Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2198156
Xia Li, Ruihui Wang, Kaili Liu, Yuhuai Zhou, J. Hu
ABSTRACT Tree growth, along with soil properties, is greatly affected by forest management. We used a typical sampling to study the impact of four thinning intensities (T1: 0%, 2500 stems ha−1; T2: 20%, 2010 stems ha−1; T3: 30%, 1750 stems ha−1; T4: 40%, 1500 stems ha−1) on the tree growth and soil physicochemical properties and their correlation in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations. The average annual increments in tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and volume increased with thinning intensity, and those of T4 differed significantly (P < 0.05) from those of T1. The average annual stand volume increments of T4 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of T1, while the maximum value presented at T3. However, the effect of thinning in promoting the growth of Chinese fir diminished with time. As the thinning intensity increased, the diameter class distribution of the sample stands moved rightwards. Moreover, thinning improved soil physiochemical properties. The effects of thinning on soil properties in 0–20 cm soil layer were greater than those in 20–40 cm soil layer. There was a positive correlation between available nitrogen, available potassium and tree growth. The results of this study showed that thinning had a potential effect on tree growth and soil properties. The heavy thinning intensity (approximately 1500 stems ha−1) was the optimum for maintaining economic and ecological benefits. However, heavy thinning significantly reduced stand volume. From the perspective of improving stand volume and biomass, a moderate thinning intensity (approximately 1750 stems ha−1) could be considered for adoption.
{"title":"Effects of thinning on tree growth and soil physiochemical properties in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation","authors":"Xia Li, Ruihui Wang, Kaili Liu, Yuhuai Zhou, J. Hu","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2198156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2198156","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tree growth, along with soil properties, is greatly affected by forest management. We used a typical sampling to study the impact of four thinning intensities (T1: 0%, 2500 stems ha−1; T2: 20%, 2010 stems ha−1; T3: 30%, 1750 stems ha−1; T4: 40%, 1500 stems ha−1) on the tree growth and soil physicochemical properties and their correlation in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations. The average annual increments in tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and volume increased with thinning intensity, and those of T4 differed significantly (P < 0.05) from those of T1. The average annual stand volume increments of T4 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of T1, while the maximum value presented at T3. However, the effect of thinning in promoting the growth of Chinese fir diminished with time. As the thinning intensity increased, the diameter class distribution of the sample stands moved rightwards. Moreover, thinning improved soil physiochemical properties. The effects of thinning on soil properties in 0–20 cm soil layer were greater than those in 20–40 cm soil layer. There was a positive correlation between available nitrogen, available potassium and tree growth. The results of this study showed that thinning had a potential effect on tree growth and soil properties. The heavy thinning intensity (approximately 1500 stems ha−1) was the optimum for maintaining economic and ecological benefits. However, heavy thinning significantly reduced stand volume. From the perspective of improving stand volume and biomass, a moderate thinning intensity (approximately 1750 stems ha−1) could be considered for adoption.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"251 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43638785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2195038
K. Kawamura, Y. Yamaura, F. Nakamura
ABSTRACT Early successional habitats and their associated species have been decreasing globally. In contrast, plantations have been expanding and their young stages (stand age ≤ 10 years) can serve as early successional habitats. The Gray Nightjar (Caprimulgus jotaka), a nocturnal bird species, breeds and forages in early successional habitats surrounded by forests; its populations have declined since the 1970s in Japan. Because nightjars are more abundant in warmer areas across Hokkaido, northern Japan, habitat creation through plantation harvesting was expected to promote nightjar abundance or occupancy in this region. To explore the effects of plantation harvesting on nightjar occupancy, we conducted an 8-year playback survey in a plantation landscape in central Hokkaido. We considered the effects of elevation as a surrogate for temperature. The results indicated that increasing young forest cover within 500 m of the centroid of each site enhanced nightjar occupancy, whereas elevation negatively affected occupancy. Therefore, at lower elevations, we predict a larger increase in occupancy probability with increasing young forest cover following plantation harvesting. Our results suggest that young forest creation in landscapes can contribute to Gray Nightjar conservation. To effectively create early successional species habitats through plantation harvesting, it is important to consider climate and elevation in the target area.
