Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2022.2156571
Wataru Toki, K. Togashi
ABSTRACT Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Nematoda, Aphelenchoididae) is distributed widely in the Palearctic region and is transmitted by several species of long-horned beetles in the genus Monochamus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). In Hokkaido, Japan, M. sartor urussovii has been known as a vector of B. m. kolymensis. However, whether M. sutor is another vector has never been examined though it is the sympatric species of M. sa. urussovii in Hokkaido and transmits this nematode in Europe and Russian Far East. To answer this query, Bursaphelenchus nematodes were isolated from adults of M. sa. urussovii and M. sutor and identified using molecular techniques. Bursaphelenchus m. kolymensis alone was detected from 3 out of 40 M. sa. urussovii adults. In contrast, no Bursaphelenchus nematodes were recovered from 51 M. sutor adults. These results suggested that the primary vector of B. m. kolymensis was M. sa. urussovii in Hokkaido.
{"title":"Different phoretic affinities of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Nematoda, Aphelenchoididae) to Monochamus sartor urussovii and M. sutor (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Wataru Toki, K. Togashi","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2022.2156571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2022.2156571","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Nematoda, Aphelenchoididae) is distributed widely in the Palearctic region and is transmitted by several species of long-horned beetles in the genus Monochamus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). In Hokkaido, Japan, M. sartor urussovii has been known as a vector of B. m. kolymensis. However, whether M. sutor is another vector has never been examined though it is the sympatric species of M. sa. urussovii in Hokkaido and transmits this nematode in Europe and Russian Far East. To answer this query, Bursaphelenchus nematodes were isolated from adults of M. sa. urussovii and M. sutor and identified using molecular techniques. Bursaphelenchus m. kolymensis alone was detected from 3 out of 40 M. sa. urussovii adults. In contrast, no Bursaphelenchus nematodes were recovered from 51 M. sutor adults. These results suggested that the primary vector of B. m. kolymensis was M. sa. urussovii in Hokkaido.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"225 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46390440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2022.2148865
Atsuko Hirabayashi, K. Osumi, Hiroki Itô
ABSTRACT We investigated the flower-bearing properties of four sympatric oak species in the subgenus Quercus commonly grown in semi-natural forests in western Honshu Island, Japan. Quercus variabilis and Quercus acutissima belong to the section Cerris and Quercus serrata and Quercus aliena belong to the section Quercus. The timing and pattern of flower-bearing varied among the four oaks, but were synchronized between the male and female inflorescences within each species. Trunk size was the primary factor affecting the flower-bearing properties; more flowers were borne on thicker trunks. Threshold trunk sizes for flower-bearing, below which no flowers were borne, were identified in the two Cerris section oak species; in contrast, the two Quercus section oak species bore flowers even on the smallest trunks. The smallest flower-bearing trunk sizes of the Quercus section oaks were extremely small compared with the other tall tree species distributed in the temperate zone of Honshu Island. The flowering probability was not clearly influenced by whether the stem originated from a seedling or a sprout, except for the male inflorescences of Q. aliena, which rather showed a positive relationship between sprout-origin and flower-bearing. Thus, no trade-off relationship between sprouting and flowering was observed.
{"title":"Dependence of flower-bearing on trunk size and trunk origin in four tree species of the subgenus Quercus","authors":"Atsuko Hirabayashi, K. Osumi, Hiroki Itô","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2022.2148865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2022.2148865","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We investigated the flower-bearing properties of four sympatric oak species in the subgenus Quercus commonly grown in semi-natural forests in western Honshu Island, Japan. Quercus variabilis and Quercus acutissima belong to the section Cerris and Quercus serrata and Quercus aliena belong to the section Quercus. The timing and pattern of flower-bearing varied among the four oaks, but were synchronized between the male and female inflorescences within each species. Trunk size was the primary factor affecting the flower-bearing properties; more flowers were borne on thicker trunks. Threshold trunk sizes for flower-bearing, below which no flowers were borne, were identified in the two Cerris section oak species; in contrast, the two Quercus section oak species bore flowers even on the smallest trunks. The smallest flower-bearing trunk sizes of the Quercus section oaks were extremely small compared with the other tall tree species distributed in the temperate zone of Honshu Island. The flowering probability was not clearly influenced by whether the stem originated from a seedling or a sprout, except for the male inflorescences of Q. aliena, which rather showed a positive relationship between sprout-origin and flower-bearing. Thus, no trade-off relationship between sprouting and flowering was observed.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"204 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48028058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-27DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2022.2149058
Atsushi Minami, H. Sugawara, T. Nishimura
ABSTRACT Microsatellite markers were first developed for Ardisia japonica (Primulaceae), an evergreen clonal shrub that commonly grows in the understory of various types of temperate forests in East Asia. Of the 69 primer pairs designed based on genomic sequence data, 13 pairs showed clear microsatellite peaks and allelic polymorphisms with tetraploidy in ramets from two populations. Ramets were successfully assigned to multilocus lineages (genets) using microsatellite markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 8, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.468 to 0.881. These will be useful for the assignment of genets and for investigating the genet-level population genetics and ecology of the understory clonal shrub.
