Fatty acid composition of pericarp and seed of Rhus coriaria L., grown wild from ten different regions of Turkey, was determined. Fatty acid analysis was carried out by gas chromatography (GC). The main fatty acids of pericarps were oleic (33.78-52.57%), palmitic (16.99-29.76%), linoleic (11.6021.91%) and linolenic (0.33-1.33%) acids. In addition, linoleic (49.35-60.57%), oleic (24.58-32.05%), palmitic (8.32-13.58%), stearic (1.57-3.03%) and linolenic (0.46-0.74%) acids were established as major fatty acids of sumach seeds.
{"title":"Fatty acid composition of seed and pericarp of sumach (Rhus coriaria L.) grown wild in different regions of Turkey","authors":"A. Ünver, M. Özcan","doi":"10.5072/ZENODO.36242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5072/ZENODO.36242","url":null,"abstract":"Fatty acid composition of pericarp and seed of Rhus coriaria L., grown wild from ten different regions of Turkey, was determined. Fatty acid analysis was carried out by gas chromatography (GC). The main fatty acids of pericarps were oleic (33.78-52.57%), palmitic (16.99-29.76%), linoleic (11.6021.91%) and linolenic (0.33-1.33%) acids. In addition, linoleic (49.35-60.57%), oleic (24.58-32.05%), palmitic (8.32-13.58%), stearic (1.57-3.03%) and linolenic (0.46-0.74%) acids were established as major fatty acids of sumach seeds.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"30 1","pages":"31-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91348604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to monitor Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes contamination of leafy green vegetables produced in urban and periurban agricultural fields with natural water irrigation. A total of 164 samples comprising of different leafy green vegetables (8 basils, 15 dills, 20 garden cresses, 16 kales, 12 lettuces, 19 mints, 19 parsleys, 18 purslanes, 1 radish, 20 rockets, 14 scallions and 2 spinaches) were randomly collected from nearby agricultural fields in the close vicinity of Ankara Stream over an 8-month period between April 2007 and November 2007. Samples were examined for Salmonella and L. monocytogenes using ISO methods with immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and then polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No Salmonella and L. monocytogenes was detected from the 25-g radish, spinach and scallion samples tested. However, 23 samples (1 basil, 2 dills, 1 garden cress, 1 kale, 2 lettuces, 4 mints, 3 parsleys, 5 purslanes and 4 rockets) were positive for Salmonella and 14 samples (3 basils, 1 dill, 1 garden cress, 2 kales, 1 lettuce, 1 mint, 2 parsleys, 1 purslane and 2 rockets) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Overall, important contamination of leafy green vegetables by Salmonella and L. monocytogenes was observed. Therefore, this study will draw attention to the production of freshly consumed leafy green vegetables and so will aid in the development of control measures for these pathogens before harvesting and will highlight the importance of their intake which may cause a communicable disease and so pose a serious threat to both environment and human health.
{"title":"Evaluation of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes contamination on leafy green vegetables","authors":"S. A. Aytac, U. Ben, C. Cengiz, B. Taban","doi":"10.5072/ZENODO.36512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5072/ZENODO.36512","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to monitor Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes contamination of leafy green vegetables produced in urban and periurban agricultural fields with natural water irrigation. A total of 164 samples comprising of different leafy green vegetables (8 basils, 15 dills, 20 garden cresses, 16 kales, 12 lettuces, 19 mints, 19 parsleys, 18 purslanes, 1 radish, 20 rockets, 14 scallions and 2 spinaches) were randomly collected from nearby agricultural fields in the close vicinity of Ankara Stream over an 8-month period between April 2007 and November 2007. Samples were examined for Salmonella and L. monocytogenes using ISO methods with immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and then polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No Salmonella and L. monocytogenes was detected from the 25-g radish, spinach and scallion samples tested. However, 23 samples (1 basil, 2 dills, 1 garden cress, 1 kale, 2 lettuces, 4 mints, 3 parsleys, 5 purslanes and 4 rockets) were positive for Salmonella and 14 samples (3 basils, 1 dill, 1 garden cress, 2 kales, 1 lettuce, 1 mint, 2 parsleys, 1 purslane and 2 rockets) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Overall, important contamination of leafy green vegetables by Salmonella and L. monocytogenes was observed. Therefore, this study will draw attention to the production of freshly consumed leafy green vegetables and so will aid in the development of control measures for these pathogens before harvesting and will highlight the importance of their intake which may cause a communicable disease and so pose a serious threat to both environment and human health.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"55 1","pages":"275-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80203101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plums cv. Blackamber were treated with 250, 500, 750, 1000 nl l-1 of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) upon harvest at two ripening stages (S1 and S2) followed by 15, 30, 45 days of cold storage at 0 o C and 90% RH and their subsequent 3 days of shelf life at 20 o C during the years 2008 and 2009. All doses of 1-MCP retarded the softening of fruits at both ripening stages in both years, suppressed the ethylene production and slowed down titratable acidity losses during shelf life. Hence the storability of 1-MCP-treated plums could be extended up to 2 weeks of cold storage plus 3 days of shelf life at 20 o C. 1-MCP treatment was effective on fruits even at late harvest stage (S2), an important aspect for fruits harvested at later stages depending on market demands. Results of the present work revealed that applied doses of 1-MCP were effective in maintaining fruit quality attributes even with late harvested fruits in addition to the extension of shelf life during cold storage at 0oC at 90% RH and subsequent shelf life at 20oC.