{"title":"Early successional habitats created through plantation harvesting benefit the Gray Nightjar (Caprimulgus jotaka): An 8-year survey in central Hokkaido, northern Japan","authors":"K. Kawamura, Y. Yamaura, F. Nakamura","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2195038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2195038","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Early successional habitats and their associated species have been decreasing globally. In contrast, plantations have been expanding and their young stages (stand age ≤ 10 years) can serve as early successional habitats. The Gray Nightjar (Caprimulgus jotaka), a nocturnal bird species, breeds and forages in early successional habitats surrounded by forests; its populations have declined since the 1970s in Japan. Because nightjars are more abundant in warmer areas across Hokkaido, northern Japan, habitat creation through plantation harvesting was expected to promote nightjar abundance or occupancy in this region. To explore the effects of plantation harvesting on nightjar occupancy, we conducted an 8-year playback survey in a plantation landscape in central Hokkaido. We considered the effects of elevation as a surrogate for temperature. The results indicated that increasing young forest cover within 500 m of the centroid of each site enhanced nightjar occupancy, whereas elevation negatively affected occupancy. Therefore, at lower elevations, we predict a larger increase in occupancy probability with increasing young forest cover following plantation harvesting. Our results suggest that young forest creation in landscapes can contribute to Gray Nightjar conservation. To effectively create early successional species habitats through plantation harvesting, it is important to consider climate and elevation in the target area.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"289 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46024180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2195217
Atsuko S. Fukamachi, Tomohiro Yoshida, Yoshinobu Hoshino, Naoaki Watanabe
ABSTRACT Deer browsing is a form of selective disturbance that homogenizes plant community composition and structure. In mountainous regions, disturbance intensity, together with topographical factors, affect plant communities. However, studies on the multiple effects of deer browsing and topographical factors on plant communities are limited. Here, we investigated the effects of deer exclusion on understory vegetation across the upper and lower slopes of a temperate deciduous forest in a mountainous area of Japan. We established six pairs of exclosure and control quadrats, with three pairs at each topographical position. We assessed changes in vegetation and plant structure (coverage and height), species composition, numbers of flowering/fruiting species, and damage to the plant species caused by deer browsing between 2009–2016. Vegetation coverage and the number of flowering/fruiting plant species increased in the exclosure quadrats during the study period, indicating that browsing prevents herb-layer species from reaching the flowering and fruiting stages in this site. Moreover, dissimilarity in species composition between the exclosure and control quadrats increased on the upper slope. However, the dissimilarity between upper and lower slopes in the control quadrats tended to decrease. Large herbs, which mainly include forbs and perennial species, were characteristically abundant on the lower slopes and decreased in the control quadrats on the lower slope. Our results indicate that the exclusion of deer had different effects on the understory vegetation of upper and lower slopes, suggesting that deer overbrowsing weakens the correlation between plant functional traits and topographic factors, resulting in homogenized plant communities.
