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Epidemiologic Trends and Distributions of Imported Infectious Diseases Among Travelers to Japan Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2016 to 2021: A Descriptive Study. 2016年至2021年COVID-19大流行之前和期间,赴日旅行者中输入性传染病的流行趋势和分布情况:一项描述性研究。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Epub Date: 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20230025
Ayu Kasamatsu, Kazuhiko Kanou, Munehisa Fukusumi, Yuzo Arima, Shun Omori, Haruna Nakamura, Tetsuro Sato, Yusuke Serizawa, Asuka Takeda, Hiroyuki Fujikura, Chiaki Ikenoue, Shingo Nishiki, Yoshihiro Fujiya, Takeshi Arashiro, Takuri Takahashi, Tomoe Shimada, Motoi Suzuki, Tomimasa Sunagawa

Background: Little is known about the trends of imported infectious diseases among travelers to non-endemic countries during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This article aimed to describe those among travelers to Japan.

Methods: This is a descriptive study based on national surveillance data. Imported infectious disease cases were defined as those with a reported overseas source of infection among 15 diseases pre-selected based on the probability and impact of importation. The number of notified cases from April 2016 to March 2021 were described by disease and time of diagnosis. The relative ratio and absolute difference in case counts-both by number and per arrival-were calculated by disease comparing those from the pandemic period (April 2020-March 2021) to the pre-pandemic period (April 2016-March 2020).

Results: A total of 3,524 imported infectious disease cases were diagnosed during the study period, including 3,439 cases before and 85 cases during the pandemic. The proportionate distribution of diseases changed but notification counts of all 15 diseases decreased during the pandemic. Accounting for arrivals, however, seven diseases showed a two-fold or greater increase, with a notable absolute increase per million arrivals for amebiasis (60.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 41.5-78.7), malaria (21.7; 95% CI, 10.5-33.0), and typhoid fever (9.3; 95% CI, 1.9-16.8).

Conclusion: The epidemiology of imported infectious diseases changed during the pandemic. While the number of imported infectious disease cases decreased, the number of cases per arrivals increased considerably both in relative and absolute terms for several diseases of public health and clinical importance.

背景:在 COVID-19 大流行期间,人们对前往非流行国家的旅行者感染输入性传染病的趋势知之甚少。本文旨在描述赴日旅行者中的传染病趋势:这是一项基于国家监测数据的描述性研究。输入性传染病病例是指根据输入的可能性和影响从 15 种疾病中预先选择的、报告有海外感染源的病例。2016 年 4 月至 2021 年 3 月期间通报的病例数按疾病和诊断时间进行了描述。将大流行期间(2020 年 4 月至 2021 年 3 月)的病例数与大流行前(2016 年 4 月至 2020 年 3 月)的病例数进行比较,按疾病计算出病例数的相对比率和绝对差异(按数量和每次抵达计算):研究期间共确诊 3524 例输入性传染病,其中大流行前 3439 例,大流行期间 85 例。疾病的比例分布发生了变化,但在大流行期间,所有 15 种疾病的通报数都有所下降。然而,如果将到达人数计算在内,有七种疾病的发病率增加了两倍或更多,其中阿米巴病(60.1;95%CI,41.5-78.7)、疟疾(21.7;10.5-33.0)和伤寒(9.3;1.9-16.8)每百万到达人数的绝对发病率显著增加:结论:大流行期间,输入性传染病的流行病学发生了变化。虽然输入性传染病的病例数有所减少,但就几种具有公共卫生和临床重要性的疾病而言,每名抵达者的病例数在相对值和绝对值上都有大幅增加。
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引用次数: 0
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and mortality risk among people with cognitive impairment: an 8-year longitudinal study from the NCGG-STORIES 痴呆症的行为和心理症状与认知障碍患者的死亡风险:来自 NCGG-STORIES 的一项为期 8 年的纵向研究
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230343
Taiji Noguchi, Takeshi Nakagawa, Taiki Sugimoto, Ayane Komatsu, Yujiro Kuroda, Kazuaki Uchida, Rei Ono, Hidenori Arai, Takashi Sakurai, Tami Saito

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common among people with dementia from the early stages and can appear even in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the prognostic impact of BPSD is unclear. This study examined the association between BPSD and mortality among people with cognitive impairment.

Methods: This longitudinal study involved 1,065 males and 1,681 females (mean age: males = 77.1 years; females = 78.6 years) with MCI or dementia diagnosis, from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Life Stories of People with Dementia (NCGG-STORIES), a single-center memory clinic-based cohort study in Japan that registered first-time outpatients from 2010–2018. Information about death was collected through a mail survey returned by participants or their close relatives, with an up to 8-year follow-up. BPSD was assessed using the Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale (DBD) at baseline.