{"title":"Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Ardisia japonica (Primulaceae), an evergreen clonal dwarf shrub","authors":"Atsushi Minami, H. Sugawara, T. Nishimura","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2022.2149058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2022.2149058","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Microsatellite markers were first developed for Ardisia japonica (Primulaceae), an evergreen clonal shrub that commonly grows in the understory of various types of temperate forests in East Asia. Of the 69 primer pairs designed based on genomic sequence data, 13 pairs showed clear microsatellite peaks and allelic polymorphisms with tetraploidy in ramets from two populations. Ramets were successfully assigned to multilocus lineages (genets) using microsatellite markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 8, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.468 to 0.881. These will be useful for the assignment of genets and for investigating the genet-level population genetics and ecology of the understory clonal shrub.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"212 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46711815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2022.2148862
Hiromi Yamagawa, F. Kitahara, T. Otani, R. Yoneda, Keizou Suzuki, Haruto Nomiya
ABSTRACT Predicting the level of damage by deer browsing in young plantations is important for considering damage control measures. In this study, we examined a method for assessing the level of deer damage in young Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations with deer-proof fences by observing field signs of deer. First, a questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain information about the damage by deer browsing on planted trees and the extent of field signs, such as browsing marks and deer fecal pellets around the young plantations. The extent of field signs was recorded as qualitative data (i.e. “None”, “A few”, and “Many”). A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) revealed a relationship between the extent of deer damage in young plantations and the presence of five field signs (browsing marks, bark stripping marks, fecal pellets, trails and tracks) around the young plantations. Based on coordinate values of each field sign obtained using the MCA, the extent of each field sign was scored, and the total value was calculated as the deer impact score (DISco). When the relationship between the DISco and the extent of deer damage to planted trees was subjected to a logistic regression analysis (LRA), the DISco was found to be a significant explanatory variable and the LRA was an effective model (AUC of 0.7809 and 0.7048, respectively) for predicting the probability of stand damage and High stand damage. Therefore, the DISco was shown to be an effective tool for assessing the damage risk of deer in young Sugi plantations with deer-proof fences.
{"title":"Assessing the damage caused by deer on young trees in a Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) plantation based on field signs","authors":"Hiromi Yamagawa, F. Kitahara, T. Otani, R. Yoneda, Keizou Suzuki, Haruto Nomiya","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2022.2148862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2022.2148862","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Predicting the level of damage by deer browsing in young plantations is important for considering damage control measures. In this study, we examined a method for assessing the level of deer damage in young Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations with deer-proof fences by observing field signs of deer. First, a questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain information about the damage by deer browsing on planted trees and the extent of field signs, such as browsing marks and deer fecal pellets around the young plantations. The extent of field signs was recorded as qualitative data (i.e. “None”, “A few”, and “Many”). A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) revealed a relationship between the extent of deer damage in young plantations and the presence of five field signs (browsing marks, bark stripping marks, fecal pellets, trails and tracks) around the young plantations. Based on coordinate values of each field sign obtained using the MCA, the extent of each field sign was scored, and the total value was calculated as the deer impact score (DISco). When the relationship between the DISco and the extent of deer damage to planted trees was subjected to a logistic regression analysis (LRA), the DISco was found to be a significant explanatory variable and the LRA was an effective model (AUC of 0.7809 and 0.7048, respectively) for predicting the probability of stand damage and High stand damage. Therefore, the DISco was shown to be an effective tool for assessing the damage risk of deer in young Sugi plantations with deer-proof fences.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"194 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41409057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2022.2141860
Gyeongwon Baek, C. Kim