{"title":"Homogenization of understory vegetation by an overabundance of deer (Cervus nippon) in a temperate forest in central Japan","authors":"Atsuko S. Fukamachi, Tomohiro Yoshida, Yoshinobu Hoshino, Naoaki Watanabe","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2195217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2195217","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Deer browsing is a form of selective disturbance that homogenizes plant community composition and structure. In mountainous regions, disturbance intensity, together with topographical factors, affect plant communities. However, studies on the multiple effects of deer browsing and topographical factors on plant communities are limited. Here, we investigated the effects of deer exclusion on understory vegetation across the upper and lower slopes of a temperate deciduous forest in a mountainous area of Japan. We established six pairs of exclosure and control quadrats, with three pairs at each topographical position. We assessed changes in vegetation and plant structure (coverage and height), species composition, numbers of flowering/fruiting species, and damage to the plant species caused by deer browsing between 2009–2016. Vegetation coverage and the number of flowering/fruiting plant species increased in the exclosure quadrats during the study period, indicating that browsing prevents herb-layer species from reaching the flowering and fruiting stages in this site. Moreover, dissimilarity in species composition between the exclosure and control quadrats increased on the upper slope. However, the dissimilarity between upper and lower slopes in the control quadrats tended to decrease. Large herbs, which mainly include forbs and perennial species, were characteristically abundant on the lower slopes and decreased in the control quadrats on the lower slope. Our results indicate that the exclusion of deer had different effects on the understory vegetation of upper and lower slopes, suggesting that deer overbrowsing weakens the correlation between plant functional traits and topographic factors, resulting in homogenized plant communities.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"271 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45171097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2186208
Nanaho Kuwabe, M. Ohashi
ABSTRACT Understanding fine root phenology at the stand scale is crucial for elucidating how carbon and nutrient cycling in forest systems respond to climate change. This study aimed to reveal the spatio-temporal variations in the fine root phenology in a mixed temperate forest in Japan using scanner method. The spatio-temporal variation in the fine root areas was evaluated using two scales: among four plots in the stand and among four partitioned areas in the scanner image. Here, we hypothesized that root phenology would vary on both scales due to the mixture of species-specific phenologies, which means endogenous factors to have a larger impact than exogenous factors such as temperature and precipitation. The timing of the production peak varied among years, though it concentrated within a specific period of the year in all plots. In all plots, active root mortality dynamics were observed in the summer. These results suggested exogenous factors as stronger regulators of fine root production and mortality than endogenous factors. Root phenology within the scanner images is highly heterogeneous, suggesting the significance of broad observation surfaces, such as those acquired using the scanner method, in comprehending the representative phenology of root dynamics at a stand scale. This study revealed that fine root phenology had a synchronized pattern on the stand scale, even though high spatial variation existed in the scale size of the scanner. Differences in root phenology that were influenced by internal factors of the species were masked on the stand scale.
{"title":"Evaluation of spatial and temporal variation in fine root dynamics in a temperate mixed forest using a scanner method","authors":"Nanaho Kuwabe, M. Ohashi","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2186208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2186208","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding fine root phenology at the stand scale is crucial for elucidating how carbon and nutrient cycling in forest systems respond to climate change. This study aimed to reveal the spatio-temporal variations in the fine root phenology in a mixed temperate forest in Japan using scanner method. The spatio-temporal variation in the fine root areas was evaluated using two scales: among four plots in the stand and among four partitioned areas in the scanner image. Here, we hypothesized that root phenology would vary on both scales due to the mixture of species-specific phenologies, which means endogenous factors to have a larger impact than exogenous factors such as temperature and precipitation. The timing of the production peak varied among years, though it concentrated within a specific period of the year in all plots. In all plots, active root mortality dynamics were observed in the summer. These results suggested exogenous factors as stronger regulators of fine root production and mortality than endogenous factors. Root phenology within the scanner images is highly heterogeneous, suggesting the significance of broad observation surfaces, such as those acquired using the scanner method, in comprehending the representative phenology of root dynamics at a stand scale. This study revealed that fine root phenology had a synchronized pattern on the stand scale, even though high spatial variation existed in the scale size of the scanner. Differences in root phenology that were influenced by internal factors of the species were masked on the stand scale.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"186 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46925357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2187682
Ryuichi Takeshige, N. Imai, Ryota Aoyagi, Yoshimi Sawada, R. Ong, K. Kitayama
ABSTRACT Tropical secondary forests are widespread in the anthropogenically modified landscapes. Because tropical secondary forests were known to show a steady rate of above-ground biomass (AGB) recovery, they were expected to play a crucial role in carbon sequestration. However, in a preliminary survey of logged-over forests in Borneo, some patches covered with ferns and vines do not seem to recover steadily despite the fact that several decades have passed since the last logging. The presence and abundance of fern/vine thickets may affect the AGB recovery, but few studies have investigated the effects of the thickets. We established a total of seventeen 20-m radius circular plots in logged-over forests, Sabah, Malaysia, with a varying degree of fern/vine coverage, and tested the hypothesis that the greater fern/vine coverage would retard the AGB recovery. The net AGB accumulation rate from 2014 to 2019 was lower in the forests with a higher fern/vine coverage. Our lower bound of the accumulation rate was much lower than the previously reported rates elsewhere. The number of newly recruited and small-diameter trees was lower, and the mortality of remnant trees was higher with increasing fern/vine coverage. The growth rate of the extant pioneer trees, which are expected to significantly contribute to the initial build-up phase of the secondary succession, was inhibited when ferns and vines covered the canopy. Our study suggests that the secondary succession is arrested and the recoverability of forest stands is lower than formerly predicted when they are covered by thick ferns and vines.