Results: During the follow-up period, 229 (28.1%) male and 254 (15.1%) female deaths occurred. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that higher DBD scores were significantly associated with increased mortality risk among males, but not females (compared with the lowest quartile score group, hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] for the highest quartile score group = 1.59 [1.11–2.29] for males and 1.06 [0.66–1.70] for females). Among the DBD items, lack of interest in daily living, excessive daytime sleep, and refusal to receive care had a higher mortality risk.

Conclusions: The findings suggest a potential association between BPSD and poor prognosis among males with cognitive impairment.

背景:痴呆症的行为和心理症状(BPSD)在痴呆症早期患者中很常见,甚至在轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者中也会出现。然而,BPSD 对预后的影响尚不明确。本研究探讨了 BPSD 与认知障碍患者死亡率之间的关系:这项纵向研究涉及1065名男性和1681名女性(平均年龄:男性=77.1岁;女性=78.6岁)MCI或痴呆诊断患者,这些患者来自日本国家老年医学中心(National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology)--痴呆患者的生活故事(NCGG-STORIES),这是一项基于单中心记忆诊所的队列研究,登记了2010-2018年的首次门诊患者。死亡信息是通过参与者或其近亲寄回的邮件调查表收集的,随访期长达 8 年。基线时使用痴呆行为紊乱量表(DBD)评估BPSD:随访期间,男性死亡 229 例(28.1%),女性死亡 254 例(15.1%)。Cox比例危险回归分析表明,DBD得分越高,男性的死亡风险就越高,而女性则不然(与最低四分位值组相比,最高四分位值组的危险比[95%置信区间]男性为1.59 [1.11-2.29],女性为1.06 [0.66-1.70])。在DBD项目中,对日常生活缺乏兴趣、白天睡眠过多和拒绝接受护理的死亡风险较高:研究结果表明,在患有认知障碍的男性患者中,BPSD与预后不良之间存在潜在联系。
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引用次数: 0
Development and validation of claims-based algorithms for identifying hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and their severity in 2020 and 2021 开发并验证基于报销单的算法,用于识别 2020 年和 2021 年 COVID-19 住院患者及其严重程度
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230285
Chieko Ishiguro, Wataru Mimura, Junko Terada, Nobuaki Matsunaga, Hironori Ishiwari, Hiroyuki Hoshimoto, Kengo Miyo, Norio Ohmagari

Background: This study aimed to develop and validate claims-based algorithms for identifying hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the disease severity.

Methods: We used claims data including all patients at the National Center for Global and Medicine Hospital between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. The claims-based algorithms for three statuses with COVID-19 (hospitalizations, moderate or higher status, and severe status) were developed using diagnosis codes (ICD-10 code: U07.1, B34.2) and relevant medical procedure code. True cases were determined using the COVID-19 inpatient registry and electronic health records. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each algorithm at 6-month intervals.

Results: Of the 75,711 total patients, number of true cases was 1,192 for hospitalizations, 622 for moderate or higher status, and 55 for severe status. The diagnosis code-only algorithm for hospitalization had sensitivities 90.4% to 94.9% and PPVs 9.3% to 19.4%. Among the algorithms consisting of both diagnosis codes and procedure codes, high sensitivity and PPV were observed during the following periods; 93.9% and 97.1% for hospitalization (January-June 2021), 90.4% and 87.5% for moderate or higher status (July-December 2021), and 92.3% and 85.7% for severe status (July-December 2020), respectively. Almost all algorithms had specificities and NPVs of approximately 99%.

Conclusions: The diagnosis code-only algorithm for COVID-19 hospitalization showed low validity throughout the study period. The algorithms for hospitalizations, moderate or higher status, and severe status with COVID-19, consisting of both diagnosis codes and procedure codes, showed high validity in some periods.

