ABSTRACT Kadsura coccinea is an evergreen woody vine species indigenous to Southeast Asia and south China with great promise in medicine, food, and ornamental gardening. Its natural resources have decreased dramatically due to irrational fruits and roots harvesting in two decades recently, which may result in heavy erosion of its genetic resources, especially in Hunan Province, China. Here 406 individuals of K. coccinea were collected from 11 natural populations in Hunan Province, and were analyzed for genetic variation using 17 polymorphic microsatellite markers. A total of 163 alleles were amplified with a mean of 9.588 alleles per locus. The mean effective number of alleles per locus, allele richness and the expected heterozygosity of these populations were 2.910, 4.171 and 0.558 on average, respectively, indicating a bit low level of genetic diversity. The among-population differentiation (FST) accounted for 13.63% of the total genetic variation, and analysis of molecular variance also showed 13.38% of genetic variation existed among populations, representing a high genetic differentiation and a bit limited gene flow (Nm = 1.813) among these populations. The results of Bayesian clustering analysis and neighbor-joining clustering analysis showed that populations GD and YZ were specific, and CB and HT were assigned into a cluster. The mantel test demonstrated that the genetic distances revealed by pairwise FST between populations were remarkably correlated to geographic distances. It is the first report on genetic diversity of species in genus Kadsura using molecular markers, and the findings provide fundamental base for genetic resources conservation and breeding of this species.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population genetic structure in Kadsura coccinea (Schisandraceae), an evergreen woody vine from Hunan, China","authors":"Jian-Wen Zou, Run-Hua He, Hong-xin Rao, Xian-Quan Luo, Ling Chen","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2220192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2220192","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Kadsura coccinea is an evergreen woody vine species indigenous to Southeast Asia and south China with great promise in medicine, food, and ornamental gardening. Its natural resources have decreased dramatically due to irrational fruits and roots harvesting in two decades recently, which may result in heavy erosion of its genetic resources, especially in Hunan Province, China. Here 406 individuals of K. coccinea were collected from 11 natural populations in Hunan Province, and were analyzed for genetic variation using 17 polymorphic microsatellite markers. A total of 163 alleles were amplified with a mean of 9.588 alleles per locus. The mean effective number of alleles per locus, allele richness and the expected heterozygosity of these populations were 2.910, 4.171 and 0.558 on average, respectively, indicating a bit low level of genetic diversity. The among-population differentiation (FST) accounted for 13.63% of the total genetic variation, and analysis of molecular variance also showed 13.38% of genetic variation existed among populations, representing a high genetic differentiation and a bit limited gene flow (Nm = 1.813) among these populations. The results of Bayesian clustering analysis and neighbor-joining clustering analysis showed that populations GD and YZ were specific, and CB and HT were assigned into a cluster. The mantel test demonstrated that the genetic distances revealed by pairwise FST between populations were remarkably correlated to geographic distances. It is the first report on genetic diversity of species in genus Kadsura using molecular markers, and the findings provide fundamental base for genetic resources conservation and breeding of this species.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"364 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42927415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2213517
Ji-Young Ahn, K. Hong, Hyo-In Lim
ABSTRACT The study of genetic diversity and structure in populations of tree species is critical to establishing conservation and management strategies. Quercus variabilis is a widely distributed tree species in the Republic of Korea. It is ecologically adapted to the local environment and is thus a useful resource for tree breeding in the Republic of Korea. Most populations are secondary forests resulting from ecological succession. In this study, we estimated the genetic diversity and structure of natural populations of Q. variabilis. We used 10 microsatellite markers to genetically analyze 691 samples from 20 populations. The mean observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.673 and 0.691, respectively. The genetic diversity of Q. variabilis was moderate compared to other Quercus species. The mean pairwise FST value was 0.010 and the фST value was 0.013, based on AMOVA. The mean FST value was 0.022 from Wright’s F-statistics. The genetic differentiation was very low compared to other Quercus species. Additionally, we did not find any genetic clustering using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, principal coordinates analysis, or Bayesian cluster analysis. No correlation was detected between geographical and genetic distances (r = 0.005, P = 0.472). Therefore, the genetic diversity and structure of Q. variabilis may be affected by dynamic factors such as biological characteristics, evolutionary history, disturbance, and adaptation. Overall, our results may help to establish suitable forest conservation and management strategies in the Republic of Korea.