Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569507
E. Waffenschmidt
Soon, rotating inertia of generators use for grid control must be replaced due to the growth of distributed renewable energies. Here, we propose to let also electronic loads contribute to future virtual inertia. It is suggested to use DC link capacitors of power supplies for this task. This requires 5 W, 50 J and a capacitor size of about 200 cm3 per installed kW, corresponding to the size of single phase DC link capacitors. It is shown that the additional power ripple (and thus current ripple) is in the order of 0.1% and the voltage ripple of the intermediate voltage will typically remain between +/-3.6%. The related control can be easily extended by adding a voltage signal to the control voltage, which is proportional to the frequency deviation. Then, the existing power factor correction controller inherently sets the required additional power fluctuation required for the virtual inertia function.
{"title":"Virtual inertia grid control with LED lamp driver","authors":"E. Waffenschmidt","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569507","url":null,"abstract":"Soon, rotating inertia of generators use for grid control must be replaced due to the growth of distributed renewable energies. Here, we propose to let also electronic loads contribute to future virtual inertia. It is suggested to use DC link capacitors of power supplies for this task. This requires 5 W, 50 J and a capacitor size of about 200 cm3 per installed kW, corresponding to the size of single phase DC link capacitors. It is shown that the additional power ripple (and thus current ripple) is in the order of 0.1% and the voltage ripple of the intermediate voltage will typically remain between +/-3.6%. The related control can be easily extended by adding a voltage signal to the control voltage, which is proportional to the frequency deviation. Then, the existing power factor correction controller inherently sets the required additional power fluctuation required for the virtual inertia function.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131312823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569487
A. Schmid, M. Stedler, C. Humpert
With increasing short-circuit power due to additional renewable energy feed-ins it is more and more important to use reliable fault current limiter to protect the power grid. To develop superconductive fault current limiters (SFCL) for high voltage level, new insulating materials for the use in liquid nitrogen (LN2) have to be investigated. Hence the dielectric strength and partial discharge (PD) characteristics of cotton and cellulose materials in LN2 were determined. Breakdown measurements show that the materials have the same or even higher dielectric strengths in LN2 compared to the use in insulating oil. Pure cotton material reaches in comparison to the other types under investigation the highest dielectric strength. Partial discharge investigations show that the mixture of cotton and cellulose materials has the highest values for inception and extinction voltage.
{"title":"Breakdown and partial discharge characteristics of cotton and cellulose materials in liquid nitrogen","authors":"A. Schmid, M. Stedler, C. Humpert","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569487","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing short-circuit power due to additional renewable energy feed-ins it is more and more important to use reliable fault current limiter to protect the power grid. To develop superconductive fault current limiters (SFCL) for high voltage level, new insulating materials for the use in liquid nitrogen (LN2) have to be investigated. Hence the dielectric strength and partial discharge (PD) characteristics of cotton and cellulose materials in LN2 were determined. Breakdown measurements show that the materials have the same or even higher dielectric strengths in LN2 compared to the use in insulating oil. Pure cotton material reaches in comparison to the other types under investigation the highest dielectric strength. Partial discharge investigations show that the mixture of cotton and cellulose materials has the highest values for inception and extinction voltage.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124206418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569503
M. Radu
With the advance of technologies, smart house design is becoming a very important area of research applications. A large number of applications in a smart house are controlled by smart devices that incorporates various sensors. Recent consumer surveys show that people are concerned about privacy and security regarding personal information, but also the vulnerabilities found in house appliances. This paper presents reliability analysis of a smart house system, using various modules and prediction methods of CARE - Computer Aided Reliability Engineering tool, a powerful software tool for reliability analysis. The prototype of the smart house system was built, tested and is fully functional. Estimating the reliability of various blocks and components of the smart house system help the designer to make the necessary changes from an initial phase of the project, designing more reliable and safe smart houses.
