Devakunjari Vadibeler, Elijah Ugwu, N. Martínez-Villegas, B. Gupta
{"title":"Statistical analysis and optimisation of coagulation-flocculation process for recovery of kaolinite and calcium carbonate from suspensions using xanthan gum","authors":"Devakunjari Vadibeler, Elijah Ugwu, N. Martínez-Villegas, B. Gupta","doi":"10.1234/4.2020.5602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2020.5602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"24 1","pages":"103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79113185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an intense problem throughout the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly communicable viral infection, which began in Wuhan city of China and then spread around the world. It causes a respiratory infection including pneumonia, cold, sneezing and coughing. In December 2019, a striking outbreak of cryptic disease pneumonia occurred in Wuhan City of Hubei, China. After the outbreak in China, the virus spread through air droplets and when infected persons traveled from one place to another all over the world i.e. India, Italy, Iran, Turkey, USA etc. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified a Novel Coronavirus as the causative agent and subsequently termed it COVID-19. The objective of this review article is to give a preliminary opinion on the disease, its ways of transmission, symptomatology and precautionary measures in this early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak.
{"title":"Novel coronavirus, COVID-19: a systematic review on its transmission, symptoms and precautions","authors":"M. Tariq, A. Khan, M. A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1234/4.2020.5605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2020.5605","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an intense problem throughout the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly communicable viral infection, which began in Wuhan city of China and then spread around the world. It causes a respiratory infection including pneumonia, cold, sneezing and coughing. In December 2019, a striking outbreak of cryptic disease pneumonia occurred in Wuhan City of Hubei, China. After the outbreak in China, the virus spread through air droplets and when infected persons traveled from one place to another all over the world i.e. India, Italy, Iran, Turkey, USA etc. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified a Novel Coronavirus as the causative agent and subsequently termed it COVID-19. The objective of this review article is to give a preliminary opinion on the disease, its ways of transmission, symptomatology and precautionary measures in this early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"30 1","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81222501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides a brief outline of the present state of food security in India and shed some lights on the medium to short-term policy imperatives through the lens of social and solidarity economy in this COVID-19 emergency period. Availability and access (or entitlement) dimensions of foodsecurity is considered as these dimensions bears short run linkages with the COVID 19 emergency situation. Doorstep delivery of food can be an effective means through which physical distancing can be properly maintained. Social and solidarity economic agents can be properly utilized in the process of home delivery of food and community kitchens. In addition to local level innovative solution to food security, this paper also highlighted the need for solidarity at regional (across states of a country) and global (across countries of the world) level as no regional boundary can be able to solve this human crisis with its own capability.
{"title":"Need for ensuring food security in the wake of coronavirus outbreak in India: lessons from social and solidarity economy","authors":"A. Laha","doi":"10.1234/4.2020.5607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2020.5607","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a brief outline of the present state of food security in India and shed some lights on the medium to short-term policy imperatives through the lens of social and solidarity economy in this COVID-19 emergency period. Availability and access (or entitlement) dimensions of foodsecurity is considered as these dimensions bears short run linkages with the COVID 19 emergency situation. Doorstep delivery of food can be an effective means through which physical distancing can be properly maintained. Social and solidarity economic agents can be properly utilized in the process of home delivery of food and community kitchens. In addition to local level innovative solution to food security, this paper also highlighted the need for solidarity at regional (across states of a country) and global (across countries of the world) level as no regional boundary can be able to solve this human crisis with its own capability.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"62 1","pages":"14-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90677717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim was to study how corona virus outbreak has impacted the global economy and fluctuated world market due to restrictions over international trade and fall in GDP of India. Theoretical and numerical data were used from December 2019 to April 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic will shrink world output by 3% in 2020, IMF said in the April update of its world economic outlook (WEO) released in Washington DC the first after the magnitude of the outbreak became clear. India is a developing country whose GDP growth rate estimated for year 2020 is 1.9% by IMF which was estimated as 5.8% in January 2020, which was a sign of worst recession since great depression (1930s). It has been seen that 2.7 billion workers impacted by COVID-19 restrictions globally. Information is about the emergence of a deadly virus named novel corona virus and its spread to the whole world, how it affects the economy and human health. It is expected that if this virus cannot be controlled, then we have to face next great depression in near future.