背景:本研究旨在开发基于索赔的算法,用于识别冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)住院患者和疾病严重程度:本研究旨在开发和验证基于报销单的算法,用于识别冠状病毒病(COVID-19)住院患者和疾病严重程度:我们使用的理赔数据包括 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 12 月 31 日期间国家全球医学中心医院的所有患者。使用诊断代码(ICD-10 代码:U07.1、B34.2)和相关医疗程序代码,针对 COVID-19 的三种状态(住院、中度或更高状态和重度状态)制定了基于索赔的算法。真实病例通过 COVID-19 住院病人登记表和电子病历确定。以 6 个月为间隔计算每种算法的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值 (PPV) 和阴性预测值 (NPV):在 75,711 名患者中,真正的住院病例数为 1,192 例,中度或更严重病例数为 622 例,严重病例数为 55 例。仅使用诊断代码的住院算法灵敏度为 90.4% 至 94.9%,PPV 为 9.3% 至 19.4%。在由诊断代码和手术代码组成的算法中,以下时段的灵敏度和 PPV 较高:住院(2021 年 1 月至 6 月)分别为 93.9% 和 97.1%,中度或更高状态(2021 年 7 月至 12 月)分别为 90.4% 和 87.5%,重度状态(2020 年 7 月至 12 月)分别为 92.3% 和 85.7%。几乎所有算法的特异性和净现值都在 99% 左右:结论:在整个研究期间,COVID-19 住院的纯诊断代码算法显示出较低的有效性。由诊断代码和手术代码组成的 COVID-19 住院、中度或更高状态和重度状态算法在某些时期显示出较高的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Shedding light on the hidden methamphetamine abuse: a nation-wide 7-year post-mortem study in Taiwan 揭示隐藏的甲基苯丙胺滥用:台湾为期 7 年的全国尸检研究
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230263
Shyh-Yuh Wei, Chien-Chou Su, Hsuan-Yun Hu, Szu-Yu Lin, Chih-Hsin Pan

Background: The number of methamphetamine-related deaths has been increasing in recent decades. However, current data primarily rely on a few large-scale national surveys, highlighting the need for diverse data sources. Post-mortem studies offer advantages that compensate for the limitations of cohort studies. In this study, we aimed to (1) examine mortality rates and years of potential life lost, (2) compare proportionate mortality with previous cohort studies, and (3) quantitatively investigate causes of death as potential risk factors associated with each manner of death.

Methods: We analyzed 740 cases from 2013 to 2019 in Taiwan.

Results: The mean age of cases was 38.4 years, with a notable loss of 30s years of potential life, and 79.6% were male. The crude mortality rate was 0.45 per 100,000 person-years. The proportionate mortality indicated that autopsy dataset, compared to cohort studies, provided more accurate estimations for accidental deaths, equivalent suicides, underestimated natural deaths, and overestimated homicides. Accidental deaths were evident in 67% of cases with 80% attributed to drug intoxication. Multiple substances were detected in 61% of cases, with psychiatric medications detected in 43% of cases. Higher methamphetamine concentrations and a greater proportion of multiple substances and benzodiazepines were detected in suicidal deaths. Among accidental deaths, traffic accidents (7.9%) were the second most common cause, particularly motorcycle riders.

Conclusions: Using autopsy dataset as a secondary source, we identified that over half of the cases involved accidental drug intoxication. The significant proportion of cases involving multiple substances, psychiatric medications, and drug-impaired driving raises concerning.

背景:近几十年来,与甲基苯丙胺相关的死亡人数不断增加。然而,目前的数据主要依赖于一些大规模的全国性调查,这凸显了对多样化数据来源的需求。死后研究具有弥补队列研究局限性的优势。在本研究中,我们的目标是:(1)研究死亡率和潜在生命损失年数;(2)比较与以往队列研究的死亡率比例;(3)定量研究作为与每种死亡方式相关的潜在风险因素的死亡原因:我们分析了台湾 2013 年至 2019 年的 740 个病例:病例的平均年龄为 38.4 岁,显著损失了 30 年的潜在寿命,79.6% 为男性。粗死亡率为每 10 万人年 0.45 例。按比例计算的死亡率表明,与队列研究相比,尸检数据集对意外死亡、等同自杀、低估自然死亡和高估他杀的估计更为准确。67%的病例明显属于意外死亡,其中80%归因于药物中毒。61%的病例中检测到多种药物,43%的病例中检测到精神药物。在自杀死亡病例中,甲基苯丙胺的浓度较高,多种药物和苯二氮卓的比例较大。在意外死亡中,交通事故(7.9%)是第二大常见原因,尤其是摩托车驾驶员:利用尸检数据作为第二手资料,我们发现超过一半的病例涉及意外药物中毒。涉及多种药物、精神药物和药害驾驶的病例所占比例相当大,令人担忧。
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引用次数: 0
Suicide risk among patients with cancer by sex in Japan: A population-based study 日本癌症患者按性别分列的自杀风险:基于人口的研究
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230280
Shinichi Kitagawa, Tomotaka Sobue, Ling Zha, Toshitaka Morishima, Yuko Ohno, Isao Miyashiro

Background: In Japan, few studies have examined suicide risk for five-year relative survival rates for cancer sites. Since five-year relative survival rates differ by sex, we aim to examine suicide risk for patients with cancer separately for men and women.