ABSTRACT Changes in the abiotic and biotic factors created by forest regeneration can have a major influence on soil respiration, which is an important component of the forest carbon (C) cycle. This study was performed to determine the soil respiration rates caused by regeneration approaches in Chamaecyparis obtusa planted in pine wilt disease (PWD)-disturbed stands in South Korea. In 2007, four-year-old C. obtusa seedlings were planted with two regeneration approaches, clearcutting (CS) of infected pine trees or underplanting following selective cutting (DS) of infected pine trees in disturbed pine stands. Soil respiration rates were assessed in two regeneration approaches and an undisturbed pine stand (NS) for two years. The mean soil respiration rates were significantly lower in the DS (1.07 µmol m−2 s−1) treatment than in the NS (1.87 µmol m−2 s−1) treatment, whereas there was no significant difference between the CS (1.44 µmol m−2 s−1) treatment and the NS or DS treatment. The three treatments showed exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperature (R 2 = 0.57–0.81). The annual soil respiration rates were significantly higher in the CS (6.49 Mg C ha−1 year−1) treatment than in the DS (3.98 Mg C ha−1 year−1) treatment. The Q 10 values were lowest in the DS (2.00–2.03) treatment, followed by the CS (2.23–2.62) and NS (2.74–3.07) treatments. These results reveal that DS approaches in PWD-disturbed stands are one for the critical drivers of reducing annual soil respiration rates.
森林更新过程中产生的非生物和生物因子的变化会对土壤呼吸产生重大影响，而土壤呼吸是森林碳循环的重要组成部分。本研究旨在测定在韩国松枯萎病（PWD）干扰林分中种植的圆柏再生方法引起的土壤呼吸速率。2007年，采用两种再生方法种植了四年生的C.obtusa幼苗，即清除受感染的松树（CS）或在受干扰的松林中选择性切割受感染的松木（DS）后进行底层种植。用两种再生方法和一个未受干扰的松树林（NS）对土壤呼吸速率进行了两年的评估。DS的平均土壤呼吸速率显著较低（1.07 µmol m−2 s−1）处理比NS（1.87 µmol m−2 s−1）处理，而CS之间没有显著差异（1.44 µmol m−2 s−1）处理和NS或DS处理。三种处理的土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度呈指数关系（R2 = 0.57–0.81）。CS的年土壤呼吸速率显著较高（6.49 Mg C ha−1年−1）比DS（3.98 Mg C ha−1年−1）治疗。DS（2.00–2.03）处理的Q 10值最低，其次是CS（2.23–2.62）和NS（2.74–3.07）处理。这些结果表明，PWD干扰林分的DS方法是降低土壤年呼吸率的关键驱动因素之一。
{"title":"Comparisons of different regeneration approaches on soil respiration of Chamaecyparis obtusa planted in pine wilt disease-disturbed stands","authors":"Gyeongwon Baek, C. Kim","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2022.2141860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2022.2141860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Changes in the abiotic and biotic factors created by forest regeneration can have a major influence on soil respiration, which is an important component of the forest carbon (C) cycle. This study was performed to determine the soil respiration rates caused by regeneration approaches in Chamaecyparis obtusa planted in pine wilt disease (PWD)-disturbed stands in South Korea. In 2007, four-year-old C. obtusa seedlings were planted with two regeneration approaches, clearcutting (CS) of infected pine trees or underplanting following selective cutting (DS) of infected pine trees in disturbed pine stands. Soil respiration rates were assessed in two regeneration approaches and an undisturbed pine stand (NS) for two years. The mean soil respiration rates were significantly lower in the DS (1.07 µmol m−2 s−1) treatment than in the NS (1.87 µmol m−2 s−1) treatment, whereas there was no significant difference between the CS (1.44 µmol m−2 s−1) treatment and the NS or DS treatment. The three treatments showed exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperature (R 2 = 0.57–0.81). The annual soil respiration rates were significantly higher in the CS (6.49 Mg C ha−1 year−1) treatment than in the DS (3.98 Mg C ha−1 year−1) treatment. The Q 10 values were lowest in the DS (2.00–2.03) treatment, followed by the CS (2.23–2.62) and NS (2.74–3.07) treatments. These results reveal that DS approaches in PWD-disturbed stands are one for the critical drivers of reducing annual soil respiration rates.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"168 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42681273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2022.2067618
S. Minn, N. Mizoue, T. Ota
ABSTRACT There has been growing interest in the practice of reduced-impact logging (RIL) to enhance various ecological services of selectively logged tropical forests. It is thus important to evaluate the effectiveness of different logging operations between RIL and conventional logging (CON). The Myanmar Selection System (MSS) has a long history and is well known for its use of elephants for skidding, which is considered one form of RIL. However, the difference in the impacts of logging operations between the MSS using elephants for skidding and machine-only-based operations commonly adopted in other countries is unknown. The present study evaluated ground disturbance along elephant skid trails, along logging roads and at log landings in four compartments logged under the MSS, comparing with reported values for CON and RIL in the other countries. The ground disturbance in the MSS compartments was, respectively, 2.1% and 0.4% in average for logging roads and log landings; it is not significantly different from that for CON and RIL (p > 0.05). In contrast, the disturbed area along elephant skid trails (0.9%) is much lower than that for CON (5.2%) and RIL (4.7%) (p < 0.05). A large difference in the width of skid trails was found between elephant skidding (1.0 m) and machinery (CON: 5.5 m, RIL: 4.6 m) (p < 0.0001). We conclude that elephant skidding can largely reduce ground disturbance due to much narrower width of the skid trails as compared with machine skidding, while MSS does not differ from the other countries in ground disturbance at logging roads and log landings.