{"title":"Ripening and quality response of 'Blackamber' plums to 1-methylcyclopropene during long-term storage","authors":"O. Özkaya, Ö. Dündar, H. Demircioğlu","doi":"10.5072/ZENODO.35976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5072/ZENODO.35976","url":null,"abstract":"Plums cv. Blackamber were treated with 250, 500, 750, 1000 nl l-1 of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) upon harvest at two ripening stages (S1 and S2) followed by 15, 30, 45 days of cold storage at 0 o C and 90% RH and their subsequent 3 days of shelf life at 20 o C during the years 2008 and 2009. All doses of 1-MCP retarded the softening of fruits at both ripening stages in both years, suppressed the ethylene production and slowed down titratable acidity losses during shelf life. Hence the storability of 1-MCP-treated plums could be extended up to 2 weeks of cold storage plus 3 days of shelf life at 20 o C. 1-MCP treatment was effective on fruits even at late harvest stage (S2), an important aspect for fruits harvested at later stages depending on market demands. Results of the present work revealed that applied doses of 1-MCP were effective in maintaining fruit quality attributes even with late harvested fruits in addition to the extension of shelf life during cold storage at 0oC at 90% RH and subsequent shelf life at 20oC.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"59 1","pages":"284-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84712021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cihat Gunden, B. Türkekul, B. Miran, C. Abay, Sedef Akgüngör
The major aim of this study was to measure the preferences of Turkish consumers regarding places to purchase organic fruits and vegetables. The study also explored the factors influencing the degree of consumer preferences. The data were obtained from a survey of 803 randomly selected consumers from the five most developed regions of Turkey (Marmara, Central Anatolia, Aegean, Mediterranean and Black Sea), as well as the five most developed cities (Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana and Bolu) within the defined geographic regions. This study took place in two stages. In the first stage, fuzzy pair-wise comparison (FPC) was applied to calculate a measure of preferences. Five types of venues for the purchase of organic fruits and vegetables, local market, greengrocers, supermarkets/hypermarkets, web-based retailers (the internet) and specialized stores were suggested to consumers. The purchase places were ranked from most to least preferable depending on preference measures obtained from FPC. The results show that the most important venues for the purchase of these items are local markets and supermarkets/hypermarkets. The existing marketing channel via specialized stores is not a convenient marketing approach for Turkish consumers. The consumer preferences from the first stage were regressed upon the consumer-specific variables by using a Tobit model in the second stage. Preferences regarding places to purchase organic fruits and vegetables are mainly influenced by gender, age, education, income, family size, frequency of purchasing organic fruits and vegetables and regional differences. Policy makers dealing with agricultural marketing should consider differences in consumer preferences among regions and economical and demographic attributes of consumers for determining an efficient marketing channel.
