Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569504
N. Reiners, U. Blieske
In this paper the different factors influencing the low light performance of solar cells and modules are analyzed and combined to simulate the low light performance of different solar module technologies. The parameters for the diverse technologies were extracted from module databases and the simulation was performed on the basis of high resolution weather data from a weather station in Lindenberg (Germany). The results show higher specific energy yields for all technologies compared to a standard c-Si module. A good performance under irradiances lower than 500W/m2 was observed for a-Si, CIS, CIGS and a textured c-Si module. For another low light definition (share of diffuse radiation > 50%) just the a-Si technology is giving a better performance compared to its total annual yield performance. The simulated c-Si module with a pyramidal textured front side encapsulation showed a high increase of energy yield for orientations deviating from the typical orientation, when compared to a standard c-Si module.
{"title":"Good modules for bad weather","authors":"N. Reiners, U. Blieske","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569504","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the different factors influencing the low light performance of solar cells and modules are analyzed and combined to simulate the low light performance of different solar module technologies. The parameters for the diverse technologies were extracted from module databases and the simulation was performed on the basis of high resolution weather data from a weather station in Lindenberg (Germany). The results show higher specific energy yields for all technologies compared to a standard c-Si module. A good performance under irradiances lower than 500W/m2 was observed for a-Si, CIS, CIGS and a textured c-Si module. For another low light definition (share of diffuse radiation > 50%) just the a-Si technology is giving a better performance compared to its total annual yield performance. The simulated c-Si module with a pyramidal textured front side encapsulation showed a high increase of energy yield for orientations deviating from the typical orientation, when compared to a standard c-Si module.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131891486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569488
Aldo Perez, I. Stadler, Sebastian Janocha, C. Ferrando, G. Bonvicini, Georg Tillmann
Heating and cooling are responsible for half of the EU's energy consumption. A lot of heat is being wasted in the industries. In fact, it is calculated that if waste heat was recovered, the entire EU's building stock heat demand could be covered [1]. Celsius is a co-funded EU research project which is focused on the recovery and the integration of waste energy from local sources in urban heating and cooling systems. The objective of this paper is to show the performance of two of the Celsius demonstrator sites in Cologne. The Celsius demonstrator sites in Cologne supply the heating and domestic hot water (DHW) of public schools. Compression heat pumps recover low grade heat from the sewage network and deliver the annual base heat load of the schools. Gas fired boilers supply the thermal peak loads and act as backup systems. Key performance indicators (KPI) were designed and calculated based on the monitored parameters of each plant. The results of the monitoring assessment show that fuel consumptions and GHG emissions of both demonstrator sites have decreased compared with the baseline situation corresponding to the plant configuration before installing the Celsius demonstrator. However, the costs of reducing both energy consumption and emissions are strongly linked to the performance of the plant.
{"title":"Heat recovery from sewage water using heat pumps in cologne: A case study","authors":"Aldo Perez, I. Stadler, Sebastian Janocha, C. Ferrando, G. Bonvicini, Georg Tillmann","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569488","url":null,"abstract":"Heating and cooling are responsible for half of the EU's energy consumption. A lot of heat is being wasted in the industries. In fact, it is calculated that if waste heat was recovered, the entire EU's building stock heat demand could be covered [1]. Celsius is a co-funded EU research project which is focused on the recovery and the integration of waste energy from local sources in urban heating and cooling systems. The objective of this paper is to show the performance of two of the Celsius demonstrator sites in Cologne. The Celsius demonstrator sites in Cologne supply the heating and domestic hot water (DHW) of public schools. Compression heat pumps recover low grade heat from the sewage network and deliver the annual base heat load of the schools. Gas fired boilers supply the thermal peak loads and act as backup systems. Key performance indicators (KPI) were designed and calculated based on the monitored parameters of each plant. The results of the monitoring assessment show that fuel consumptions and GHG emissions of both demonstrator sites have decreased compared with the baseline situation corresponding to the plant configuration before installing the Celsius demonstrator. However, the costs of reducing both energy consumption and emissions are strongly linked to the performance of the plant.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121315566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569495
J. Munzberg, S. Baum, I. Stadler
This paper deals with the investigation and economic evaluation of photovoltaic-battery-grid power supply system in residential and non-residential buildings with different shares of renewable energy in different years, different regulatory boundary conditions and cost degression estimations. A linear programming approach is selected for the determination of technical and economical capabilities of this energy system. By investigating and simulating different electricity supply system configurations electricity tariffs have been forecasted. Previous studies have shown that the use of photovoltaic-battery systems in buildings are only economic feasible with variable electricity tariffs and feed-in tariffs. The cost effectiveness of photovoltaic-battery systems strongly depends on both the cost of storage systems and political decisions.