{"title":"Pandemic novel corona virus and its long-run effects on world economy with special reference to GDP of India","authors":"T. M. U. Din, A. Afzal, T. A. Bhat","doi":"10.1234/4.2020.5606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2020.5606","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to study how corona virus outbreak has impacted the global economy and fluctuated world market due to restrictions over international trade and fall in GDP of India. Theoretical and numerical data were used from December 2019 to April 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic will shrink world output by 3% in 2020, IMF said in the April update of its world economic outlook (WEO) released in Washington DC the first after the magnitude of the outbreak became clear. India is a developing country whose GDP growth rate estimated for year 2020 is 1.9% by IMF which was estimated as 5.8% in January 2020, which was a sign of worst recession since great depression (1930s). It has been seen that 2.7 billion workers impacted by COVID-19 restrictions globally. Information is about the emergence of a deadly virus named novel corona virus and its spread to the whole world, how it affects the economy and human health. It is expected that if this virus cannot be controlled, then we have to face next great depression in near future.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"44 1","pages":"10-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75767642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Providing information about weather patterns and climate variability directly to farmers has the potential to improve productivity by allowing farmers to make better and more informed decisions regarding their farming practices. For this to succeed, we need to know what the most appropriate and useful information is, how best to transfer it and how to overcome barriers to its transfer. This study fills the gap in our understanding through focus on the small island nation of Timor-Leste, where improving agricultural productivity and overall food security is a key challenge. This is compounded by a rapidly expanding population, poor agricultural conditions, a reliance on small-scale subsistence farming and the impacts of climate change such as increased temperature and altered rainfall patterns. Drawing from six focus groups (n = 29 farmers) in four districts, coupled with stakeholder interviews (n = 6), this study identified seasonal outlooks to be most desired by farmers, followed by shorter-term (daily, weekly) forecasts. Radio was considered as the most effective method to reach smallholder and subsistence farmers, although face-to-face communication was also highly valued by farmers. Language difficulties and low literacy levels, economic circumstances, some general misconceptions about climate change, and limited trust in community leaders were the main barriers to information transfer. If climate information is to be provided to farmers, it is essential that quality and accurate information is delivered, and those involved in liaising and communicating directly with farmers have the education and training to understand and accurately pass on this information.
{"title":"Providing useful climate information to subsistence farmers: The case of Timor-Leste","authors":"S. Watt, K. McNamara, H. Nesbitt","doi":"10.1234/4.2018.5484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2018.5484","url":null,"abstract":"Providing information about weather patterns and climate variability directly to farmers has the potential to improve productivity by allowing farmers to make better and more informed decisions regarding their farming practices. For this to succeed, we need to know what the most appropriate and useful information is, how best to transfer it and how to overcome barriers to its transfer. This study fills the gap in our understanding through focus on the small island nation of Timor-Leste, where improving agricultural productivity and overall food security is a key challenge. This is compounded by a rapidly expanding population, poor agricultural conditions, a reliance on small-scale subsistence farming and the impacts of climate change such as increased temperature and altered rainfall patterns. Drawing from six focus groups (n = 29 farmers) in four districts, coupled with stakeholder interviews (n = 6), this study identified seasonal outlooks to be most desired by farmers, followed by shorter-term (daily, weekly) forecasts. Radio was considered as the most effective method to reach smallholder and subsistence farmers, although face-to-face communication was also highly valued by farmers. Language difficulties and low literacy levels, economic circumstances, some general misconceptions about climate change, and limited trust in community leaders were the main barriers to information transfer. If climate information is to be provided to farmers, it is essential that quality and accurate information is delivered, and those involved in liaising and communicating directly with farmers have the education and training to understand and accurately pass on this information.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"121 1","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84707591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tegbaru, John FitsSimons, H. Kirscht, P. Hillbur
The aim of this paper was to bridge the socio-technical divide in agricultural systems research by providing an approach that addresses marginalized groups, particularly rural women, and their acce ...