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and structure of Quercus variabilis populations in the Republic of Korea based on microsatellite markers","authors":"Ji-Young Ahn, K. Hong, Hyo-In Lim","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2213517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2213517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study of genetic diversity and structure in populations of tree species is critical to establishing conservation and management strategies. Quercus variabilis is a widely distributed tree species in the Republic of Korea. It is ecologically adapted to the local environment and is thus a useful resource for tree breeding in the Republic of Korea. Most populations are secondary forests resulting from ecological succession. In this study, we estimated the genetic diversity and structure of natural populations of Q. variabilis. We used 10 microsatellite markers to genetically analyze 691 samples from 20 populations. The mean observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.673 and 0.691, respectively. The genetic diversity of Q. variabilis was moderate compared to other Quercus species. The mean pairwise FST value was 0.010 and the фST value was 0.013, based on AMOVA. The mean FST value was 0.022 from Wright’s F-statistics. The genetic differentiation was very low compared to other Quercus species. Additionally, we did not find any genetic clustering using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, principal coordinates analysis, or Bayesian cluster analysis. No correlation was detected between geographical and genetic distances (r = 0.005, P = 0.472). Therefore, the genetic diversity and structure of Q. variabilis may be affected by dynamic factors such as biological characteristics, evolutionary history, disturbance, and adaptation. Overall, our results may help to establish suitable forest conservation and management strategies in the Republic of Korea.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"353 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43946084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2207294
Naoto Kawata, Takahiko Yoshioka, Kana Hotta, W. Azuma, H. Ishii
ABSTRACT The combined effects of management history and ecosystem connectivity make it difficult to predict future dynamics of abandoned and unmanaged ecosystems. In Japan, unmanaged, secondary forests (satoyama) face risk of arrested or diverted succession, due to extensive human influence across the landscape. Proximity to climax forests, which function as seed sources, could determine the course of succession of abandoned satoyama. Here, we investigated spatial/temporal variation of species composition and stand structure of abandoned satoyama adjacent to a mature lucidophyllous forest in warm-temperate Japan to elucidate the course of succession after abandonment. Two study plots were established in the unmanaged, secondary forest at varying distances from the mature lucidophyllous forest. We calculated vegetation similarity indices among the plots to elucidate spatial variation and temporal change of species composition and stand structure and visualized relationships using nMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) ordination. Over the past 15 years, species composition and stand structure of the secondary forest have changed following the normal course of succession. This was because shade-intolerant shrubs, such as Rhododendron, were replaced by recruitment of climax species originating from the lucidophyllous forest. However, Quercus serrata (deciduous oak) and shade-intolerant evergreen trees continued to dominate the upper-canopy. Although the adjacent lucidophyllous forest is an effective seed source for recruitment of climax species, it may take several more decades for the secondary forest to reach late-successional composition and structure, due to legacy effects of past management.
{"title":"Secondary succession of an unmanaged coppice woodland adjacent to late-successional, lucidophyllous forest in western Japan","authors":"Naoto Kawata, Takahiko Yoshioka, Kana Hotta, W. Azuma, H. Ishii","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2207294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2207294","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The combined effects of management history and ecosystem connectivity make it difficult to predict future dynamics of abandoned and unmanaged ecosystems. In Japan, unmanaged, secondary forests (satoyama) face risk of arrested or diverted succession, due to extensive human influence across the landscape. Proximity to climax forests, which function as seed sources, could determine the course of succession of abandoned satoyama. Here, we investigated spatial/temporal variation of species composition and stand structure of abandoned satoyama adjacent to a mature lucidophyllous forest in warm-temperate Japan to elucidate the course of succession after abandonment. Two study plots were established in the unmanaged, secondary forest at varying distances from the mature lucidophyllous forest. We calculated vegetation similarity indices among the plots to elucidate spatial variation and temporal change of species composition and stand structure and visualized relationships using nMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) ordination. Over the past 15 years, species composition and stand structure of the secondary forest have changed following the normal course of succession. This was because shade-intolerant shrubs, such as Rhododendron, were replaced by recruitment of climax species originating from the lucidophyllous forest. However, Quercus serrata (deciduous oak) and shade-intolerant evergreen trees continued to dominate the upper-canopy. Although the adjacent lucidophyllous forest is an effective seed source for recruitment of climax species, it may take several more decades for the secondary forest to reach late-successional composition and structure, due to legacy effects of past management.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"345 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41337401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2207261