{"title":"Consumer preferences for purchase places of organic fruits and vegetables in Turkey.","authors":"Cihat Gunden, B. Türkekul, B. Miran, C. Abay, Sedef Akgüngör","doi":"10.5072/ZENODO.33766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5072/ZENODO.33766","url":null,"abstract":"The major aim of this study was to measure the preferences of Turkish consumers regarding places to purchase organic fruits and vegetables. The study also explored the factors influencing the degree of consumer preferences. The data were obtained from a survey of 803 randomly selected consumers from the five most developed regions of Turkey (Marmara, Central Anatolia, Aegean, Mediterranean and Black Sea), as well as the five most developed cities (Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana and Bolu) within the defined geographic regions. This study took place in two stages. In the first stage, fuzzy pair-wise comparison (FPC) was applied to calculate a measure of preferences. Five types of venues for the purchase of organic fruits and vegetables, local market, greengrocers, supermarkets/hypermarkets, web-based retailers (the internet) and specialized stores were suggested to consumers. The purchase places were ranked from most to least preferable depending on preference measures obtained from FPC. The results show that the most important venues for the purchase of these items are local markets and supermarkets/hypermarkets. The existing marketing channel via specialized stores is not a convenient marketing approach for Turkish consumers. The consumer preferences from the first stage were regressed upon the consumer-specific variables by using a Tobit model in the second stage. Preferences regarding places to purchase organic fruits and vegetables are mainly influenced by gender, age, education, income, family size, frequency of purchasing organic fruits and vegetables and regional differences. Policy makers dealing with agricultural marketing should consider differences in consumer preferences among regions and economical and demographic attributes of consumers for determining an efficient marketing channel.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"69 1","pages":"144-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86400276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xylooligosaccharide (XO) production was performed by enzymatic hydrolysis of xylans which were obtained by alkali extraction from tobacco stalk (TS), cotton stalk (CS) and wheat straw (WS). Xylan was hydrolyzed using Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase preparation, and the effects of pH, temperature, hydrolysis period, substrate and enzyme concentrations on the xylooligosaccharide yield and degree of polymerization were investigated. It was found that these three agricultural wastes contained different amounts of xylan, cellulose and lignin and the xylan obtained from these sources contained different amounts of sugar and uronic acid. The xylan from WS had the highest amount of arabinose while the other xylans mainly had xylose and small amount of glucose. Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase hydrolyzed highly branched wheat straw xylan (WSX) better than cotton stalk xylan (CSX) and tobacco stalk xylan (TSX) under favorable conditions ( reaction time of 8 h at pH 4.6 and 50oC). The TLC analysis of the hydrolysis products indicated that the hydrolysis product of T. longibrachiatum xylanase contained different amounts of oligosaccharides (X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7) with some monosaccharides. Regardless of the structural differences of the xylan types presented in this paper, all xylans generated XO with different degree of polymerization (DP).
{"title":"Xylooligosaccharide production from lignocellulosic wastes with Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase","authors":"Oezlem Akpinar, Seyda Bostanci","doi":"10.5072/ZENODO.50780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5072/ZENODO.50780","url":null,"abstract":"Xylooligosaccharide (XO) production was performed by enzymatic hydrolysis of xylans which were obtained by alkali extraction from tobacco stalk (TS), cotton stalk (CS) and wheat straw (WS). Xylan was hydrolyzed using Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase preparation, and the effects of pH, temperature, hydrolysis period, substrate and enzyme concentrations on the xylooligosaccharide yield and degree of polymerization were investigated. It was found that these three agricultural wastes contained different amounts of xylan, cellulose and lignin and the xylan obtained from these sources contained different amounts of sugar and uronic acid. The xylan from WS had the highest amount of arabinose while the other xylans mainly had xylose and small amount of glucose. Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase hydrolyzed highly branched wheat straw xylan (WSX) better than cotton stalk xylan (CSX) and tobacco stalk xylan (TSX) under favorable conditions ( reaction time of 8 h at pH 4.6 and 50oC). The TLC analysis of the hydrolysis products indicated that the hydrolysis product of T. longibrachiatum xylanase contained different amounts of oligosaccharides (X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7) with some monosaccharides. Regardless of the structural differences of the xylan types presented in this paper, all xylans generated XO with different degree of polymerization (DP).","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"50 1","pages":"70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85751643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experiments were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, to evaluate the effects of mulching materials on okra performance during the rainy seasons of 2004 and 2005. Three mulch types – plastic mulch, grass mulch (Panicum maximum) and wood (Tectonia grandis) shavings were compared with hand weeding and no weeding control in a randomized complete block experiment with three replications. Okra growth and yield were significantly influenced by the treatments (P<0.05). Plants under plastic and grass mulches had bigger leaves and stems, as well as higher number of branches compared to those of wood shavings mulch and weedy control plots. The plants were also significantly taller and were similar to plants under the hand weeding control in these parameters (P<0.05). Plants under the weedy control were the poorest in their growth attributes. The highest yield of 12,135 kg/ha was obtained under plastic mulch, which was significantly higher than all those other treatments (P<0.05). Yields from grass mulch (6,703 kg/ha) were similar to that of the hand weeding control (6,976 kg/ha). However, these were significantly higher than those of wood shavings mulch (5,301 kg/ha). Yield from the weedy control was the lowest (946 kg/ha; 14 g/plant).
