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Rapid Visual Detection of Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1) by RPA Combined With LFS RPA联合LFS快速检测十足虫彩虹病毒1型(DIV1)
IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.70052
Quanling Mu, Cunbao Ding, Ying Xie, Xi Zhen, Xianrui Wang, Tongaobo Qi, Jiaming Zhang, Yakun Yu

Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) causes severe disease outbreaks in shrimp and crab culture areas. A simple, rapid, and visual DIV1 assay is important for the control of viral diseases. This study presented a novel DIV1 detection method that combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and lateral flow strip (LFS). After selecting primers and probes, we optimised the concentration of the reverse primers, reaction time, as well as reaction temperature of RPA-LFS detection. RPA can amplify the target gene within 18 min at a constant temperature of 38°C, and LFS can observe the amplification results within 3 min. Importantly, there is no cross-reactivity with other infectable shrimp viruses and pathogens, such as WSSV, IHHNV, TSV, EHP, CMNV, YHV, MrNV samples, as well as VpAHPND. In addition, RPA-LFS has high detection sensitivity, with a lower detection limit of 1.12 × 101 copies/μL. Using 110 field samples, the results of qPCR recommended by WOAH (OIE) and RPA-LFS were identical, indicating that RPA-LFS is as reliable as qPCR. The RPA-LFS assay is a valuable tool for the rapid and accurate detection of DIV1.

十足类虹彩病毒1 (DIV1)在虾蟹养殖区引起严重的疾病暴发。一种简单、快速、直观的DIV1检测方法对病毒性疾病的控制具有重要意义。本研究提出了一种结合重组酶聚合酶扩增(RPA)和横向流动条带(LFS)检测DIV1的新方法。在选择引物和探针后,对RPA-LFS检测的反引物浓度、反应时间和反应温度进行优化。在38℃恒温条件下,RPA可在18 min内扩增目的基因,LFS可在3 min内观察扩增结果。重要的是,与WSSV、IHHNV、TSV、EHP、CMNV、YHV、MrNV样品以及VpAHPND等其他传染性虾病毒和病原体无交叉反应性。RPA-LFS具有较高的检测灵敏度,检测限为1.12 × 101拷贝/μL。在110份野外样品中,WOAH (OIE)推荐的qPCR结果与RPA-LFS结果一致,表明RPA-LFS与qPCR一样可靠。RPA-LFS是快速、准确检测DIV1的一种有价值的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Can Be Transmitted Through Cohabitation From Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) to Atlantic Cod, Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippiglossus) and Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) 传染性胰腺坏死病毒可通过同居从大西洋鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)传播到大西洋鳕鱼、大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)、大西洋大比目鱼(Hippoglossus hippiglossus)和肿块鱼(Cyclopterus lumpus)。
IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.70042
Simon Chioma Weli, Mona Gjessing, Sonal Patel, Anne Berit Olsen, Nina Sandlund

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) can cause devastating disease in Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar). IPNV has a broad host range and may threaten other aquaculture species. Understanding interspecies transmission of IPNV is crucial for protecting the aquaculture industry. With the expansion of fish farming (in Norway), it is important to assess whether a pathogen can transmit from one fish species to another and cause disease. We investigated whether IPNV-infected Atlantic cod can shed IPNV, leading to infection in other fish important to Norwegian aquaculture: halibut, salmon and lumpfish, using the cohabitation experimental trial method. Virus shedding, transmission, fish mortality and pathology were assessed. We documented virus shedding in water and mortality in IPNV-injected Atlantic cod. No mortality was observed in the cohabitated fish species during the experimental period. We confirmed lesions consistent with IPN by histopathology and immunohistochemistry in IPNV-injected Atlantic cod and in IPNV-PCR positive cohabitant Atlantic halibut. Cohabitant Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon, Atlantic halibut and lumpfish were also found positive for IPNV by PCR, suggesting that IPNV-infected Atlantic cod can transfer infection to other farmed fish species. These findings highlight the potential risk of pathogen spread among farmed fish species and demonstrate the importance of understanding infectious fish disease epidemiology.