{"title":"Evaluating ground disturbance at elephant skid trails, logging roads and log landings under the Myanmar selection system","authors":"S. Minn, N. Mizoue, T. Ota","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2022.2067618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2022.2067618","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There has been growing interest in the practice of reduced-impact logging (RIL) to enhance various ecological services of selectively logged tropical forests. It is thus important to evaluate the effectiveness of different logging operations between RIL and conventional logging (CON). The Myanmar Selection System (MSS) has a long history and is well known for its use of elephants for skidding, which is considered one form of RIL. However, the difference in the impacts of logging operations between the MSS using elephants for skidding and machine-only-based operations commonly adopted in other countries is unknown. The present study evaluated ground disturbance along elephant skid trails, along logging roads and at log landings in four compartments logged under the MSS, comparing with reported values for CON and RIL in the other countries. The ground disturbance in the MSS compartments was, respectively, 2.1% and 0.4% in average for logging roads and log landings; it is not significantly different from that for CON and RIL (p > 0.05). In contrast, the disturbed area along elephant skid trails (0.9%) is much lower than that for CON (5.2%) and RIL (4.7%) (p < 0.05). A large difference in the width of skid trails was found between elephant skidding (1.0 m) and machinery (CON: 5.5 m, RIL: 4.6 m) (p < 0.0001). We conclude that elephant skidding can largely reduce ground disturbance due to much narrower width of the skid trails as compared with machine skidding, while MSS does not differ from the other countries in ground disturbance at logging roads and log landings.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"409 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42046042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2022.2138094
K. Togashi, J. Appleby
ABSTRACT To determine the influence of pine species on the adult body mass and emergence date of Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species, bolts of red, Scotch and eastern white pines infested with larvae were collected from Sinnissippi, Champaign, and Dixon Springs, Illinois, U.S.A and adults were daily captured. Monochamus carolinensis occurred in the three localities whereas M. titillator only in Dixon Springs, and M. notatus and M. scutellatus only in Sinnissippi. Eastern white pine produced heavier adults than Scotch pine introduced into North America for each Monochamus species except M. titillator. The three pine species produced M. carolinensis adults that were significantly lighter than those of the three other beetle species in 19 of the 34 pairwise comparisons. The magnitude relationship of adult body size among Monochamus species was modified by pine species; M. notatus was heavier than M. scutellatus when produced by Scotch or eastern white pine whereas M. scutellatus produced by eastern white pine was heavier than M. notatus by red pine. There was no difference in the mean body mass between M. carolinensis produced by red and eastern white pines and M. scutellatus by Scotch pine. The date of adult emergence was affected by pine species for M. carolinensis and M. notatus. However, the temporal order of the mean adult emergence date among three Monochamus species was not affected by pine species; Monochamus scutellatus emerged earliest and M. notatus latest. Thus, mixed forests might make the interspecific competition of Monochamus species for oviposition resources severer than pure forests.