{"title":"Influences of fern and vine coverage on the above-ground biomass recovery in a Bornean logged-over degraded secondary forest","authors":"Ryuichi Takeshige, N. Imai, Ryota Aoyagi, Yoshimi Sawada, R. Ong, K. Kitayama","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2187682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2187682","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tropical secondary forests are widespread in the anthropogenically modified landscapes. Because tropical secondary forests were known to show a steady rate of above-ground biomass (AGB) recovery, they were expected to play a crucial role in carbon sequestration. However, in a preliminary survey of logged-over forests in Borneo, some patches covered with ferns and vines do not seem to recover steadily despite the fact that several decades have passed since the last logging. The presence and abundance of fern/vine thickets may affect the AGB recovery, but few studies have investigated the effects of the thickets. We established a total of seventeen 20-m radius circular plots in logged-over forests, Sabah, Malaysia, with a varying degree of fern/vine coverage, and tested the hypothesis that the greater fern/vine coverage would retard the AGB recovery. The net AGB accumulation rate from 2014 to 2019 was lower in the forests with a higher fern/vine coverage. Our lower bound of the accumulation rate was much lower than the previously reported rates elsewhere. The number of newly recruited and small-diameter trees was lower, and the mortality of remnant trees was higher with increasing fern/vine coverage. The growth rate of the extant pioneer trees, which are expected to significantly contribute to the initial build-up phase of the secondary succession, was inhibited when ferns and vines covered the canopy. Our study suggests that the secondary succession is arrested and the recoverability of forest stands is lower than formerly predicted when they are covered by thick ferns and vines.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"260 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43134749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-05DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2185185
Tin Hnaung Aye, S. Shibata
ABSTRACT This study focused on the extent of land-cover changes and prediction of probable factors in deforestation based on changes observed from 2000 to 2021 in the forest landscape of Banmauk Township in Myanmar’s Sagaing Region. Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery were used to identify seven land-cover classes via supervised random tree classification, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to predict the potential for biophysical and locational factors to affect deforestation. A stratified random sampling method was used to assess the accuracy of the classified maps and to estimate the areas. The study revealed that dense forest coverage decreased from 45.65% in 2000 to 29.01% in 2021, while open forest areas increased from 49.33% to 54.51%. Mining areas exhibited a considerable increase from 0.37% to 5.35%, while settlement and barren/scrub land areas increased from 0.16% to 0.51% and 1.71% to 7.70%, respectively. Agricultural areas slightly increased from 2.11% to 2.33%, while water areas remained almost the same at around 0.60%. Post-classification change detection analysis showed that deforestation occurred mainly through converting forest land to mining and barren/scrub land. The study indicated that lower altitudes and road accessibility are significantly associated with the potential for deforestation.