K. Osumi, T. Masaki
ABSTRACT The longevity of tall tree species is an essential variable for understanding the dynamics and structure of forest ecosystems. However, it is difficult to accumulate sufficient observations on the mortality of mature individuals in natural populations to obtain a general longevity index. Therefore, we applied a statistical method based on annual ring-count data for approximately 1,700 large-diameter trees from 42 tree species to estimate an age limit for each species. The estimated attainable age varied widely among species, with the longest-living group (approximately 700 years) that included Aesculus turbinata, Kalopanax septemlobus, and Quercus crispula reaching seven times the lifespan of the shortest-living group that included Populus suaveolens, Betula platyphylla, and Cornus controversa. Fagus crenata, the dominant climax species in the region, had moderate longevity. Longevity was not necessarily linked to the regeneration strategy of pioneer species, which are highly shade intolerant during seedling establishment, as many long-lived species also exhibited pioneer-species-like regeneration. Although longevity varied greatly within some genera such as Betula, we detected a phylogenetic influence on longevity across a wide range of taxa. A comparison of longevity among common taxa in the northern Japanese Archipelago and North America showed that each taxon had similar longevity in both regions. These findings imply that the longevity of the tree species examined in this study is phylogenetically fixed, and that the longevity of each component species has similar effects on forest dynamics in forest communities in both regions, each of which contains many closely related species and has similar species compositions.
{"title":"Longevity of tall tree species in temperate forests of the northern Japanese Archipelago","authors":"K. Osumi, T. Masaki","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2207261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2207261","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The longevity of tall tree species is an essential variable for understanding the dynamics and structure of forest ecosystems. However, it is difficult to accumulate sufficient observations on the mortality of mature individuals in natural populations to obtain a general longevity index. Therefore, we applied a statistical method based on annual ring-count data for approximately 1,700 large-diameter trees from 42 tree species to estimate an age limit for each species. The estimated attainable age varied widely among species, with the longest-living group (approximately 700 years) that included Aesculus turbinata, Kalopanax septemlobus, and Quercus crispula reaching seven times the lifespan of the shortest-living group that included Populus suaveolens, Betula platyphylla, and Cornus controversa. Fagus crenata, the dominant climax species in the region, had moderate longevity. Longevity was not necessarily linked to the regeneration strategy of pioneer species, which are highly shade intolerant during seedling establishment, as many long-lived species also exhibited pioneer-species-like regeneration. Although longevity varied greatly within some genera such as Betula, we detected a phylogenetic influence on longevity across a wide range of taxa. A comparison of longevity among common taxa in the northern Japanese Archipelago and North America showed that each taxon had similar longevity in both regions. These findings imply that the longevity of the tree species examined in this study is phylogenetically fixed, and that the longevity of each component species has similar effects on forest dynamics in forest communities in both regions, each of which contains many closely related species and has similar species compositions.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"333 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47343749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2209958
S. Ito, M. Kurita, R. Hirata, Kiwamu Yamagishi
ABSTRACT We examined whether 100% atmospheric humidity had a positive or negative effect on rooting rate and root development in sugi shoot cuttings. To assess the effectiveness of producing shoot cuttings using the “aerial cutting” method, we compared the rooting rate, root mass and shoot growth of sugi shoot cuttings reared in a closed environment with nearly 100% atmospheric humidity (vapor pressure deficit (VPD) = 0; closed aerial cuttings (CL)) with individuals grown in an open environment (VPD>0; open aerial cuttings (OP) and open aquaculture cuttings (AQ)). The results showed that an atmospheric humidity of 100% had a negative effect on rooting. The CL shoot cuttings tended to have a lower rooting rate and smaller root dry mass compared to cuttings grown under open conditions (OP and AQ), suggesting a possibility that the rooting of sugi cuttings requires moderate water stress so that the water-absorbing organs can develop and compensate for water loss due to transpiration. Shoot elongation was highest in CL shoot cuttings with frequent mist irrigation, and the lowest in AQ shoot cuttings with no foliar water uptake (FWU) above the water level. The findings suggest that FWU promoted stem elongation in CL shoot cuttings without roots.