传染性胰腺坏死病毒(IPNV)可导致大西洋鲑鱼(鲑鱼)的毁灭性疾病。IPNV寄主范围广,可能威胁其他水产养殖物种。了解IPNV的种间传播对保护水产养殖业至关重要。随着养鱼业的扩大(在挪威),评估病原体是否能从一种鱼类传播到另一种鱼类并引起疾病是很重要的。采用同居试验方法,研究了感染IPNV的大西洋鳕鱼是否会传播IPNV,从而导致对挪威水产养殖重要的其他鱼类(大比目鱼、鲑鱼和块鱼)感染IPNV。对病毒脱落、传播、鱼的死亡率和病理学进行了评估。我们记录了病毒在水中的脱落和注射ipnv的大西洋鳕鱼的死亡率。在实验期间,未观察到同居鱼类的死亡。我们在注射ipnv的大西洋鳕鱼和IPNV-PCR阳性的大西洋同居大比目鱼中通过组织病理学和免疫组化证实了与IPN一致的病变。经PCR检测,大西洋鳕鱼、大西洋鲑鱼、大西洋大比目鱼和大比目鱼均呈IPNV阳性,表明感染IPNV的大西洋鳕鱼可将感染转移到其他养殖鱼类。这些发现强调了病原体在养殖鱼类中传播的潜在风险,并证明了了解传染性鱼类疾病流行病学的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Transboundary Myxobolus koi Parasitic Disease Affecting Koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) Imported Into Thailand 影响进口泰国锦鲤(鲤)的跨界锦鲤粘虫寄生虫病。
IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.70053
Manami Morishita, Nopadon Pirarat, Jee Eun Han, Pimwarang Sukkarun, Patharapol Piamsomboon

This study reports the first confirmed case of Myxobolus koi parasitic infection in koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) imported into Thailand. Infected fish exhibit clinical signs during the quarantine process, including lethargy, tachypnea, flared gill opercula and excessive mucus production in the gills. The gross pathological findings included swollen and pale gills interspersed with white nodules. Microscopic examination of gill biopsies revealed mucus clumps and numerous pyriform myxospores, with no evidence of other parasites. Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of Myxobolus spp. DNA through PCR amplification targeting the 18S SSU rRNA. Phylogenetic analysis of 776 bp sequences from our representative isolates (CU01, CU02 and CU03) revealed 100% nucleotide identity with M. koi sequences from goldfish in China (OM757920) and koi in the USA (FJ841887), which formed a distinct clade with strong bootstrap support. Haematological parameters were compared between infected and healthy fish from the same batch, revealing significantly elevated levels of creatine and ALT (p < 0.05) in the infected group. Histopathological examination revealed severe gill damage, with plasmodia infiltrating and disrupting the lamellar architecture. The well-delineated pink fibrous septa encapsulated mature myxospores and pansporoblasts. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the M. koi spores, measuring 5.2 × 2.92 μm, were oval, elongated and pyriform, with coiled polar filaments enclosed within two polar capsules. These findings document the occurrence of M. koi in Thailand, underscore its transboundary transmission via international trade and highlight the need for enhanced biosecurity measures to mitigate the spread of aquatic pathogens.

本研究报告了首例进口泰国锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio koi)感染粘虫病的确诊病例。受感染的鱼在检疫过程中表现出嗜睡、呼吸急促、鳃盖张开和鳃粘液分泌过多等临床症状。大体病理表现为鱼鳃肿胀、苍白并伴有白色结节。鳃活检显微镜检查显示粘液团块和大量梨形黏液孢子,未发现其他寄生虫的证据。分子分析证实了Myxobolus spp. DNA的存在,通过PCR扩增靶向18S SSU rRNA。对代表性分离株(CU01、CU02和CU03)的776 bp序列进行系统发育分析,发现与中国金鱼(OM757920)和美国锦鲤(FJ841887)的M. koi序列核苷酸同源性100%,形成了一个具有较强bootstrap支持的独立进化支。将同一批次的感染鱼和健康鱼的血液学参数进行比较,发现肌酸和ALT水平显著升高(p
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引用次数: 0
Computer Vision Detects an Association Between Gross Gill Score and Ventilation Rates in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) 计算机视觉检测养殖大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)的总鳃评分和通气率之间的关系。
IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.70055
Quynh Le Khanh Vo, Kylie A. Pitt, Colin Johnston, Blair Kennedy, Lukas Folkman