{"title":"Land-cover changes and deforestation drivers in the forest landscape of Banmauk township in the Sagaing Region of upper Myanmar","authors":"Tin Hnaung Aye, S. Shibata","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2185185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2185185","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study focused on the extent of land-cover changes and prediction of probable factors in deforestation based on changes observed from 2000 to 2021 in the forest landscape of Banmauk Township in Myanmar’s Sagaing Region. Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery were used to identify seven land-cover classes via supervised random tree classification, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to predict the potential for biophysical and locational factors to affect deforestation. A stratified random sampling method was used to assess the accuracy of the classified maps and to estimate the areas. The study revealed that dense forest coverage decreased from 45.65% in 2000 to 29.01% in 2021, while open forest areas increased from 49.33% to 54.51%. Mining areas exhibited a considerable increase from 0.37% to 5.35%, while settlement and barren/scrub land areas increased from 0.16% to 0.51% and 1.71% to 7.70%, respectively. Agricultural areas slightly increased from 2.11% to 2.33%, while water areas remained almost the same at around 0.60%. Post-classification change detection analysis showed that deforestation occurred mainly through converting forest land to mining and barren/scrub land. The study indicated that lower altitudes and road accessibility are significantly associated with the potential for deforestation.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"231 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43066522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2172794
Makoto Takahashi, M. Miura, E. Fukatsu, Y. Hiraoka, M. Kurita
ABSTRACT Breeding of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) started with the selection of first generation plus-trees in the 1950s in Japan. The initial aim of the breeding program was to improve growth performance, and the aim has been extended to tolerance to adverse meteorological conditions, amelioration of wood properties, mitigation of pollinosis, and adaptation to climate change. These changes have arisen in response to shifts in social demands from timber production to management of diverse forest functions over time. Currently, the focus of C. japonica breeding is focusing on the selection and deployment of second-generation plus-tree clones and establishment of breeding populations for the third-generation plus-trees. In this review, these activities and achievements are described, and prospects of the future breeding initiatives, including the feasibility of breeding for climate change, are discussed.
{"title":"Research and project activities for breeding of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don in Japan","authors":"Makoto Takahashi, M. Miura, E. Fukatsu, Y. Hiraoka, M. Kurita","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2172794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2172794","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Breeding of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) started with the selection of first generation plus-trees in the 1950s in Japan. The initial aim of the breeding program was to improve growth performance, and the aim has been extended to tolerance to adverse meteorological conditions, amelioration of wood properties, mitigation of pollinosis, and adaptation to climate change. These changes have arisen in response to shifts in social demands from timber production to management of diverse forest functions over time. Currently, the focus of C. japonica breeding is focusing on the selection and deployment of second-generation plus-tree clones and establishment of breeding populations for the third-generation plus-trees. In this review, these activities and achievements are described, and prospects of the future breeding initiatives, including the feasibility of breeding for climate change, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"83 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46932347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2182252
M. Bartolome, R. Gentallan, K. J. Quiñones, R. Madayag, T. Borromeo, E. B. Timog
ABSTRACT Vitex parviflora A.Juss. is a highly valuable construction timber and ornamental landscape species native in the islands of the Philippines and Timor. Here, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of V. parviflora which yielded a circularized genome 154,024 bp long, and represented by a quadripartite structure consisting of long single-copy (84,848 bp), short single-copy (17,852 bp), and two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,662 bp). In comparison with the other published Vitex plastome sequences, the V. parviflora genome has the smallest number of annotated genes comprising 86 protein-coding, 36 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. Notable are the two tRNA genes having three and four copies, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis is supported with 100% bootstrap value which resulted to V. parviflora grouping closer with V. yunnanensis, a species endemic to China, than with V. quinata which it is difficult to discriminate from using morphological markers. Differences in IR regions and the presence of pseudogenes varied considerably, suggesting that V. parviflora is clearly different from the closely related taxa from the phylogram. These findings will provide a good basis for chloroplast genome assembly of other Vitex species and be useful for resolving problematic taxonomic positions within the genera, as well as provide additional evidence for species delimitation.