{"title":"Rooting of sugi cuttings in closed and semi-closed conditions under mist irrigation","authors":"S. Ito, M. Kurita, R. Hirata, Kiwamu Yamagishi","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2209958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2209958","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We examined whether 100% atmospheric humidity had a positive or negative effect on rooting rate and root development in sugi shoot cuttings. To assess the effectiveness of producing shoot cuttings using the “aerial cutting” method, we compared the rooting rate, root mass and shoot growth of sugi shoot cuttings reared in a closed environment with nearly 100% atmospheric humidity (vapor pressure deficit (VPD) = 0; closed aerial cuttings (CL)) with individuals grown in an open environment (VPD>0; open aerial cuttings (OP) and open aquaculture cuttings (AQ)). The results showed that an atmospheric humidity of 100% had a negative effect on rooting. The CL shoot cuttings tended to have a lower rooting rate and smaller root dry mass compared to cuttings grown under open conditions (OP and AQ), suggesting a possibility that the rooting of sugi cuttings requires moderate water stress so that the water-absorbing organs can develop and compensate for water loss due to transpiration. Shoot elongation was highest in CL shoot cuttings with frequent mist irrigation, and the lowest in AQ shoot cuttings with no foliar water uptake (FWU) above the water level. The findings suggest that FWU promoted stem elongation in CL shoot cuttings without roots.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"380 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42884427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2208784
Taiki Mori, T. Hashimoto, Y. Sakai
ABSTRACT Interactive effects of nutrient status and climatic factors on litter decomposition remain unclear, partly due to the difficulty of extracting these effects from multiple decomposition data obtained from geographically diverse locations. Conducting the tea bag method repeatedly across different seasons, using the same fertilization study site and a short 90-day period, can be a useful tool for examining the interactive effects, as this method allows for a high degree of control over site effects by using an identical study site. In this study, we explored the sensitivity of the tea bag method in detecting the impacts of nutrient addition on tea material decomposition, as well as the interactive effects of nutrient addition and climatic factors on decomposition. At a 38-year continuous nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization experimental Sakhalin fir stand, we demonstrated that the mass loss ratio of rooibos tea and decomposition constant k, both of which are indicators of early-stage decomposition, were elevated by fertilization in summer, but not in winter. This was probably because, in summer when decomposition rates are less constrained by climatic conditions, the impact of nutrient availability on decomposition rates was relatively stronger compared to other seasons. Thus, the tea bag method can serve as a suitable tool for examining the effect of nutrient addition on early-stage litter decomposition and their interaction with climatic effects. Meanwhile, we concluded that the effects of nutrient addition on late-stage litter decomposition are undetectable by the tea bag method, because this method does not take into account lignin degradation.
{"title":"Innovative use of tea bags to investigate the interactive effect of nutrient status and climatic factors on litter decomposition","authors":"Taiki Mori, T. Hashimoto, Y. Sakai","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2208784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2208784","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Interactive effects of nutrient status and climatic factors on litter decomposition remain unclear, partly due to the difficulty of extracting these effects from multiple decomposition data obtained from geographically diverse locations. Conducting the tea bag method repeatedly across different seasons, using the same fertilization study site and a short 90-day period, can be a useful tool for examining the interactive effects, as this method allows for a high degree of control over site effects by using an identical study site. In this study, we explored the sensitivity of the tea bag method in detecting the impacts of nutrient addition on tea material decomposition, as well as the interactive effects of nutrient addition and climatic factors on decomposition. At a 38-year continuous nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization experimental Sakhalin fir stand, we demonstrated that the mass loss ratio of rooibos tea and decomposition constant k, both of which are indicators of early-stage decomposition, were elevated by fertilization in summer, but not in winter. This was probably because, in summer when decomposition rates are less constrained by climatic conditions, the impact of nutrient availability on decomposition rates was relatively stronger compared to other seasons. Thus, the tea bag method can serve as a suitable tool for examining the effect of nutrient addition on early-stage litter decomposition and their interaction with climatic effects. Meanwhile, we concluded that the effects of nutrient addition on late-stage litter decomposition are undetectable by the tea bag method, because this method does not take into account lignin degradation.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"374 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45614340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2205719