{"title":"Reliability analysis of smart house system","authors":"M. Radu","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569503","url":null,"abstract":"With the advance of technologies, smart house design is becoming a very important area of research applications. A large number of applications in a smart house are controlled by smart devices that incorporates various sensors. Recent consumer surveys show that people are concerned about privacy and security regarding personal information, but also the vulnerabilities found in house appliances. This paper presents reliability analysis of a smart house system, using various modules and prediction methods of CARE - Computer Aided Reliability Engineering tool, a powerful software tool for reliability analysis. The prototype of the smart house system was built, tested and is fully functional. Estimating the reliability of various blocks and components of the smart house system help the designer to make the necessary changes from an initial phase of the project, designing more reliable and safe smart houses.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123650949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569497
C. Moller, K. Kuhnke, M. Reckzugel, H. Pfisterer, S. Rosenberger
The study shows the technical potential of electrical storage solutions for a so called energy region in the northern part of Germany. Based on the model region's targets for the increase of renewable energy capacity and by using annual simulations in hourly time steps, required storage capacity was calculated. Focus is on the electric energy supply. Results were determined under the requirement of various self-sufficiency degrees. Unlike the common calculation in the region's energy concepts, the self-sufficiency degree was determined solely by considering the directly consumed energy from fluctuating renewable energies or from storage. Thus, a bridge is built to the partly abstract ambitions of energy autarky. Further, various operation sites and appropriate storage technologies were analyzed.
{"title":"Energy storage potential in the Northern German region Osnabrück-Steinfurt","authors":"C. Moller, K. Kuhnke, M. Reckzugel, H. Pfisterer, S. Rosenberger","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569497","url":null,"abstract":"The study shows the technical potential of electrical storage solutions for a so called energy region in the northern part of Germany. Based on the model region's targets for the increase of renewable energy capacity and by using annual simulations in hourly time steps, required storage capacity was calculated. Focus is on the electric energy supply. Results were determined under the requirement of various self-sufficiency degrees. Unlike the common calculation in the region's energy concepts, the self-sufficiency degree was determined solely by considering the directly consumed energy from fluctuating renewable energies or from storage. Thus, a bridge is built to the partly abstract ambitions of energy autarky. Further, various operation sites and appropriate storage technologies were analyzed.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124446522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569499
Andreas Losing, S. Baum, I. Stadler
In this paper the utilization of air condition systems as a demand response technology is presented and analyzed in order to shift electrical loads and attempt the same effect as electricity storage. The objective is to satisfy good air quality in rooms, e.g. CO2 concentrations less than 1000 ppm. This is done by minimizing operation costs for ventilation plants taking electricity exchange prizes into account. An optimum operating schedule is determined by using linear and nonlinear programming methods that are related to operating boundaries, maximum plant power, air condition load by a specific number of persons and electricity prices. The operating schedule is simulated in a Matlab Simulink Ventilation-Room model. Subsequently the electricity demand and the associated costs will be compared with a non-optimized plant schedule to evaluate the usability of a ventilation system as energy storage device.
{"title":"USING ventilation systems as a demand response technology","authors":"Andreas Losing, S. Baum, I. Stadler","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569499","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the utilization of air condition systems as a demand response technology is presented and analyzed in order to shift electrical loads and attempt the same effect as electricity storage. The objective is to satisfy good air quality in rooms, e.g. CO2 concentrations less than 1000 ppm. This is done by minimizing operation costs for ventilation plants taking electricity exchange prizes into account. An optimum operating schedule is determined by using linear and nonlinear programming methods that are related to operating boundaries, maximum plant power, air condition load by a specific number of persons and electricity prices. The operating schedule is simulated in a Matlab Simulink Ventilation-Room model. Subsequently the electricity demand and the associated costs will be compared with a non-optimized plant schedule to evaluate the usability of a ventilation system as energy storage device.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121314956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569509
Hossein Fallahzadeh-Abarghouei, M. Nayeripour, E. Waffenschmidt, S. Hasanvand
This paper proposes a new decentralized voltage control approach for distribution system in order to deal with the intermittent fluctuations of the renewable energy resources. In this regard a systematic partitioning method which splits distribution networks' graph is presented. Furthermore, an adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the voltage regulation problem in order to optimize the reactive power of the Distributed Generations (DGs) in the related partition. The proposed method is evaluated on the well-known PG&E 69-bus distribution system and the results are compared with another method based on Interior Point Algorithm (IPA) in both decentralized and centralized manner. These results demonstrate the ability and efficiency of the proposed method for online voltage profile control of smart grids.