Methods: We estimated the risk of suicide among patients with cancer by sex in Japan compared to the general population, using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Patients with cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1985–December 31, 2013 and registered in the Osaka Cancer Registry were followed-up with for up to 10 years. The outcome was suicide death. In addition, cancer sites were classified into three prognosis groups based on five-year relative survival rates: good (> 70%), moderate (40–70%), poor (< 40%).

Results: Among 623 995 patients with cancer observed for 2 349 432 person-years, 1210 patients died by suicide (867 men and 343 women). The SMRs were almost equal for men (1.66, 95% CI, 1.55-1.77) and women (1.65, 95% CI, 1.48-1.83). SMRs for cancer prognosis groups were 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84-1.22) for men and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.24-1.73) for women in the good group, 1.53 (95% CI, 1.39-1.68) for men and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.47-2.05) for women in the moderate group, and 2.54 (95% CI, 2.27-2.85) for men and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.43-2.46) for women in the poor group.

Conclusions: In this population, both sexes had higher suicide risk with poor prognosis, but the difference in SMRs between the good and poor groups was smaller for women than men.

研究背景在日本,很少有研究对癌症患者五年相对生存率的自杀风险进行调查。由于五年相对生存率因性别而异,我们旨在分别研究男性和女性癌症患者的自杀风险:我们使用标准化死亡率(SMR)估算了日本癌症患者与普通人群相比的自杀风险(按性别分列)。我们对在 1985 年 1 月 1 日至 2013 年 12 月 31 日期间确诊并在大阪癌症登记处登记的癌症患者进行了长达 10 年的跟踪调查。结果为自杀死亡。此外,根据五年相对生存率将癌症部位分为三个预后组:良好(70%)、中等(40%-70%)和较差(40%):在观察了 2 349 432 人年的 623 995 名癌症患者中,有 1210 名患者死于自杀(男性 867 人,女性 343 人)。男性(1.66,95% CI,1.55-1.77)和女性(1.65,95% CI,1.48-1.83)的自杀死亡率几乎相同。癌症预后组的SMRs分别为:良好组男性为1.01(95% CI,0.84-1.22),女性为1.47(95% CI,1.24-1.73);中等组男性为1.53(95% CI,1.39-1.68),女性为1.74(95% CI,1.47-2.05);不良组男性为2.54(95% CI,2.27-2.85),女性为1.87(95% CI,1.43-2.46):在这一人群中,预后不良的男女自杀风险都较高,但良好组和不良组之间的SMRs差异,女性小于男性。
{"title":"Suicide risk among patients with cancer by sex in Japan: A population-based study","authors":"Shinichi Kitagawa, Tomotaka Sobue, Ling Zha, Toshitaka Morishima, Yuko Ohno, Isao Miyashiro","doi":"10.2188/jea.je20230280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20230280","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p><b>Background</b>: In Japan, few studies have examined suicide risk for five-year relative survival rates for cancer sites. Since five-year relative survival rates differ by sex, we aim to examine suicide risk for patients with cancer separately for men and women.</p><p><b>Methods</b>: We estimated the risk of suicide among patients with cancer by sex in Japan compared to the general population, using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Patients with cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1985–December 31, 2013 and registered in the Osaka Cancer Registry were followed-up with for up to 10 years. The outcome was suicide death. In addition, cancer sites were classified into three prognosis groups based on five-year relative survival rates: good (&gt; 70%), moderate (40–70%), poor (&lt; 40%).</p><p><b>Results</b>: Among 623 995 patients with cancer observed for 2 349 432 person-years, 1210 patients died by suicide (867 men and 343 women). The SMRs were almost equal for men (1.66, 95% CI, 1.55-1.77) and women (1.65, 95% CI, 1.48-1.83). SMRs for cancer prognosis groups were 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84-1.22) for men and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.24-1.73) for women in the good group, 1.53 (95% CI, 1.39-1.68) for men and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.47-2.05) for women in the moderate group, and 2.54 (95% CI, 2.27-2.85) for men and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.43-2.46) for women in the poor group.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>: In this population, both sexes had higher suicide risk with poor prognosis, but the difference in SMRs between the good and poor groups was smaller for women than men.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association between temporary employment and current smoking and change in smoking behaviors: A prospective cohort study from South Korea (2009–2018) 临时就业与当前吸烟及吸烟行为变化之间的关系:韩国前瞻性队列研究(2009-2018年)
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230223
Seong-Uk Baek, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Taeyeon Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won

Background Previous studies have suggested that employment insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes. We explored the association between temporary employment and smoking behaviors.