{"title":"Resolving the Gender Empowerment Equation in agricultural research : A systems approach","authors":"A. Tegbaru, John FitsSimons, H. Kirscht, P. Hillbur","doi":"10.1234/4.2015.4094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2015.4094","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper was to bridge the socio-technical divide in agricultural systems research by providing an approach that addresses marginalized groups, particularly rural women, and their acce ...","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"81 1","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73681934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ocvirk, Marija Špoljarević, S. Markovic, M. Lisjak, Renata Hanzer, T. Teklić
The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of an imbibition during bulk seed conductivity test on maize seed germinability and to establish the relations among maize (Zea mays L.) seed conductivity and other vigour parameters in different germination conditions. Large and medium seed size of ten maize hybrids harvested in two subsequent years were tested by standard germination test (SG), cold test (CT) and electrical conductivity test (EC), as well as by germination test after EC evaluation. The effects of seed size, seed age, hybrid and their interactions were strongly expressed in the majority of analysed seed and seedling vigour parameters. Mean seed germinability evaluated after EC test was 91.7%, which was slightly lower than mean SG value (%), implying no significant imbibitional damage especially in hybrids with high seed vigour. EC value under 10 µS cm -1 g -1 was obtained with seed showing high germination and seedling vigour for both SG and CT. EC values higher than 12 µS cm -1 g -1 were recorded with seed samples showing low germinability after EC test, which germinated less than 50% in CT conditions as well. EC test value showed strong negative correlations with the most of the maize seed and seedling vigour parameters in the applied germination tests, such as germinability, germination rate, root and coleoptile length and seedling mass. The presented results may help in the standardization of this very applicable test for maize seed, and its adoption as a routine vigour test in maize seed production and quality control is suggested.
摘要本研究旨在探讨散装种子电导率试验中吸胀对玉米种子萌发能力的影响，并建立不同萌发条件下玉米种子电导率与其他活力参数之间的关系。采用标准发芽试验(SG)、低温试验(CT)和电导率试验(EC)以及电导率评价后的萌发试验，对连续两年收获的10个玉米杂交种的大、中种子大小进行了测定。种子大小、种龄、杂种及其相互作用对种子和幼苗活力的影响在大多数分析的种子和幼苗活力参数中得到了强烈表达。经EC试验测定的种子平均发芽率为91.7%，略低于平均SG值(%)，说明对种子活力高的杂交品种无显著的抑制作用。在10µS cm -1 g -1下获得EC值，SG和CT的种子萌发率和幼苗活力都很高。EC值高于12µS cm -1 g -1的种子样品在EC测试后显示出较低的发芽率，在CT条件下发芽率也低于50%。在应用萌发试验中，EC试验值与玉米种子和幼苗的大部分活力参数(如发芽率、发芽率、根和胚芽鞘长度、幼苗质量)呈极显著负相关。本文的研究结果有助于对这一非常适用的玉米种子检验方法进行标准化，并建议将其作为玉米种子生产和质量控制的常规活力检验方法。
{"title":"Seed germinability after imbibition in electrical conductivity test and relations among maize seed vigour parameters","authors":"D. Ocvirk, Marija Špoljarević, S. Markovic, M. Lisjak, Renata Hanzer, T. Teklić","doi":"10.1234/4.2014.4153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2014.4153","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of an imbibition during bulk seed conductivity test on maize seed germinability and to establish the relations among maize (Zea mays L.) seed conductivity and other vigour parameters in different germination conditions. Large and medium seed size of ten maize hybrids harvested in two subsequent years were tested by standard germination test (SG), cold test (CT) and electrical conductivity test (EC), as well as by germination test after EC evaluation. The effects of seed size, seed age, hybrid and their interactions were strongly expressed in the majority of analysed seed and seedling vigour parameters. Mean seed germinability evaluated after EC test was 91.7%, which was slightly lower than mean SG value (%), implying no significant imbibitional damage especially in hybrids with high seed vigour. EC value under 10 µS cm -1 g -1 was obtained with seed showing high germination and seedling vigour for both SG and CT. EC values higher than 12 µS cm -1 g -1 were recorded with seed samples showing low germinability after EC test, which germinated less than 50% in CT conditions as well. EC test value showed strong negative correlations with the most of the maize seed and seedling vigour parameters in the applied germination tests, such as germinability, germination rate, root and coleoptile length and seedling mass. The presented results may help in the standardization of this very applicable test for maize seed, and its adoption as a routine vigour test in maize seed production and quality control is suggested.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"9 1","pages":"140-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88350793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Management practices to sustain crop yields are necessary to conserve or enhance soil quality A difference in management practices often results differences in biological, chemical and physical soil properties which in turn result in changes in functional quality of the soil. Therefore, understanding of the impact of crop rotation on soil physical processes and soil compaction is important to develop systems of sustainable management of soil and water resources in intensive agriculture. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of selected rotation systems on soil characteristics and penetration resistance of the Harran soil series, currently under dryland agriculture. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with eighteen crop rotations and three replications between 1999 and 2000 under field conditions. The results indicated that the penetration resistance, bulk density, and porosity values of soil under different crop rotation management showed statistically significant differences. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance decreased from 1.41 to 1.32 g cm -3 and from 2700 to 1600 kPa, respectively, but porosity increased from 47.7% to 51.1% following crop rotation. Wheat + soy/lentil + corn was the most available crop rotation treatment for Harran Plain.