{"title":"Influence of host pine species on the adult body mass and emergence date of Monochamus carolinensis, M. notatus, M. scutellatus and M. titillator (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)","authors":"K. Togashi, J. Appleby","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2022.2138094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2022.2138094","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To determine the influence of pine species on the adult body mass and emergence date of Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species, bolts of red, Scotch and eastern white pines infested with larvae were collected from Sinnissippi, Champaign, and Dixon Springs, Illinois, U.S.A and adults were daily captured. Monochamus carolinensis occurred in the three localities whereas M. titillator only in Dixon Springs, and M. notatus and M. scutellatus only in Sinnissippi. Eastern white pine produced heavier adults than Scotch pine introduced into North America for each Monochamus species except M. titillator. The three pine species produced M. carolinensis adults that were significantly lighter than those of the three other beetle species in 19 of the 34 pairwise comparisons. The magnitude relationship of adult body size among Monochamus species was modified by pine species; M. notatus was heavier than M. scutellatus when produced by Scotch or eastern white pine whereas M. scutellatus produced by eastern white pine was heavier than M. notatus by red pine. There was no difference in the mean body mass between M. carolinensis produced by red and eastern white pines and M. scutellatus by Scotch pine. The date of adult emergence was affected by pine species for M. carolinensis and M. notatus. However, the temporal order of the mean adult emergence date among three Monochamus species was not affected by pine species; Monochamus scutellatus emerged earliest and M. notatus latest. Thus, mixed forests might make the interspecific competition of Monochamus species for oviposition resources severer than pure forests.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"145 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45658682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Abies kawakamii (Hay.) Ito is an endemic species mainly distributed in Taiwan’s subalpine region with an elevation of 3,000–3,600 m above sea level. It is a significant ecological indicator species in high subtropical mountains regarding plant geography and climate change. Taiwan is an island in the Asian-Pacific region. Typhoons cause forest gaps belonging to small-scale disturbances in the forest ecosystem, which is critical in maintaining species diversity and forest regeneration. We set up seven long-term monitoring plots of Ab. kawakamii forest to investigate the stand structure, species composition, and environmental factors of Mount (Mt.) Xue in Shei-Pa National Park. Comparing tree numbers between two surveys in a decade. Most of the population structure of Ab. kawakamii showed a similar positive skewness distribution between the two surveys, indicating that the population of Ab. kawakamii forest in Mt. Xue would be stable. According to principal component analysis (PCA), population structure of Ab. kawakamii correlated with dominant understory species and saplings of Ab. kawakamii but may be related to their habitat condition, such as elevation. Death trees released space and resources as gaps in the subalpine forest, which initiated micro-succession in the Ab. kawakamii forest.
{"title":"Structure changes of the subalpine Taiwan fir (Abies kawakamii (Hay.) Ito) forest from 2008 to 2018","authors":"Min-Chun Liao, Pei-Hua Li, Wen Wang, Ching-An Chiu, Hsy-Yu Tzeng","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2022.2135523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2022.2135523","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Abies kawakamii (Hay.) Ito is an endemic species mainly distributed in Taiwan’s subalpine region with an elevation of 3,000–3,600 m above sea level. It is a significant ecological indicator species in high subtropical mountains regarding plant geography and climate change. Taiwan is an island in the Asian-Pacific region. Typhoons cause forest gaps belonging to small-scale disturbances in the forest ecosystem, which is critical in maintaining species diversity and forest regeneration. We set up seven long-term monitoring plots of Ab. kawakamii forest to investigate the stand structure, species composition, and environmental factors of Mount (Mt.) Xue in Shei-Pa National Park. Comparing tree numbers between two surveys in a decade. Most of the population structure of Ab. kawakamii showed a similar positive skewness distribution between the two surveys, indicating that the population of Ab. kawakamii forest in Mt. Xue would be stable. According to principal component analysis (PCA), population structure of Ab. kawakamii correlated with dominant understory species and saplings of Ab. kawakamii but may be related to their habitat condition, such as elevation. Death trees released space and resources as gaps in the subalpine forest, which initiated micro-succession in the Ab. kawakamii forest.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"126 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48333364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2022.2138096
Xingdong Li, C. Lin, Mingxian Zhang, Sanping Li, Shufa Sun, Jiuqing Liu, T. Hu, Long Sun
ABSTRACT Modeling forest fire spread rate is a complex problem, and the existing models are unable to accurately predict the rate of fires spreading towards any directions. In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model is designed to predict the spread rate of forest fires spreading in any directions and using the spread direction as one of the model’s inputs. Several outdoor burning experiments were designed and conducted in order to obtain a dataset on which the model can be trained and validated. Correlation analysis was performed on the variables, and their positions are arranged in a fourth-order matrix according to the strength of their correlations to reflect the correlations in space for feature extraction by the CNN. A deep neural network (DNN)-based model is also designed for comparison to demonstrate the advantages of considering the correlation between variables. The comparison with the improved Wang’s model proves that the model proposed in this paper has higher prediction accuracy compared with the traditional model. The validation experiments were carried out in terms of fire spread rate or fire line’s position. The proposed spread model can provide the technical support for managing the forest fires.