Methods We analyzed 11,795 workers (51,867 observations) from the Korea Health Panel Study (2009–2018). Employment types were categorized as regular, fixed-term, or daily, based on the duration of labor contract. The outcomes were current smoking status and changes in smoking behavior (initiation or cessation) in the following year. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results The proportions of fixed-term and daily workers were 41.2% and 16.4% for women and 23.6% and 12.4% for men, respectively. Temporary employment was associated with increased odds of current smoking, while also demonstrating prospective associations with changes in smoking behaviors. For instance, in prospective analyses, male workers with fixed-term and daily employments were associated with a decreased likelihood of smoking cessation (OR:0.77; 95% CI:0.65–0.91 for fixed-term employment and OR:0.66; 95% CI:0.52–0.83 for daily employment) in the following year compared to those with regular employment. Moreover, those experiencing consecutive temporary employment was most inversely associated with smoking cessation in both men (OR:0.56; 95% CI:0.44–0.71) and women (OR:0.37; 95% CI:0.16–0.85) compared to those experiencing consecutive regular employment. However, no clear association between temporary employment and smoking initiation was observed in both men and women.

Conclusions Temporary employment is directly associated with current smoking and inversely associated with smoking cessation. Policies are needed to improve job insecurity among temporary employees.

背景 以往的研究表明,就业不稳定与不良健康结果有关。我们对韩国健康面板研究(2009-2018 年)中的 11,795 名工人(51,867 个观察值)进行了分析。根据劳动合同的期限,将就业类型分为定期、定期和日工。研究结果是当前的吸烟状况和下一年吸烟行为的变化(开始吸烟或戒烟)。结果 女性定期工和日工的比例分别为 41.2% 和 16.4%,男性分别为 23.6% 和 12.4%。临时工与当前吸烟几率的增加有关,同时也显示出与吸烟行为变化的前瞻性关联。例如,在前瞻性分析中,与有固定工作的男性相比,有固定工作和每日工作的男性在下一年戒烟的可能性降低(固定工作的戒烟率为0.77;95% CI为0.65-0.91;每日工作的戒烟率为0.66;95% CI为0.52-0.83)。此外,与连续正规就业者相比,男性(OR:0.56;95% CI:0.44-0.71)和女性(OR:0.37;95% CI:0.16-0.85)连续临时就业者与戒烟的关系最为不利。结论 临时就业与当前吸烟直接相关,而与戒烟成反比。需要制定相关政策来改善临时雇员的工作不稳定性。
{"title":"Association between temporary employment and current smoking and change in smoking behaviors: A prospective cohort study from South Korea (2009–2018)","authors":"Seong-Uk Baek, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Taeyeon Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won","doi":"10.2188/jea.je20230223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20230223","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p><b>Background</b> Previous studies have suggested that employment insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes. We explored the association between temporary employment and smoking behaviors.</p><p><b>Methods</b> We analyzed 11,795 workers (51,867 observations) from the Korea Health Panel Study (2009–2018). Employment types were categorized as regular, fixed-term, or daily, based on the duration of labor contract. The outcomes were current smoking status and changes in smoking behavior (initiation or cessation) in the following year. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><b>Results</b> The proportions of fixed-term and daily workers were 41.2% and 16.4% for women and 23.6% and 12.4% for men, respectively. Temporary employment was associated with increased odds of current smoking, while also demonstrating prospective associations with changes in smoking behaviors. For instance, in prospective analyses, male workers with fixed-term and daily employments were associated with a decreased likelihood of smoking cessation (OR:0.77; 95% CI:0.65–0.91 for fixed-term employment and OR:0.66; 95% CI:0.52–0.83 for daily employment) in the following year compared to those with regular employment. Moreover, those experiencing consecutive temporary employment was most inversely associated with smoking cessation in both men (OR:0.56; 95% CI:0.44–0.71) and women (OR:0.37; 95% CI:0.16–0.85) compared to those experiencing consecutive regular employment. However, no clear association between temporary employment and smoking initiation was observed in both men and women.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b> Temporary employment is directly associated with current smoking and inversely associated with smoking cessation. Policies are needed to improve job insecurity among temporary employees.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patient Characteristics and Public Health Office Factors Associated With Long Reporting Delay of COVID-19 Cases in Sapporo City, Japan. 与日本札幌市COVID-19病例长期拖延报告有关的患者特征和公共卫生办公室因素。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Epub Date: 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20220359
Daichi Watanuki, Akiko Tamakoshi, Takashi Kimura, Toshiaki Asakura, Masayuki Saijo

Background: For therapeutic efficacy, molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir must be started to treat patients within 5 days of disease onset to treat patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, some patients spend more than 5 days from disease onset before reporting to the Public Health Office. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of patients with reporting delay.