维持作物产量的管理措施对于保持或提高土壤质量是必要的。管理措施的不同往往会导致土壤生物、化学和物理特性的差异，从而导致土壤功能质量的变化。因此，了解作物轮作对土壤物理过程和土壤压实的影响对集约化农业中水土资源可持续管理系统的开发具有重要意义。这项研究的目的是确定所选择的轮作制度对目前旱地农业的哈兰土壤系列的土壤特性和抗渗透能力的影响。田间试验于1999 ~ 2000年在田间条件下，采用随机完全区组设计，18个轮作，3个重复。结果表明:不同轮作方式下土壤的抗渗性、容重和孔隙度差异有统计学意义;轮作后，土壤容重从1.41 g cm -3下降到1.32 g cm -3，抗渗透能力从2700 kPa下降到1600 kPa，孔隙度从47.7%上升到51.1%。小麦+大豆/扁豆+玉米是哈兰平原最有效的轮作处理。
{"title":"Influence of crop rotation on soil penetration resistance in the Harran Plain in Southeastern Turkey","authors":"A. Ozturkmen","doi":"10.5072/ZENODO.23238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5072/ZENODO.23238","url":null,"abstract":"Management practices to sustain crop yields are necessary to conserve or enhance soil quality A difference in management practices often results differences in biological, chemical and physical soil properties which in turn result in changes in functional quality of the soil. Therefore, understanding of the impact of crop rotation on soil physical processes and soil compaction is important to develop systems of sustainable management of soil and water resources in intensive agriculture. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of selected rotation systems on soil characteristics and penetration resistance of the Harran soil series, currently under dryland agriculture. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with eighteen crop rotations and three replications between 1999 and 2000 under field conditions. The results indicated that the penetration resistance, bulk density, and porosity values of soil under different crop rotation management showed statistically significant differences. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance decreased from 1.41 to 1.32 g cm -3 and from 2700 to 1600 kPa, respectively, but porosity increased from 47.7% to 51.1% following crop rotation. Wheat + soy/lentil + corn was the most available crop rotation treatment for Harran Plain.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":"1021-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84304569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Rusu, P. Guș, I. Bogdan, P. Moraru, A. Pop, M. Sopterean, L. Pop
The problem of the influence of different species of weeds on the production of agricultural plants has been studied by many researchers. The damage caused by weeds in maize crop is mostly of 30-70%, and when the infestation is strong the culture can be fully compromised. Our research highlight takes place in Transylvania, and focuses on the influence of Echinochloa crus-galli species (L.) Pal. Beauv. and other weeds on corn production, according to the degree of infestation. The research was conducted at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The research was done on two agrofunds: unfertilized and mineral fertilized with NPK 100 kg s.a./ha. The unfertilized maize crop has been made in four variants with different degrees of infestation of Echinochloa crus-galli, from about 40 to 100 plants/m 2 . Four herbicides (isoxaflutol 750 g/l; acetoclor 860 g/l; dimetenamid 900 g/l; bentazon 320 g/l + dicamba 90 g/l) were used for weed control in fertilized plots . Weed biomass and corn plant and grain production were measured in the ripening stage. Corn invaded by weeds grew weakly and had a yellowish green color; in unfertilized corn plots a stratified weed population developed: Echinochloa crus-galli dominated in the upper layer, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. developed in the middle and a number of dicotyledonous species in the lower layer. In fertilized variant, the competition between weeds and maize on one hand and between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species on the other hand was more balanced, the biomass of dicotyledonous species ranged from 1700 kg/ha in unfertilized plots to 4100 kg/ha in mineral fertilized plots. The amount of weeds, obviously influenced production levels of maize grain and green mass. Production losses in terms of green mass per hectare can be considered equal to the weight of green weeds. At a density of 104 plants/m 2 of Echinochloa crus-galli with green mass of 18,052 kg/ha corn crop was fully compromised.