Y. Inoue, M. Araki, Satoshi Kitaoka, T. Tsurita, T. Sakata, S. Saito, T. Kenzo
ABSTRACT Although seasonal differences in drought damage to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) have been well studied, the mechanisms underlying these seasonal differences remain poorly understood. In this study, we measured seasonal changes in current-year shoot growth; leaf mass per area (LMA); water potential at turgor loss point (Ψtlp), predawn (Ψpre), and midday (Ψmid); osmotic potential (Ψs); maximum transpiration rates; and maximum stomatal conductance in a 43-year-old Japanese cedar stand, with particular focus on the relationship between the shoot growth period and seasonal variation in Ψtlp, and the turgor safety margin (Ψmid – Ψtlp) to identify the season in which these trees are most vulnerable to drought. Current-year shoot growth began in April, with high shoot growth continuing until August. Ψtlp varied significantly throughout the year and was particularly high during the shoot growth period. Increasing LMA and decreasing Ψs caused a reduction in Ψtlp from autumn to winter, and Ψmid dropped to approximately the level of Ψtlp during the summer due to high transpiration activity, and increased with decreasing transpiration rates during the winter. Thus, the turgor safety margin was smaller in the summer than in the winter. These results suggest that Japanese cedar is most vulnerable to drought in the summer due to high Ψtlp during the shoot growth period.
{"title":"Seasonal changes in leaf water relations in regards to leaf drought tolerance in mature Cryptomeria japonica canopy trees","authors":"Y. Inoue, M. Araki, Satoshi Kitaoka, T. Tsurita, T. Sakata, S. Saito, T. Kenzo","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2205719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2205719","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although seasonal differences in drought damage to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) have been well studied, the mechanisms underlying these seasonal differences remain poorly understood. In this study, we measured seasonal changes in current-year shoot growth; leaf mass per area (LMA); water potential at turgor loss point (Ψtlp), predawn (Ψpre), and midday (Ψmid); osmotic potential (Ψs); maximum transpiration rates; and maximum stomatal conductance in a 43-year-old Japanese cedar stand, with particular focus on the relationship between the shoot growth period and seasonal variation in Ψtlp, and the turgor safety margin (Ψmid – Ψtlp) to identify the season in which these trees are most vulnerable to drought. Current-year shoot growth began in April, with high shoot growth continuing until August. Ψtlp varied significantly throughout the year and was particularly high during the shoot growth period. Increasing LMA and decreasing Ψs caused a reduction in Ψtlp from autumn to winter, and Ψmid dropped to approximately the level of Ψtlp during the summer due to high transpiration activity, and increased with decreasing transpiration rates during the winter. Thus, the turgor safety margin was smaller in the summer than in the winter. These results suggest that Japanese cedar is most vulnerable to drought in the summer due to high Ψtlp during the shoot growth period.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"280 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47728661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2198113
Tatsuyoshi Saito, M. Nakata, N. Yamashita, Y. Inomata, S. Uchiyama, T. Ohizumi, H. Sase
ABSTRACT Acidic substances, specifically sulfur (S) compounds, derived from atmospheric deposition play a major role in the acidification of forest ecosystems. This study conducted field surveys to clarify a buffering system against seasonal large S inputs in a forested catchment in central Japan that has historically suffered from transboundary air pollution. Results showed that atmospheric S fluxes significantly increased in winter due to north-westerly seasonal winds from the Asian continent; fluxes were 1.1 and 0.3 kmolc ha−1 in the cold and warm seasons, respectively, due to the large effects of sea salt and transboundary air pollution. Despite the large seasonality within atmospheric deposition, SO4 2– concentrations in stream water (SW) were found to be relatively stable throughout the year. Similarly, S isotopic ratios (δ34S) in rainwater showed clear seasonal variation, increasing to 12‰ in winter and decreasing to 2‰ in summer, whereas the δ34S value of SW was stable year-round at ~9‰. Flux-weighted mean δ34S values for rainfall (RF), throughfall, stemflow, and SW were similar, i.e. 8.5, 9.5, 9.0, and 9.0‰, respectively. Both the δ34S values and the SO4 2– concentrations in RF and soil solutions appear to converge at values of SW, suggesting that atmospheric deposition is a primary S origin in SW. The sulfur adsorption-desorption in soil appears to mainly buffer the large sulfur input and prevent sudden acidification, whereas a relatively small biological sulfur cycle was suggested by litterfall. Possible disturbances within this buffering system should be carefully monitored under a changing climate.