{"title":"A new decentralized voltage control method of smart grid via distributed generations","authors":"Hossein Fallahzadeh-Abarghouei, M. Nayeripour, E. Waffenschmidt, S. Hasanvand","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569509","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new decentralized voltage control approach for distribution system in order to deal with the intermittent fluctuations of the renewable energy resources. In this regard a systematic partitioning method which splits distribution networks' graph is presented. Furthermore, an adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the voltage regulation problem in order to optimize the reactive power of the Distributed Generations (DGs) in the related partition. The proposed method is evaluated on the well-known PG&E 69-bus distribution system and the results are compared with another method based on Interior Point Algorithm (IPA) in both decentralized and centralized manner. These results demonstrate the ability and efficiency of the proposed method for online voltage profile control of smart grids.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128681406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569492
E. Waffenschmidt
In the near future renewable energy decentralized generators must provide grid control. Storages are attractive for grid control and especially for primary reserve power. However, providing primary control power with batteries is limited by the capacity of the battery. Losses and imprecise frequency measurements may soon lead to a depleted or full storage. It is possible to reduce this issue by making use of several parameters of freedom. Especially attractive is the compensation of a systematic frequency measurement error by applying a running average correction signal.
{"title":"Primary control with batteries","authors":"E. Waffenschmidt","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569492","url":null,"abstract":"In the near future renewable energy decentralized generators must provide grid control. Storages are attractive for grid control and especially for primary reserve power. However, providing primary control power with batteries is limited by the capacity of the battery. Losses and imprecise frequency measurements may soon lead to a depleted or full storage. It is possible to reduce this issue by making use of several parameters of freedom. Especially attractive is the compensation of a systematic frequency measurement error by applying a running average correction signal.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134458620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569496
J. Middel
The paper presents an algorithm to rate off-grid systems. Fraunhofer WiBACK Wireless Backhaul Repeater represents the load of these systems. The WiBACK-Technology including the repeater was developed to bring the internet to rural areas throughout the world. With this background the development of a web application to calculate standalone hybrid-power systems everywhere and for everyone has been considered. It provides a point of reference to get the opportunity to calculate autonomous renewable wind and solar power systems. Based on NASA's database of surface meteorology and solar energy (SSE) the calculation tool points out the data to a given location worldwide. The dataset consists of global and diffuse radiation, wind speed and no-sun or black-days. The data values such as, global and diffuse radiation as well as no-sun or black-days represents monthly and annual averaged values for a 22-year period (July 1983-June 2005). The values of wind speed represent the same averaged values for a 10-year period (July 1983-June 1993). Dependent on these data values the calculation tool is rating pv-panels and batteries for a specific load and gives the possibility of wind power for various types of rotors.