Poor gill health compromises the health and welfare of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by causing respiratory distress and increased ventilation frequency. Poor gill health is caused by numerous factors, including amoebic gill disease (AGD), jellyfish stings, and toxic algae, and is monitored by fish farmers by manual ‘gill scoring’. Gill scoring involves visual inspection of gill surfaces for visible lesions, such as white mucoid patches. In commercial salmon farming, these patches are commonly associated with AGD, a major cause of poor gill health. Manual monitoring of gills is labour-intensive, costly, and stressful for fish. This study tested a non-invasive computer vision approach to detect the association between the gross gill score and fish ventilation rates in commercial farms. We hypothesised that increased ventilation rates of farmed Atlantic salmon were associated with a higher gross gill score. The computer vision model first detected fish heads and classified their mouth states (open or closed) using a convolutional neural network, followed by a tracking-by-detection method to estimate ventilation rates by calculating the frequency with which fish opened and closed their mouths. Ventilation rates were estimated from 240 videos recorded at Tasmanian salmon farms and analysed alongside gross gill score, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and fish weight. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a positive association between ventilation rates and gross gill score, although the observed change in ventilation rates was relatively small. As laboratory diagnostic methods did not confirm AGD in this study, the gross gill scores should be interpreted primarily as indicators of gill health, acknowledging that they may also reflect signs consistent with AGD. While the tested computer vision method cannot serve as a diagnostic tool, it may assist the industry in identifying health and welfare issues that require further examination. This approach provides a non-invasive way to oversee health and welfare, enhances management practices, and guides manual health assessments.

鳃健康状况不佳会导致呼吸窘迫和换气频率增加,从而损害养殖大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)的健康和福利。鳃健康状况不佳是由多种因素造成的,包括阿米巴鳃病(AGD)、水母蜇伤和有毒藻类,养鱼户通过人工“鳃评分”来监测。鳃评分包括目视检查鳃表面的可见病变,如白色粘液斑块。在商业鲑鱼养殖中,这些斑块通常与AGD有关,这是导致鳃健康状况不佳的主要原因。对鱼类来说,人工监测鳃是一项劳动密集型的工作,成本高昂,而且压力很大。本研究测试了一种非侵入性计算机视觉方法,以检测商业养殖场中总鳃评分和鱼类通气率之间的关系。我们假设养殖大西洋鲑鱼通气率的增加与较高的总鳃评分有关。计算机视觉模型首先检测鱼头,并使用卷积神经网络对它们的嘴巴状态(张开或闭上)进行分类,然后使用检测跟踪方法通过计算鱼张开和闭上嘴巴的频率来估计通风率。通过在塔斯马尼亚鲑鱼养殖场录制的240个视频估计了通风率,并与鳃总评分、水温、溶解氧和鱼的重量一起进行了分析。多元线性回归分析显示通气率与总鳃评分呈正相关,尽管观察到通气率的变化相对较小。由于本研究中实验室诊断方法未证实AGD,因此鳃总评分应主要被解释为鳃健康状况的指标,承认它们也可能反映与AGD一致的体征。虽然经过测试的计算机视觉方法不能作为诊断工具,但它可以帮助工业界确定需要进一步检查的健康和福利问题。这种方法提供了一种非侵入性的方式来监督健康和福利,增强管理实践,并指导手动健康评估。
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引用次数: 0
Trouble in the Tank: A Case Report of Fatal Scuticociliate Encephalitis in a Whitetip Reef Shark (Triaenodon obesus) 水族箱中的麻烦:白鳍鲨(Triaenodon obesus)致死性囊尾蚴脑炎一例报告。
IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.70046
Hella Schwegler, Jeff Schreiner, Maria Prüllage, Karoline Lipnik, Astrid S. Holzer, Eva Lewisch

This case report presents a recent case of scuticociliatosis in a whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus), housed at a zoo (Haus des Meeres Aqua Terra Zoo, Vienna, Austria). Clinical signs such as uncoordinated swimming and body tilt were observed prior to death. Postmortem examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed significant brain lesions consistent with granulomatous or necrotising encephalitis. Histopathology and molecular diagnostics confirmed the presence of the scuticociliate Miamiensis avidus and/or Philasterides dicentrarchi in the brain, with extensive tissue invasion. This case underscores the pathogenicity of scuticociliates in elasmobranchs, highlighting the need for effective management practices in aquaria to prevent or mitigate such infections. In this study, we present the first documented infection with scuticociliates in the whitetip reef shark.