{"title":"Vertical changes in sulfur isotopic ratio of water flowing through a forested catchment along the coast of the sea of Japan in central Japan–a buffer against seasonal transboundary air pollution","authors":"Tatsuyoshi Saito, M. Nakata, N. Yamashita, Y. Inomata, S. Uchiyama, T. Ohizumi, H. Sase","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2198113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2198113","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Acidic substances, specifically sulfur (S) compounds, derived from atmospheric deposition play a major role in the acidification of forest ecosystems. This study conducted field surveys to clarify a buffering system against seasonal large S inputs in a forested catchment in central Japan that has historically suffered from transboundary air pollution. Results showed that atmospheric S fluxes significantly increased in winter due to north-westerly seasonal winds from the Asian continent; fluxes were 1.1 and 0.3 kmolc ha−1 in the cold and warm seasons, respectively, due to the large effects of sea salt and transboundary air pollution. Despite the large seasonality within atmospheric deposition, SO4 2– concentrations in stream water (SW) were found to be relatively stable throughout the year. Similarly, S isotopic ratios (δ34S) in rainwater showed clear seasonal variation, increasing to 12‰ in winter and decreasing to 2‰ in summer, whereas the δ34S value of SW was stable year-round at ~9‰. Flux-weighted mean δ34S values for rainfall (RF), throughfall, stemflow, and SW were similar, i.e. 8.5, 9.5, 9.0, and 9.0‰, respectively. Both the δ34S values and the SO4 2– concentrations in RF and soil solutions appear to converge at values of SW, suggesting that atmospheric deposition is a primary S origin in SW. The sulfur adsorption-desorption in soil appears to mainly buffer the large sulfur input and prevent sudden acidification, whereas a relatively small biological sulfur cycle was suggested by litterfall. Possible disturbances within this buffering system should be carefully monitored under a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"240 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44846176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2198111
Takeshi Irie, K. Kawamura, S. Yamanaka, F. Nakamura
ABSTRACT Reconciling timber production with biodiversity conservation is essential. Increasing the mixture of broadleaved (BL) trees into conifer plantations increases the abundance of species that prefer natural BL forests but can reduce conifer yields. Therefore, modeling of the relationships of the abundances of various taxa with conifer and BL trees is necessary for effective biodiversity conservation. Longhorn and carabid beetles are useful ecological indicators; however, their responses to the amount (e.g. basal area and coverage) of conifer and BL trees within stands remain unknown. We surveyed the abundances of longhorn and carabid beetles in plantations of Todo fir Abies sachalinensis and Sakhalin spruce Picea glehnii mixed with various amounts of BL trees and in natural BL forests. We analyzed the response of each taxon to the basal area of conifer trees (CBA) within stands. Unexpectedly, for longhorn beetles, no effect of CBA was detected for species using BL trees as larval host plants and the effect was positive for generalist species. For carabid beetles, the total abundance of forest-dependent species decreased almost linearly with increasing CBA. The species-level mean response was decreasing abundance with increasing CBA, which occurred more rapidly in the lower range of CBA. These results suggest large negative impacts of conifer trees, even in small amounts, for many carabid species. To reconcile timber production with carabid beetle conservation, it is essential to maintain remnant natural BL forests and revert unsuccessful conifer plantations containing abundant BL trees into BL forests.