{"title":"Web-application for rating hybrid off-grid systems","authors":"J. Middel","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569496","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an algorithm to rate off-grid systems. Fraunhofer WiBACK Wireless Backhaul Repeater represents the load of these systems. The WiBACK-Technology including the repeater was developed to bring the internet to rural areas throughout the world. With this background the development of a web application to calculate standalone hybrid-power systems everywhere and for everyone has been considered. It provides a point of reference to get the opportunity to calculate autonomous renewable wind and solar power systems. Based on NASA's database of surface meteorology and solar energy (SSE) the calculation tool points out the data to a given location worldwide. The dataset consists of global and diffuse radiation, wind speed and no-sun or black-days. The data values such as, global and diffuse radiation as well as no-sun or black-days represents monthly and annual averaged values for a 22-year period (July 1983-June 2005). The values of wind speed represent the same averaged values for a 10-year period (July 1983-June 1993). Dependent on these data values the calculation tool is rating pv-panels and batteries for a specific load and gives the possibility of wind power for various types of rotors.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128136855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569502
Noor Bazila Sharifmuddin Takasago, T. Ise, Tohru Suwa Takasago
When a solar thermal cogeneration system is located close to energy consumers, the electricity loss caused by transportation can be largely reduced and the low-temperature thermal energy can be utilized for air conditioning. In this case, a microgrid is introduced to connect a solar thermal cogeneration system and a conventional grid to switch between islanded and grid-connected modes. A new technology for stabilizing the system is required to handle the relatively slow response of the solar thermal cogeneration system for this configuration. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control can enhance the power system stability by mimicking steady-state and transient behaviors of synchronous generators (SGs). A swing equation in the VSG control identifies the virtual inertial property of SGs to rapidly adjust to a steady-state frequency. In this work, the transient responses of the VSG series and parallel configurations incorporated into a microgrid are compared. The transient behaviors of rotor angular speed and voltage are simulated for loading and tripping operations. The analysis results suggest that the VSG series configuration suppresses fluctuations better than the parallel configuration and enables stable network operation.
{"title":"Comparative study of series and parallel schemes for stabilization of a microgrid integrated with a solar thermal cogeneration system using virtual synchronous generator control","authors":"Noor Bazila Sharifmuddin Takasago, T. Ise, Tohru Suwa Takasago","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569502","url":null,"abstract":"When a solar thermal cogeneration system is located close to energy consumers, the electricity loss caused by transportation can be largely reduced and the low-temperature thermal energy can be utilized for air conditioning. In this case, a microgrid is introduced to connect a solar thermal cogeneration system and a conventional grid to switch between islanded and grid-connected modes. A new technology for stabilizing the system is required to handle the relatively slow response of the solar thermal cogeneration system for this configuration. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control can enhance the power system stability by mimicking steady-state and transient behaviors of synchronous generators (SGs). A swing equation in the VSG control identifies the virtual inertial property of SGs to rapidly adjust to a steady-state frequency. In this work, the transient responses of the VSG series and parallel configurations incorporated into a microgrid are compared. The transient behaviors of rotor angular speed and voltage are simulated for loading and tripping operations. The analysis results suggest that the VSG series configuration suppresses fluctuations better than the parallel configuration and enables stable network operation.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114511476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569484
W. Schellong
Municipal utilities will play an increasing role for the future energy supply, which will shift to a decentralized structure. We describe an energy management system of a municipal utility including different plants connected to a district heating network. The paper contains the algorithm of the data management, the description of the controlling system, and some optimization aspects of the energy system. The energy controlling has a key function for the efficiency of the generation process in a municipal utility. It is integrated in the energy management system of the organization. The paper demonstrates the integration of the utility into smart grid structures. The energy management system is used to increase the efficiency of the generation and distribution processes. The methods of the plant scheduling optimization are presented.
{"title":"Energy management in municipal energy systems","authors":"W. Schellong","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569484","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal utilities will play an increasing role for the future energy supply, which will shift to a decentralized structure. We describe an energy management system of a municipal utility including different plants connected to a district heating network. The paper contains the algorithm of the data management, the description of the controlling system, and some optimization aspects of the energy system. The energy controlling has a key function for the efficiency of the generation process in a municipal utility. It is integrated in the energy management system of the organization. The paper demonstrates the integration of the utility into smart grid structures. The energy management system is used to increase the efficiency of the generation and distribution processes. The methods of the plant scheduling optimization are presented.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132574073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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