本病例报告介绍了最近在动物园(Haus des Meeres Aqua Terra动物园,奥地利维也纳)饲养的白鳍鲨(Triaenodon obesus)中发生的一种棘毛癣病。死亡前观察到不协调游泳和身体倾斜等临床症状。死后检查和磁共振成像(MRI)显示明显的脑部病变与肉芽肿性或坏死性脑炎一致。组织病理学和分子诊断学证实,脑内存在大面积组织浸润的迈阿密褐毛虫和/或费城褐毛虫。这一病例强调了板鳃动物的巩膜纤毛虫的致病性,强调了在水族馆采取有效管理措施以预防或减轻此类感染的必要性。在这项研究中,我们提出了第一个记录感染白鳍鲨的肩胛骨。
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引用次数: 0
Planktonic and Sessile Piscirickettsia salmonis Disrupts Morpho-Functional Parameters in Rainbow Trout Intestinal Epithelial RTGutGC Cells 浮游和无柄piscirickettssia鲑科菌破坏虹鳟鱼肠上皮RTGutGC细胞的形态功能参数。
IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.70049
Diego Cárcamo, Raibel Suárez, Natacha Santibáñez, Carla Escalona, Tatiana Pérez, Matías Vega, Ricardo Enríquez, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Cristian Oliver, Alex Romero

Piscirickettsiosis is a systemic infectious disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, a Gram-negative, biofilm-forming bacterium capable of infecting the main salmonid species farmed in Chile. The initial stages of P. salmonis infection occur in the mucous membranes of the skin, gills, and intestine before spreading systemically. At the intestinal level, several pathogenic bacteria can disrupt the functionality of the epithelial barrier as an infection mechanism, associated with alterations in the expression of immune genes and intercellular junctions. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro the effect of P. salmonis infection in both sessile and planktonic conditions on the morpho functionality of the intestinal epithelial cell line RTgutGC of rainbow trout. Thus, the effect of P. salmonis infection on immune gene expression and intercellular junctions was evaluated using RT-qPCR, intercellular junction protein levels via Western blot, transepithelial resistance (TEER) modulation, cytotoxicity, and ZO-1 localization through immunofluorescence. The results indicate that P. salmonis LF-89 and EM-90 in both sessile and planktonic conditions significantly modulate the expression of il-8, il-1β, tgf-β, and zo-1, claudin-3, and E-cadherin. Interestingly, alterations in the levels of Claudin-3 and E-cadherin, associated with the altered immunolocalization of ZO-1 after the infection with P. salmonis, were detected. Importantly, an increase in bacterial translocation associated with a decrease in the TEER value, from the first 12 h post-infection, was measured. These findings suggest that P. salmonis modulates the expression of genes and proteins related to intercellular junctions, modifying the epithelial morpho-functionality, which could allow bacterial translocation in the early stages of infection.

鱼立克氏体病是由鲑属鱼立克氏体引起的一种全体性传染病。鲑立克氏体是一种革兰氏阴性的生物膜形成细菌,能够感染智利养殖的主要鲑属鱼。沙门氏菌感染的最初阶段发生在皮肤、鳃和肠道的粘膜,然后全身扩散。在肠道水平,一些致病菌可以破坏上皮屏障的功能,作为一种感染机制,与免疫基因表达和细胞间连接的改变有关。本研究的目的是在体外确定在固定式和浮游条件下沙门氏菌感染对虹鳟鱼肠上皮细胞系RTgutGC形态功能的影响。因此,采用RT-qPCR、Western blot检测细胞间连接蛋白水平、经上皮耐药(TEER)调节、细胞毒性和免疫荧光检测ZO-1定位等方法评估沙门氏菌感染对免疫基因表达和细胞间连接的影响。结果表明,在无根和浮游条件下,沙门氏菌LF-89和EM-90均能显著调节il-8、il-1β、tgf-β和zo-1、cladin -3和E-cadherin的表达。有趣的是,检测到与沙门氏菌感染后ZO-1免疫定位改变相关的cladin -3和E-cadherin水平的改变。重要的是,从感染后的第一个12小时开始,测量了细菌易位的增加与TEER值的降低相关。这些发现表明,沙门氏菌调节与细胞间连接相关的基因和蛋白质的表达,改变上皮形态功能,这可能允许细菌在感染的早期阶段易位。
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引用次数: 0
First Case of Nocardia seriolae Infection in China Cultured Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) 中国养殖槽形鲶鱼感染诺卡菌首例。
IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.70044
Mingqi Ai, Keyu Zhou, Qibin Jiang, Kun Peng, Yilin Wang, Yiteng Luo, Ping Ouyang, Defang Chen, Xiaoli Huang, Yi Geng