{"title":"The complete chloroplast genome of Vitex parviflora A.Juss. (Lamiaceae) and its comparison with Vitex species","authors":"M. Bartolome, R. Gentallan, K. J. Quiñones, R. Madayag, T. Borromeo, E. B. Timog","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2182252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2182252","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vitex parviflora A.Juss. is a highly valuable construction timber and ornamental landscape species native in the islands of the Philippines and Timor. Here, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of V. parviflora which yielded a circularized genome 154,024 bp long, and represented by a quadripartite structure consisting of long single-copy (84,848 bp), short single-copy (17,852 bp), and two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,662 bp). In comparison with the other published Vitex plastome sequences, the V. parviflora genome has the smallest number of annotated genes comprising 86 protein-coding, 36 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. Notable are the two tRNA genes having three and four copies, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis is supported with 100% bootstrap value which resulted to V. parviflora grouping closer with V. yunnanensis, a species endemic to China, than with V. quinata which it is difficult to discriminate from using morphological markers. Differences in IR regions and the presence of pseudogenes varied considerably, suggesting that V. parviflora is clearly different from the closely related taxa from the phylogram. These findings will provide a good basis for chloroplast genome assembly of other Vitex species and be useful for resolving problematic taxonomic positions within the genera, as well as provide additional evidence for species delimitation.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"217 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45554514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2182259
Canh Tran Quoc, Thang Tran Nam, C. Kull, Loi Nguyen Van, Tai Tien Dinh, R. Cochard, R. Shackleton, D. Ngo, Van Nguyen Hai, Pham Thi Phuong Thao
ABSTRACT Vietnam is undergoing a forest transition stage with an overall increase in forest cover since the 1990s; however, deforestation and forest degradation of natural forests still occur in several areas, especially in the Central region of the country. In order to better manage and protect natural forests, predicting deforestation probability and understanding its associated factors are necessary. In the present study, we focused on the two mountainous districts (Nam Dong and A Luoi) in Central Vietnam as a case study. We used Landsat satellite images for identifying changes of natural forests over the period of 1989–2020. The logistic regression model showed a good performance in prediction of deforestation (testing AUC = 0.874) in the study area. Our data showed that deforestation probability of natural forests in the study area in the period of 1989–2020 could be influenced by 11 socio-economic and topographical factors. In particular, forest areas with low elevation, gentle slopes, nearby rivers and residential areas have a high deforestation probability. Production forest, forest areas not included in payment for environmental service (PFES) schemes, forest with no ownership and forest areas managed by private owners may also have a high deforestation probability. The total area of very high level of deforestation probability in A Luoi (8,988 ha) and Nam Dong (5,304 ha) districts occupied about 11.4% of natural forests in the study area. Our study suggests that protection activities should be focused on high deforestation probability-prone forest areas.
{"title":"Factors associated with deforestation probability in Central Vietnam: a case study in Nam Dong and A Luoi districts","authors":"Canh Tran Quoc, Thang Tran Nam, C. Kull, Loi Nguyen Van, Tai Tien Dinh, R. Cochard, R. Shackleton, D. Ngo, Van Nguyen Hai, Pham Thi Phuong Thao","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2182259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2182259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vietnam is undergoing a forest transition stage with an overall increase in forest cover since the 1990s; however, deforestation and forest degradation of natural forests still occur in several areas, especially in the Central region of the country. In order to better manage and protect natural forests, predicting deforestation probability and understanding its associated factors are necessary. In the present study, we focused on the two mountainous districts (Nam Dong and A Luoi) in Central Vietnam as a case study. We used Landsat satellite images for identifying changes of natural forests over the period of 1989–2020. The logistic regression model showed a good performance in prediction of deforestation (testing AUC = 0.874) in the study area. Our data showed that deforestation probability of natural forests in the study area in the period of 1989–2020 could be influenced by 11 socio-economic and topographical factors. In particular, forest areas with low elevation, gentle slopes, nearby rivers and residential areas have a high deforestation probability. Production forest, forest areas not included in payment for environmental service (PFES) schemes, forest with no ownership and forest areas managed by private owners may also have a high deforestation probability. The total area of very high level of deforestation probability in A Luoi (8,988 ha) and Nam Dong (5,304 ha) districts occupied about 11.4% of natural forests in the study area. Our study suggests that protection activities should be focused on high deforestation probability-prone forest areas.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"159 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49309593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-29DOI: 10.1080/13416979.2023.2169981
Sanae Yanagawa, K. Fukuzawa, K. Takagi, H. Shibata, F. Satoh
ABSTRACT Fine root biomass (FRB) and production (FRP) are crucial in forest carbon and nutrient cycling, but the factors controlling FRB and FRP are not well understood. Here, we examined FRB, FRP, aboveground environmental and stand factors, and soil environmental factors in four stands in a forest covered with dense understory vegetation of dwarf bamboo, Sasa senanensis (hereafter, Sasa). The four stands had different tree species composition and included a primary forest (PF), secondary forest (SF), conifer plantation (CP), and Sasa area (SA). We quantified the FRB and FRP of trees and Sasa separately using the ingrowth core method. Total FRP was higher in stands with substantial presence of Sasa (99–130 g m−2 yr−1) than in CP with scarce Sasa (69 g m−2 yr−1). Despite being occupied by Sasa alone, SA had high FRP, suggesting that the presence of Sasa regardless of trees is a key determinant of ecosystem FRP. Tree FRB increased with increasing tree aboveground biomass, tree density, or basal area at breast height, but Sasa FRB and total FRB decreased. Total FRP was also lower at higher values of these aboveground stand factors. In Sasa, specific root length was significantly higher, and root tissue density was significantly lower, than in trees, indicating the capacity of Sasa for explosive growth. Positive correlations between Sasa FRB or FRP and soil inorganic N or ammonium contents (i.e. N availability) were detected. We conclude that Sasa is important in determining FRB and FRP in this northern forest with understory vegetation.