{"title":"Economic evaluation, optimization and comparison of photovoltaic-battery-grid power supply system in single- and multi-family buildings with increasing share of renewable energy","authors":"J. Munzberg, S. Baum, I. Stadler","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569495","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the investigation and economic evaluation of photovoltaic-battery-grid power supply system in residential and non-residential buildings with different shares of renewable energy in different years, different regulatory boundary conditions and cost degression estimations. A linear programming approach is selected for the determination of technical and economical capabilities of this energy system. By investigating and simulating different electricity supply system configurations electricity tariffs have been forecasted. Previous studies have shown that the use of photovoltaic-battery systems in buildings are only economic feasible with variable electricity tariffs and feed-in tariffs. The cost effectiveness of photovoltaic-battery systems strongly depends on both the cost of storage systems and political decisions.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116912334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569500
U. Rost, G. Mărginean, R. Muntean, P. Podleschny, M. Brodmann, C. Merino, Roberto Diez
For this study gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) with low platinum loading are prepared for the application as anode in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems based on hydraulic compression. As catalyst support material, carbon nanofibers (CNF) are investigated because of their high specific surface area and high graphitization degree. The electrode preparation is optimized by an economic and environmental friendly pre-treatment process in oxygen plasma. For GDE manufacture an ink containing oxygen plasma activated CNFs as well as hydrophilic polymer is used. After spray coating of this CNF ink on a graphitic substrate, platinum is deposited using the pulse plating technique. Preliminary results showed a considerable improvement of CNF dispersibility as well as an increased amount and an optimized morphology of the deposited platinum. Morphology and microstructure are observed by scanning electron microscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy. Platinum loading is determined by thermogravimetric analysis to be in the range of 0.01 mg cm-2 to 0.017 mg cm-2. Furthermore, MEAs are prepared from these GDEs and testing is performed in a novel modular fuel cell test stack based on hydraulic compression. Technical information about stack design and functions is given in this work.
{"title":"A cost-effective PEM fuel cell test system based on hydraulic compression with optimized platinum catalyst loading","authors":"U. Rost, G. Mărginean, R. Muntean, P. Podleschny, M. Brodmann, C. Merino, Roberto Diez","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569500","url":null,"abstract":"For this study gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) with low platinum loading are prepared for the application as anode in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems based on hydraulic compression. As catalyst support material, carbon nanofibers (CNF) are investigated because of their high specific surface area and high graphitization degree. The electrode preparation is optimized by an economic and environmental friendly pre-treatment process in oxygen plasma. For GDE manufacture an ink containing oxygen plasma activated CNFs as well as hydrophilic polymer is used. After spray coating of this CNF ink on a graphitic substrate, platinum is deposited using the pulse plating technique. Preliminary results showed a considerable improvement of CNF dispersibility as well as an increased amount and an optimized morphology of the deposited platinum. Morphology and microstructure are observed by scanning electron microscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy. Platinum loading is determined by thermogravimetric analysis to be in the range of 0.01 mg cm-2 to 0.017 mg cm-2. Furthermore, MEAs are prepared from these GDEs and testing is performed in a novel modular fuel cell test stack based on hydraulic compression. Technical information about stack design and functions is given in this work.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117048567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569490
V. Rudolf, Nirendra Lal Shrestha, T. Urbaneck, N. Pflugradt, B. Platzer, Òscar Càmara, A. Carrera, J. Salom, E. Oro, Albert García, M. Timmerman, Hans Trapman
The use of information technology services is increasing and causes a rising energy demand of data centres. In order to cover the requirements linked to this effect and respond to the energetic and environmental goals, fossil fuels need to be replaced by renewable energy sources, and methods to increase the efficiency of the processes have to be developed. Regarding the energy supply of data centres, the complex integration of different energy systems into the technical infrastructure of the data centres is challenging. Within the RenewIT project [1], fourteen thermal and electrical power supply concepts for data centres have been investigated [2]. Regarding intermediate results of the project, the four concepts with combined heat and power production (CHP) provide the most promising solutions. One of the concepts with CHP, the system biogas-fed solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), is presented to show the methodology of modelling and simulating the CHP subsystem including non-series products with EBSILON [3]. The complex part load behaviour of the subsystem is identified and the information is transferred into TRNSYS [4] to increase data processing and minimize computing time.