Methods: This study included data from 12,399 patients with COVID-19 who reported to the Public Health Office from March 3rd, 2021 to June 30th, 2021. Patients were stratified into "linked" (n = 7,814) and "unlinked" (n = 4,585) cases depending on whether they were linked to other patients. A long reporting delay was defined as the difference between the onset and reporting dates of 5 days or more. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using log-binomial regression to identify factors related to long reporting delay, and prevalence ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results: The proportion of long reporting delay was 24.4% (1,904/7,814) and 29.3% (1,344/4,585) in linked and unlinked cases, respectively. Risks of long reporting delay among linked cases were living alone and onset on the day with a higher 7-day daily average confirmed cases or onset on weekends; whereas, risks for unlinked cases were age over 65 years, without occupation, and living alone.

Conclusion: Our results suggest the necessity to establish a Public Health Office system that is less susceptible to the rapid increase in the number of patients, promotes educational activities for people with fewer social connections, and improves access to health care.

背景:为了达到治疗效果,治疗 COVID-19 患者必须在发病后 5 天内开始使用莫仑匹韦和尼马瑞韦-利托那韦。然而,一些患者在发病 5 天后才向公共卫生办公室报告。本研究旨在明确报告延迟患者的特征:本研究纳入了从 2021 年 3 月 3 日至 2021 年 6 月 30 日期间向公共卫生办公室报告的 12,399 名 COVID-19 患者的数据。根据患者是否与其他患者关联,将患者分为 "关联"(7,814 人)和 "非关联"(4,585 人)病例。报告延迟时间过长的定义是发病日期和报告日期相差 5 天或 5 天以上。采用对数二叉回归法进行了单变量和多变量分析,以确定与报告延迟时间长有关的因素,并计算了患病率比和相应的 95% 置信区间:在有关联和无关联的病例中,长期延迟报告的比例分别为 24.4%(1904/7814)和 29.3%(1344/4585)。在关联病例中,长时间延迟报告的风险是独居、发病当天的 7 天日均确诊病例数较高或在周末发病;而在非关联病例中,长时间延迟报告的风险是年龄超过 65 岁、无职业和独居:我们的研究结果表明,有必要建立一个公共卫生办公室系统,使其不易受患者人数快速增长的影响,促进对社会关系较少的人开展教育活动,并改善医疗服务的可及性。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary Consumption of Antioxidant Vitamins in Relation to Prostate Cancer Risk in Japanese Men: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. 日本男性膳食中抗氧化维生素的摄入量与前列腺癌风险的关系:日本公共卫生中心前瞻性研究》。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20220235
Sanyu Ge, Ling Zha, Tomotaka Sobue, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Junko Ishihara, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Taiki Yamaji, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada

Background: Many epidemiological studies have investigated dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins in relation to prostate cancer risk in Western countries, but the results are inconsistent. However, few studies have reported this relationship in Asian countries.

Methods: We investigated the association between intake of vitamins, including lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, with prostate cancer risk in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective (JPHC) study. 40,720 men without history of cancer finished the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were included in the study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prostate cancer risk were calculated according to the quintiles of energy-adjusted intake of vitamins using Cox models.

Results: After an average of 15.2 years (617,599 person-years in total) of follow-up, 1,386 cases of prostate cancer were identified, including 944 localized cases and 340 advanced cases. No associations were observed in consumption of antioxidant vitamins, including α-carotene, β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E, and prostate cancer risk. Although higher lycopene intake was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (highest vs lowest quintile, HR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.47; P for trend = 0.01), there was a null association of lycopene intake with risk of prostate cancer detected by subjective symptoms (HR 1.12; 95% CI, 0.79-1.58; P for trend = 0.11).

Conclusion: Our study suggested no association between antioxidant intake of vitamins and prostate cancer risk.