细根生物量(FRB)和产量(FRP)在森林碳和养分循环中起着至关重要的作用，但控制FRB和FRP的因素尚不清楚。本文研究了矮竹(Sasa senanensis，以下简称Sasa)林下植被茂密的森林中4个林分的FRB、FRP、地上环境因子和林分土壤环境因子。4个林分的树种组成不同，包括原生林(PF)、次生林(SF)、针叶林(CP)和莎草区(SA)。我们采用长生体核心法分别量化了树木和莎莎的FRB和FRP。在大量存在莎莎的林分(99-130 g m−2年−1年)，总FRP高于缺乏莎莎的林分(69 g m−2年−1年)。尽管只有莎莎占据，但莎莎的FRP值很高，这表明莎莎的存在与树木无关，是生态系统FRP的关键决定因素。随着树的地上生物量、树密度和胸高基面积的增加，树木速冻速度增加，但树梢速冻速度和总速冻速度降低。这些地上林分因子值越高，总FRP值越低。沙草的比根长度显著高于乔木，根组织密度显著低于乔木，表明沙草具有爆发式生长的能力。Sasa FRB或FRP与土壤无机氮或铵含量(即氮有效性)呈正相关。我们认为Sasa在确定该北部林下植被的FRB和FRP方面具有重要意义。
{"title":"Presence of understory dwarf bamboo determines ecosystem fine root production in a cool-temperate forest in northern Japan","authors":"Sanae Yanagawa, K. Fukuzawa, K. Takagi, H. Shibata, F. Satoh","doi":"10.1080/13416979.2023.2169981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2023.2169981","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fine root biomass (FRB) and production (FRP) are crucial in forest carbon and nutrient cycling, but the factors controlling FRB and FRP are not well understood. Here, we examined FRB, FRP, aboveground environmental and stand factors, and soil environmental factors in four stands in a forest covered with dense understory vegetation of dwarf bamboo, Sasa senanensis (hereafter, Sasa). The four stands had different tree species composition and included a primary forest (PF), secondary forest (SF), conifer plantation (CP), and Sasa area (SA). We quantified the FRB and FRP of trees and Sasa separately using the ingrowth core method. Total FRP was higher in stands with substantial presence of Sasa (99–130 g m−2 yr−1) than in CP with scarce Sasa (69 g m−2 yr−1). Despite being occupied by Sasa alone, SA had high FRP, suggesting that the presence of Sasa regardless of trees is a key determinant of ecosystem FRP. Tree FRB increased with increasing tree aboveground biomass, tree density, or basal area at breast height, but Sasa FRB and total FRB decreased. Total FRP was also lower at higher values of these aboveground stand factors. In Sasa, specific root length was significantly higher, and root tissue density was significantly lower, than in trees, indicating the capacity of Sasa for explosive growth. Positive correlations between Sasa FRB or FRP and soil inorganic N or ammonium contents (i.e. N availability) were detected. We conclude that Sasa is important in determining FRB and FRP in this northern forest with understory vegetation.","PeriodicalId":15839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forest Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"177 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42552711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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