{"title":"Methodology for EBSILON simulation studies of on-site generation CHP systems for data centre","authors":"V. Rudolf, Nirendra Lal Shrestha, T. Urbaneck, N. Pflugradt, B. Platzer, Òscar Càmara, A. Carrera, J. Salom, E. Oro, Albert García, M. Timmerman, Hans Trapman","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569490","url":null,"abstract":"The use of information technology services is increasing and causes a rising energy demand of data centres. In order to cover the requirements linked to this effect and respond to the energetic and environmental goals, fossil fuels need to be replaced by renewable energy sources, and methods to increase the efficiency of the processes have to be developed. Regarding the energy supply of data centres, the complex integration of different energy systems into the technical infrastructure of the data centres is challenging. Within the RenewIT project [1], fourteen thermal and electrical power supply concepts for data centres have been investigated [2]. Regarding intermediate results of the project, the four concepts with combined heat and power production (CHP) provide the most promising solutions. One of the concepts with CHP, the system biogas-fed solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), is presented to show the methodology of modelling and simulating the CHP subsystem including non-series products with EBSILON [3]. The complex part load behaviour of the subsystem is identified and the information is transferred into TRNSYS [4] to increase data processing and minimize computing time.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131153189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569506
M. Al-Saidi, Andres Jimenez, Deniz Oezhan
This study compares energy data on different countries in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) to assess energy use patterns in the water and food sectors. It first introduces an interdisciplinary energy security index for MENA countries considering available energy reserves and the energy footprint of the two sectors. Later, the study discusses energy use patterns across countries using different water and food production technologies.
{"title":"Assessment of energy use patterns for water and food production in the MENA region","authors":"M. Al-Saidi, Andres Jimenez, Deniz Oezhan","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569506","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares energy data on different countries in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) to assess energy use patterns in the water and food sectors. It first introduces an interdisciplinary energy security index for MENA countries considering available energy reserves and the energy footprint of the two sectors. Later, the study discusses energy use patterns across countries using different water and food production technologies.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114638085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569493
A. Klein, Benjamin Johann, C. Humpert
A current objective in the field of grid stabilization is the implementation of resistive superconductive fault current limiters (R-SFCLs). After successful development of R-SFCLs at medium voltage level, the technology shall be applied at high voltage level exceeding 100 kV. In the majority of cases high temperature superconductive tapes of the second generation are winded as bifilar coils surrounded by liquid nitrogen (LN) which serves as coolant and isolation medium. The tapes themselves are additionally insulated against each other using nonconductive film materials. To assess the long-term operation ability of this arrangement, three different polymer foils made of PTFE, PI and PET were tested on their inception of partial discharges (PDs) in LN2. The investigation took place at a special electrode configuration simulating the arrangement of a bifllar coil and involved foil thicknesses from 25 μm up to 340 μm, depending on the particular material. For PTFE as well as PI an empiric formula was found approximately predicting the PD inception voltage of partial surface discharges.
{"title":"Investigation of partial discharges on insulating foils in liquid nitrogen","authors":"A. Klein, Benjamin Johann, C. Humpert","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569493","url":null,"abstract":"A current objective in the field of grid stabilization is the implementation of resistive superconductive fault current limiters (R-SFCLs). After successful development of R-SFCLs at medium voltage level, the technology shall be applied at high voltage level exceeding 100 kV. In the majority of cases high temperature superconductive tapes of the second generation are winded as bifilar coils surrounded by liquid nitrogen (LN) which serves as coolant and isolation medium. The tapes themselves are additionally insulated against each other using nonconductive film materials. To assess the long-term operation ability of this arrangement, three different polymer foils made of PTFE, PI and PET were tested on their inception of partial discharges (PDs) in LN2. The investigation took place at a special electrode configuration simulating the arrangement of a bifllar coil and involved foil thicknesses from 25 μm up to 340 μm, depending on the particular material. For PTFE as well as PI an empiric formula was found approximately predicting the PD inception voltage of partial surface discharges.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125156674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/IESC.2016.7569483
O. Zirn, Markus Ruther
Foldable ultralight electric vehicles (E-ULV) are a promising key component for future sustainable traffic chains for urban regions with mountainous topography. While typical E-Bikes are hard to use in the rush-hour of metropolitan public transport association vehicles, these - actually not available - E-ULV are a real innovation for the “last miles”. This paper presents electric drive add-on kits for foldable scooters and very light foldable bikes as well as their possible cost in case of a market launch. The E-ULV had been tested in small fleets on public roads and turned out shift car kilometers to the public transport system effectively.
{"title":"Foldable electrified ultralight vehicles as key component for sustainable traffic chains","authors":"O. Zirn, Markus Ruther","doi":"10.1109/IESC.2016.7569483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IESC.2016.7569483","url":null,"abstract":"Foldable ultralight electric vehicles (E-ULV) are a promising key component for future sustainable traffic chains for urban regions with mountainous topography. While typical E-Bikes are hard to use in the rush-hour of metropolitan public transport association vehicles, these - actually not available - E-ULV are a real innovation for the “last miles”. This paper presents electric drive add-on kits for foldable scooters and very light foldable bikes as well as their possible cost in case of a market launch. The E-ULV had been tested in small fleets on public roads and turned out shift car kilometers to the public transport system effectively.","PeriodicalId":158346,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130219778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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