partner's death, the MRRs of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease (RD), and externally-caused mortality significantly increased only among men. Stratified analysis by smoking status among men showed significantly increased MRRs of CVD and RD mortality among former/current smokers, but not among never-smokers.

Conclusion: Partner's cancer diagnosis did not increase all-cause mortality risk, but increased externally-caused mortality risk, especially suicide among men. The impact of partner's death on mortality risk differed by the mortality causes and sex, and smoking affected some of cause-specific mortality risk.

背景关系密切的个体的健康状况是相互依存的。人们对伴侣癌症诊断相关的死亡风险和伴侣死亡相关的特定原因死亡风险知之甚少:方法:1990-1994 年期间,一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究招募了 140,420 名 40-69 岁的人,调查了伴侣被诊断出癌症或死亡后,与伴侣未患癌症且存活期间相比,全因死亡率和特定原因死亡率的相对风险:55,050名参与者(男性27,665人,女性27,385人)被认定为已婚夫妇,他们接受了1,073,746.1(男性518,368.5人,女性555,377.6人)人年的随访,在此期间,观察到9,816人死亡(男性7,217人,女性2,599人)。在伴侣被诊断出癌症后,男性和女性的全因死亡率比值(MRR)都没有增加,但外部原因造成的死亡率比值却增加了。男性的自杀死亡率比明显上升(死亡率比 = 2.90 [95% CI, 1.70-4.93]),且持续时间超过 5 年。伴侣死亡后,只有男性的全因死亡率、心血管疾病死亡率、呼吸系统疾病死亡率和外因死亡率显著上升。根据男性的吸烟状况进行的分层分析表明,曾经/目前吸烟者的心血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病死亡率的MRRs明显增加,而从不吸烟者的MRRs则没有增加:结论:伴侣的癌症诊断不会增加全因死亡风险,但会增加外因死亡风险,尤其是男性的自杀风险。伴侣的死亡对死亡风险的影响因死亡原因和性别而异,吸烟会影响某些特定原因的死亡风险。
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Journal of Epidemiology
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