摘要木材生产与生物多样性保护的协调至关重要。将阔叶树（BL）的混合物增加到针叶树种植园中，增加了喜欢天然BL林但会降低针叶树产量的物种的丰度。因此，对各种类群与针叶树和BL树的丰度关系进行建模对于有效保护生物多样性是必要的。长角甲虫和甲甲虫是有用的生态指标；然而，它们对林分内针叶树和BL树数量（如基底面积和覆盖率）的反应仍然未知。我们调查了Todo fir Abies sachalinensis和萨哈林云杉Picea glehnii与不同数量BL树混合的种植园以及天然BL林中长角甲虫和商甲甲虫的丰度。我们分析了各分类单元对林分内针叶树基部面积的响应。出乎意料的是，对于长角甲虫，使用BL树作为幼虫寄主植物的物种没有检测到CBA的影响，而对多面手物种的影响是积极的。对于甲虫来说，森林依赖物种的总丰度几乎随着CBA的增加而线性下降。物种水平的平均响应随着CBA的增加而减少，在CBA的较低范围内发生得更快。这些结果表明，针叶树对许多甲壳类物种产生了巨大的负面影响，即使影响很小。为了使木材生产与甲虫保护相协调，必须维护剩余的天然BL林，并将含有大量BL树的不成功的针叶树种植园恢复为BL林。
{"title":"Effects of plantation intensity on longhorn and carabid beetles in conifer plantations mixed with broadleaved trees in northern Japan","authors":"Takeshi Irie, K. Kawamura, S. Yamanaka, F. Nakamura","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2198111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2198111","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Reconciling timber production with biodiversity conservation is essential. Increasing the mixture of broadleaved (BL) trees into conifer plantations increases the abundance of species that prefer natural BL forests but can reduce conifer yields. Therefore, modeling of the relationships of the abundances of various taxa with conifer and BL trees is necessary for effective biodiversity conservation. Longhorn and carabid beetles are useful ecological indicators; however, their responses to the amount (e.g. basal area and coverage) of conifer and BL trees within stands remain unknown. We surveyed the abundances of longhorn and carabid beetles in plantations of Todo fir Abies sachalinensis and Sakhalin spruce Picea glehnii mixed with various amounts of BL trees and in natural BL forests. We analyzed the response of each taxon to the basal area of conifer trees (CBA) within stands. Unexpectedly, for longhorn beetles, no effect of CBA was detected for species using BL trees as larval host plants and the effect was positive for generalist species. For carabid beetles, the total abundance of forest-dependent species decreased almost linearly with increasing CBA. The species-level mean response was decreasing abundance with increasing CBA, which occurred more rapidly in the lower range of CBA. These results suggest large negative impacts of conifer trees, even in small amounts, for many carabid species. To reconcile timber production with carabid beetle conservation, it is essential to maintain remnant natural BL forests and revert unsuccessful conifer plantations containing abundant BL trees into BL forests.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"297 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48944084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2198132
Shufen Chen, W. Ishizuka, M. Kuromaru, S. Goto
ABSTRACT Microenvironmental heterogeneity in forest stands results in spatial variations in growth traits. Especially in progeny tests in tree breeding, this spatial variation can prevent the accurate estimation of genetic parameters, including breeding values. To quantify spatial heterogeneity, genetic models incorporating spatial coordinate information have been effectively used to accurately estimate breeding values of individuals. In this study, we measured the height of all Japanese larch and hybrid larch individuals in a progeny trial at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 years after planting and calculated genetic parameters, including breeding values, using genetic models. According to the fittings of the candidate models, a genetic model incorporating spatial coordinate information is more suitable for estimating genetic parameters. Overall, a genetic model incorporating spatial coordinate information could be effective in explaining the genetic effects of tree height, which will be useful for estimating more accurate breeding values in hybrid larch breeding programs.
{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity analysis for estimating breeding values of tree height in a hybrid larch progeny test plantation","authors":"Shufen Chen, W. Ishizuka, M. Kuromaru, S. Goto","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2198132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2198132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Microenvironmental heterogeneity in forest stands results in spatial variations in growth traits. Especially in progeny tests in tree breeding, this spatial variation can prevent the accurate estimation of genetic parameters, including breeding values. To quantify spatial heterogeneity, genetic models incorporating spatial coordinate information have been effectively used to accurately estimate breeding values of individuals. In this study, we measured the height of all Japanese larch and hybrid larch individuals in a progeny trial at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 years after planting and calculated genetic parameters, including breeding values, using genetic models. According to the fittings of the candidate models, a genetic model incorporating spatial coordinate information is more suitable for estimating genetic parameters. Overall, a genetic model incorporating spatial coordinate information could be effective in explaining the genetic effects of tree height, which will be useful for estimating more accurate breeding values in hybrid larch breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"305 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42834380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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