背景:在西方国家,许多流行病学研究调查了膳食中抗氧化维生素摄入量与前列腺癌风险的关系,但结果并不一致。然而,在亚洲国家却很少有研究报道这种关系:方法:我们在基于日本公共卫生中心的前瞻性(JPHC)研究中调查了维生素(包括番茄红素、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、维生素 C、维生素 E)摄入量与前列腺癌风险之间的关系。40720名无癌症病史的男性填写了食物频率问卷(FFQ)并被纳入研究。根据能量调整后维生素摄入量的五分位数,利用 Cox 模型计算了前列腺癌风险的危险比(HRs)和 95% 置信区间(CIs):经过平均 15.2 年(共 617,599 人年)的随访,共发现 1,386 例前列腺癌病例,其中包括 944 例局部病例和 340 例晚期病例。在抗氧化维生素(包括α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、维生素C和维生素E)的摄入量与前列腺癌风险之间没有发现任何关联。虽然番茄红素摄入量增加与前列腺癌风险增加有关(最高与最低的HR为1.24;95% CI为1.04-1.47;P为趋势=0.01),但番茄红素摄入量与通过主观症状检测出的前列腺癌风险无关联(HR为1.12;95% CI为0.79-1.58;P为趋势=0.11):我们的研究表明,维生素抗氧化剂的摄入量与前列腺癌风险之间没有关联。
{"title":"Dietary Consumption of Antioxidant Vitamins in Relation to Prostate Cancer Risk in Japanese Men: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.","authors":"Sanyu Ge, Ling Zha, Tomotaka Sobue, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Junko Ishihara, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Taiki Yamaji, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada","doi":"10.2188/jea.JE20220235","DOIUrl":"10.2188/jea.JE20220235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many epidemiological studies have investigated dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins in relation to prostate cancer risk in Western countries, but the results are inconsistent. However, few studies have reported this relationship in Asian countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the association between intake of vitamins, including lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, with prostate cancer risk in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective (JPHC) study. 40,720 men without history of cancer finished the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were included in the study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prostate cancer risk were calculated according to the quintiles of energy-adjusted intake of vitamins using Cox models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After an average of 15.2 years (617,599 person-years in total) of follow-up, 1,386 cases of prostate cancer were identified, including 944 localized cases and 340 advanced cases. No associations were observed in consumption of antioxidant vitamins, including α-carotene, β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E, and prostate cancer risk. Although higher lycopene intake was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (highest vs lowest quintile, HR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.47; P for trend = 0.01), there was a null association of lycopene intake with risk of prostate cancer detected by subjective symptoms (HR 1.12; 95% CI, 0.79-1.58; P for trend = 0.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggested no association between antioxidant intake of vitamins and prostate cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"144-153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10853041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9793734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combined Fat Mass and Fat-free Mass Indices and Lung Function Among Japanese Population: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study. 日本人口的综合脂肪量和无脂肪量指数与肺功能:东北医疗大型数据库社区队列研究》。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20220355
Masato Takase, Mitsuhiro Yamada, Tomohiro Nakamura, Naoki Nakaya, Mana Kogure, Rieko Hatanaka, Kumi Nakaya, Ippei Chiba, Ikumi Kanno, Kotaro Nochioka, Naho Tsuchiya, Takumi Hirata, Yohei Hamanaka, Junichi Sugawara, Tomoko Kobayashi, Nobuo Fuse, Akira Uruno, Eiichi N Kodama, Shinichi Kuriyama, Ichiro Tsuji, Atsushi Hozawa

Background: Although fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) affect lung function, FMI and FFMI are not independent of each other, since FMI and FFMI were calculated as fat mass and fat-free mass divided by height squared, respectively. We aimed to examine the association of combined FMI and FFMI with lung function.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, lung function was evaluated using forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) measured using spirometry. Both FMI and FFMI were classified into sex-specific quartiles (16 groups). Analysis of covariance was used to assess the associations of combined FMI and FFMI with lung function. The trend test was conducted by stratifying the FMI and FFMI, scoring the categories from 1-4 (lowest-highest), and entering the number as a continuous term in the regression model.

Results: This study included 3,736 men and 8,821 women aged ≥20 years living in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The mean FEV1 was 3.0 (standard deviation [SD], 0.7) L for men and 2.3 (SD, 0.5) L for women. The mean FVC was 3.8 (SD, 0.7) L for men and 2.8 (SD, 0.5) L for women. FMI was inversely associated with lung function among all FFMI subgroups in both sexes. Conversely, FFMI was positively associated with lung function in all FMI subgroups in both sexes.

Conclusion: Higher FMI was associated with lower lung function independent of FFMI; higher FFMI was associated with higher lung function independent of FMI. Reducing FMI and maintaining FFMI might be important for respiratory health.