在Ogbomoso Ladoke Akintola理工大学的教学与研究农场进行了试验，以评估2004年和2005年雨季覆盖材料对秋葵生产性能的影响。在3个重复的随机完全区组试验中，对三种覆盖类型——塑料覆盖、草覆盖(Panicum maximum)和木覆盖(Tectonia grandis)与手工除草和不除草对照进行了比较。各处理显著影响秋葵生长和产量(P<0.05)。与木屑地膜和杂草对照区相比，塑料地膜和草地膜下的植物有更大的叶子和茎，以及更多的树枝。这些参数与手除草处理相似，植株也显著增高(P<0.05)。杂草控制下的植株生长属性最差。覆膜处理产量最高，达到12135 kg/ha，显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。草覆盖的产量(6703公斤/公顷)与手除草控制的产量(6976公斤/公顷)相似。然而，这些显著高于木屑覆盖(5301公斤/公顷)。杂草对照产量最低(946公斤/公顷);14 g /植物)。
{"title":"Response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench) to weed control by mulching","authors":"O. S. Olabode, S. Ogunyemi, G. Adesina","doi":"10.4314/GJAS.V39I1.2124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJAS.V39I1.2124","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, to evaluate the effects of mulching materials on okra performance during the rainy seasons of 2004 and 2005. Three mulch types – plastic mulch, grass mulch (Panicum maximum) and wood (Tectonia grandis) shavings were compared with hand weeding and no weeding control in a randomized complete block experiment with three replications. Okra growth and yield were significantly influenced by the treatments (P<0.05). Plants under plastic and grass mulches had bigger leaves and stems, as well as higher number of branches compared to those of wood shavings mulch and weedy control plots. The plants were also significantly taller and were similar to plants under the hand weeding control in these parameters (P<0.05). Plants under the weedy control were the poorest in their growth attributes. The highest yield of 12,135 kg/ha was obtained under plastic mulch, which was significantly higher than all those other treatments (P<0.05). Yields from grass mulch (6,703 kg/ha) were similar to that of the hand weeding control (6,976 kg/ha). However, these were significantly higher than those of wood shavings mulch (5,301 kg/ha). Yield from the weedy control was the lowest (946 kg/ha; 14 g/plant).","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"7 3 1","pages":"324-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78309895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Local industrial tomato processing in Ghana remains insignificant in the mist of perennial tomato glut in the Upper East region of Ghana. A basis for processing decision making has been provided using exploratory research techniques to review tomato consumption, market segmentation and structure, production surpluses, prices and buying process of fresh and paste tomato. Fresh tomato surplus projects at 23,000 to 118,000 t p a (2000-2007) though actual glut period is short, occurring from February to March when 92 percent of farmers harvest, and traders use hedging tactics to avoid tomato spoiling on their hand. With the short glut period, large-scale processing requires planning and investment in semi- processed or cold storage facility, integrated project with cultivation of tomato variety suitable for harsh lean season climatic conditions and production staggering to prolong harvesting. Projected paste from surplus produce exceeds catchments area market, yet access is in competition with established brands such as Salsa, La bianca, Bonito, Tomaroma and Obaapa. Processing could target a paste market of 2,000-3,000 t, requiring l6,470 t fresh tomato, at a processing capacity of 2.3 t per hour, 24 hour-day and for 300 days p a, with plans for future expansion. This study was conducted in the last quarter of 2002.
{"title":"The market factor in the processing of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Ghana","authors":"M. Aggey, Y. Amoah, R. Bani","doi":"10.1234/4.2007.963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2007.963","url":null,"abstract":"Local industrial tomato processing in Ghana remains insignificant in the mist of perennial tomato glut in the Upper East region of Ghana. A basis for processing decision making has been provided using exploratory research techniques to review tomato consumption, market segmentation and structure, production surpluses, prices and buying process of fresh and paste tomato. Fresh tomato surplus projects at 23,000 to 118,000 t p a (2000-2007) though actual glut period is short, occurring from February to March when 92 percent of farmers harvest, and traders use hedging tactics to avoid tomato spoiling on their hand. With the short glut period, large-scale processing requires planning and investment in semi- processed or cold storage facility, integrated project with cultivation of tomato variety suitable for harsh lean season climatic conditions and production staggering to prolong harvesting. Projected paste from surplus produce exceeds catchments area market, yet access is in competition with established brands such as Salsa, La bianca, Bonito, Tomaroma and Obaapa. Processing could target a paste market of 2,000-3,000 t, requiring l6,470 t fresh tomato, at a processing capacity of 2.3 t per hour, 24 hour-day and for 300 days p a, with plans for future expansion. This study was conducted in the last quarter of 2002.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"9 1","pages":"12-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82107946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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