{"title":"Predicting the rate of forest fire spread toward any directions based on a CNN model considering the correlations of input variables","authors":"Xingdong Li, C. Lin, Mingxian Zhang, Sanping Li, Shufa Sun, Jiuqing Liu, T. Hu, Long Sun","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2022.2138096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2022.2138096","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Modeling forest fire spread rate is a complex problem, and the existing models are unable to accurately predict the rate of fires spreading towards any directions. In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model is designed to predict the spread rate of forest fires spreading in any directions and using the spread direction as one of the model’s inputs. Several outdoor burning experiments were designed and conducted in order to obtain a dataset on which the model can be trained and validated. Correlation analysis was performed on the variables, and their positions are arranged in a fourth-order matrix according to the strength of their correlations to reflect the correlations in space for feature extraction by the CNN. A deep neural network (DNN)-based model is also designed for comparison to demonstrate the advantages of considering the correlation between variables. The comparison with the improved Wang’s model proves that the model proposed in this paper has higher prediction accuracy compared with the traditional model. The validation experiments were carried out in terms of fire spread rate or fire line’s position. The proposed spread model can provide the technical support for managing the forest fires.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"111 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49218851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2022.2137095
Yudai Nagami, Satoshi Nanami, A. Itoh
ABSTRACT Seed dispersal by birds is critical for regeneration and maintenance of plant populations. Birds likely rely on both visible light of human’s eyes and ultraviolet (UV) reflectance when foraging for fruit. Fruit color is suggested to be an honest signal that allows birds to assess nutrient status. We assessed UV reflectance and pericarp color as honest indicators of fruit maturity in three fruiting shrubs in Osaka, Japan. We measured sugar content and light spectra in the fruits of Eurya japonica, Ligustrum obtusifolium and Ligustrum japonicum and observed birds foraging on target individuals. We found that a model including fruit color and UV reflection as explanatory variables best explained variation in fruit sugar content in E. japonica and L. obtusifolium, whereas UV reflection alone best explained variation in L. japonicum. Next, we assessed relationships between fruit color and bird foraging behavior and found strong temporal correlation between active foraging and peak sugar content. Bird foraging behavior differed among the three shrub species. This is probably because fruit consumption by birds is not entirely dependent on fruit color or sugar content of the fruits. It must depend on various factors such as the presence of fruiting neighbors of conspecific or heterospecific plants and seasonal variation of population-level or community-level fruit abundance.
{"title":"Frugivorous bird foraging is related to pericarp color and ultraviolet reflectance in fruiting shrub species","authors":"Yudai Nagami, Satoshi Nanami, A. Itoh","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2022.2137095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2022.2137095","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Seed dispersal by birds is critical for regeneration and maintenance of plant populations. Birds likely rely on both visible light of human’s eyes and ultraviolet (UV) reflectance when foraging for fruit. Fruit color is suggested to be an honest signal that allows birds to assess nutrient status. We assessed UV reflectance and pericarp color as honest indicators of fruit maturity in three fruiting shrubs in Osaka, Japan. We measured sugar content and light spectra in the fruits of Eurya japonica, Ligustrum obtusifolium and Ligustrum japonicum and observed birds foraging on target individuals. We found that a model including fruit color and UV reflection as explanatory variables best explained variation in fruit sugar content in E. japonica and L. obtusifolium, whereas UV reflection alone best explained variation in L. japonicum. Next, we assessed relationships between fruit color and bird foraging behavior and found strong temporal correlation between active foraging and peak sugar content. Bird foraging behavior differed among the three shrub species. This is probably because fruit consumption by birds is not entirely dependent on fruit color or sugar content of the fruits. It must depend on various factors such as the presence of fruiting neighbors of conspecific or heterospecific plants and seasonal variation of population-level or community-level fruit abundance.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"136 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48363503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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