背景:虽然脂肪质量指数(FMI)和无脂肪质量指数(FFMI)会影响肺功能,但由于FMI和FFMI分别是以脂肪质量和无脂肪质量除以身高的平方计算得出的,因此两者并不是相互独立的。我们的目的是研究 FMI 和 FFMI 与肺功能的关系:在这项横断面研究中,使用 1 秒用力呼气量评估肺功能,并使用肺活量计测量用力肺活量。将 FMI 和 FFMI 按性别分为四等分(16 组)。采用协方差分析法评估 FMI 和 FFMI 与肺功能的关系。趋势检验的方法是对 FMI 和 FFMI 进行分层,从 1-4 级(最低-最高)进行打分,并将数字作为连续项输入回归模型:这项研究包括居住在日本宫城县的 3736 名男性和 8821 名女性,他们的年龄都≥20 岁。男性的平均 FEV1(标准偏差)为 3.0 (0.7) L,女性为 2.3 (0.5) L。男性的平均 FVC 为 3.8 (0.7) L,女性为 2.8 (0.5) L。在所有 FFMI 亚组中,男性和女性的 FMI 均与肺功能成反比。相反,在所有 FMI 亚组中,FFMI 与男女肺功能均呈正相关:结论:较高的 FMI 与较低的肺功能相关,而与 FFMI 无关;较高的 FFMI 与较高的肺功能相关,而与 FMI 无关。降低 FMI 和保持 FFMI 可能对呼吸系统健康很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Diabetes, Prediabetes, and the Risk of a Composite Outcome of Long-term Sickness Absence and Pre-retirement Death Due to Physical Disorders. 糖尿病、糖尿病前期以及因身体疾病导致长期缺勤和退休前死亡的综合结果的风险。
IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Epub Date: 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20220245
Ami Fukunaga, Yosuke Inoue, Tohru Nakagawa, Toru Honda, Shuichiro Yamamoto, Hiroko Okazaki, Makoto Yamamoto, Toshiaki Miyamoto, Takeshi Kochi, Masafumi Eguchi, Naoki Gommori, Kenya Yamamoto, Ai Hori, Maki Konishi, Nobumi Katayama, Isamu Kabe, Seitaro Dohi, Tetsuya Mizoue

Background: Diabetes and prediabetes have been linked with morbidity or mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, or other physical disorders among working-age populations, but less is known about outcomes directly related to labor loss (eg, Tlong-term sickness absence [LTSA] or pre-retirement death due to physical disorders).This prospective study aimed to examine the association of diabetes and prediabetes with the risk of a composite outcome of LTSA and pre-retirement death due to physical disorders. The present study also examined the associations of severe outcomes (LTSA or death) due to specific physical disorders or injuries/external causes in relation to diabetes and prediabetes.

Methods: Data were derived from the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health study. A total of 60,519 workers from 12 companies were followed for 8 years. Diabetes and prediabetes were defined based on the American Diabetes Association criteria. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the association between diabetes/prediabetes and severe outcomes due to physical disorders or injuries/external causes.

Results: The adjusted hazard ratios of severe outcomes due to all physical disorders were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.45) and 2.32 (95% CI, 2.04-2.64) for prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. In cause-specific analyses, an increased risk was observed for severe outcomes due to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and injuries/external causes in relation to either or both diabetes and prediabetes.

Conclusion: Diabetes and prediabetes were associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes due to physical disorders or injuries/external causes among Japanese workers.

背景:糖尿病和糖尿病前期与工作年龄人口中心血管疾病、癌症或其他身体疾病的发病率或死亡率有关,但对与劳动力损失直接相关的结果(如长期病假或因身体疾病导致的退休前死亡)却知之甚少。这项前瞻性研究旨在探讨糖尿病和糖尿病前期与因身体疾病导致的长期病假和退休前死亡的综合结果风险之间的关联。本研究还探讨了因特定身体疾病或受伤/外部原因导致的严重后果(LTSA或死亡)与糖尿病和糖尿病前期的相关性:数据来自日本职业健康流行病学合作研究。共对 12 家公司的 60,519 名工人进行了为期 8 年的跟踪调查。糖尿病和糖尿病前期是根据美国糖尿病协会的标准定义的。研究采用 Cox 比例危险回归模型来检验糖尿病/糖尿病前期与身体疾病或受伤/外部原因导致的严重后果之间的关系:糖尿病前期和糖尿病患者因所有身体疾病导致严重后果的调整后危险比(95%置信区间)分别为1.22(1.02-1.45)和2.32(2.04-2.64)。在具体病因分析中,发现癌症、心血管疾病、肌肉骨骼系统疾病和外伤/外因导致严重后果的风险与糖尿病或糖尿病前期有关:结论:在日本工人中,糖尿病和糖尿病前期与身体疾病或伤害/外部原因导致的严重后果的风险增加有关。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Epidemiology
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