{"title":"Influence of infestation with Echinochloa crus-galli species on crop production in corn.","authors":"T. Rusu, P. Guș, I. Bogdan, P. Moraru, A. Pop, M. Sopterean, L. Pop","doi":"10.5772/31475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/31475","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the influence of different species of weeds on the production of agricultural plants has been studied by many researchers. The damage caused by weeds in maize crop is mostly of 30-70%, and when the infestation is strong the culture can be fully compromised. Our research highlight takes place in Transylvania, and focuses on the influence of Echinochloa crus-galli species (L.) Pal. Beauv. and other weeds on corn production, according to the degree of infestation. The research was conducted at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The research was done on two agrofunds: unfertilized and mineral fertilized with NPK 100 kg s.a./ha. The unfertilized maize crop has been made in four variants with different degrees of infestation of Echinochloa crus-galli, from about 40 to 100 plants/m 2 . Four herbicides (isoxaflutol 750 g/l; acetoclor 860 g/l; dimetenamid 900 g/l; bentazon 320 g/l + dicamba 90 g/l) were used for weed control in fertilized plots . Weed biomass and corn plant and grain production were measured in the ripening stage. Corn invaded by weeds grew weakly and had a yellowish green color; in unfertilized corn plots a stratified weed population developed: Echinochloa crus-galli dominated in the upper layer, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. developed in the middle and a number of dicotyledonous species in the lower layer. In fertilized variant, the competition between weeds and maize on one hand and between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species on the other hand was more balanced, the biomass of dicotyledonous species ranged from 1700 kg/ha in unfertilized plots to 4100 kg/ha in mineral fertilized plots. The amount of weeds, obviously influenced production levels of maize grain and green mass. Production losses in terms of green mass per hectare can be considered equal to the weight of green weeds. At a density of 104 plants/m 2 of Echinochloa crus-galli with green mass of 18,052 kg/ha corn crop was fully compromised.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"31 1","pages":"760-763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74070149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.3923/IJSS.2010.131.139
H. Moazed, Y. Hoseini, A. Naseri, F. Abbasi
Phosphorus (P) adsorption characteristics of 5 soil samples were studied in soils of Omidie, Southeastern Iran, during 2009/2010 cropping season. Some soil properties as well as selected P-adsoption characteristics were studied in these soils. In this study, results show Langmuir adsorption isotherm had better match with adsorbed P data and maximum R-square. Differences in P- adsorption were greatly influenced by soil organic carbon (SOC), soil pH, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable aluminium. Regression analysis showed that SOC and Al sat were the highest predictors of Padsorption in soils of the study site. There is need for inclusion of more soil chemical, physical and mineralogical properties in predicting soil Padsorption to enhance reliability of information.
{"title":"Determining phosphorus adsorption isotherm in soil and its relation to soil characteristics","authors":"H. Moazed, Y. Hoseini, A. Naseri, F. Abbasi","doi":"10.3923/IJSS.2010.131.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/IJSS.2010.131.139","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) adsorption characteristics of 5 soil samples were studied in soils of Omidie, Southeastern Iran, during 2009/2010 cropping season. Some soil properties as well as selected P-adsoption characteristics were studied in these soils. In this study, results show Langmuir adsorption isotherm had better match with adsorbed P data and maximum R-square. Differences in P- adsorption were greatly influenced by soil organic carbon (SOC), soil pH, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable aluminium. Regression analysis showed that SOC and Al sat were the highest predictors of Padsorption in soils of the study site. There is need for inclusion of more soil chemical, physical and mineralogical properties in predicting soil Padsorption to enhance reliability of information.","PeriodicalId":15809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment","volume":"30 1","pages":"1153-1157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78225183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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