Nocardia seriolae is a causative agent for fish skin ulcers and sarcoidosis, resulting in significant losses in both brackish and freshwater fish farming industries. From October to November 2023, channel catfishes (Ictalurus punctatus) cultured in Xiaowan reservoir at Dali city, Yunnan province in China, showed gross pathological changes with skin ulcers, white nodules in the liver and heart, histopathological tests revealed the typical granulomas and chronic hepatitis changes in the liver, and the clumps of filamentous bacteria in the heart and spleen. A Gram-positive acid-fast bacterium (CCF_NS01) was isolated from viscera (liver, spleen and kidney); biochemical tests and 16sRNA-GyrB gene concatenated sequences analysis of this isolated microorganism identified it as N. seriolae. Drug sensitivity testing indicated susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics such as co-trimoxazole, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, amikacin and rifampicin. In isolated CCF_NS01, multiple pathogenic factors corresponding to encoding genes were detected, including espG, mftF, pcaA, fadD32, pks13, narJ, feoB, sodA, katG and mceF. 100% mortality with 1 × 108, 1 × 107 and 1 × 106 cfu/mL in a 35-d challenge test period was observed, and the intraperitoneal injection median lethal dose (LD50) was 1.89 × 104 cfu/mL. This is the first isolation report of N. seriolae infection from cultured channel catfish, aiming to warn against the continuous host-range expansion of this pathogen, which is threatening the inland aquaculture industry.

严重诺卡菌是鱼类皮肤溃疡和结节病的病原体,在咸淡鱼和淡水鱼养殖业造成重大损失。2023年10月至11月,在云南省大理市小湾水库养殖的槽鲶(Ictalurus punctatus)大体病理改变为皮肤溃疡,肝脏和心脏出现白色结节,组织病理学检查显示肝脏出现典型肉芽肿和慢性肝炎改变,心脏和脾脏出现丝状细菌团块。从脏器(肝、脾、肾)中分离到革兰氏阳性抗酸菌CCF_NS01;生化试验和16sRNA-GyrB基因序列分析鉴定该分离微生物为梭状芽孢杆菌。药敏试验显示对常用抗生素如复方新诺明、强力霉素、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、阿米卡星和利福平敏感。在CCF_NS01分离株中,检测到与编码基因对应的多种致病因子,包括espG、mftF、pcaA、fadD32、pks13、narJ、feoB、sodA、katG和mceF。1 × 108、1 × 107和1 × 106 cfu/mL攻毒期35 d死亡率为100%,腹腔注射致死中位剂量(LD50)为1.89 × 104 cfu/mL。这是首次从养殖渠道鲶鱼中分离出梭状奈瑟菌感染的报道,旨在警告该病原体的宿主范围不断扩大,威胁着内陆水产养殖业。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Freshwater on Caligus rogercresseyi Juveniles 淡水对大菱鲆幼鱼的效果。
IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.70045
Jorge Mancilla-Schulz, Daniel Vivar, Jaime Santana, Ananías Peralta, Fernando Schulze, Marlen Espinoza, Margarita P. González-Gómez

Freshwater is a non-pharmaceutical tool used for the control of Caligus infestation with a proven effect on adult and larval stages. However, the minimum exposure time to achieve a greater effect (100%) on juvenile stages has not been determined through in vivo tests. Therefore, it is important to determine these minimum times on C. rogercresseyi chalimus, considering that freshwater baths should be performed with a wellboat to achieve the greatest effect. A study was thus formulated that allowed us to evaluate the effect of applying freshwater treatment on C. rogercresseyi juveniles at different exposure times through in vivo tests on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The results indicated that a treatment of more than 2.5 h with freshwater induces a greater effect (100%) and mortality (~95%) on juvenile stages, at least at chalimus III-IV. Juvenile stages are a critical point in population dynamics and control of the parasite, since those that survive treatment increase the possibility of augments in parasitic loads in the short term, and cause loss of sensitivity. Based on these results, freshwater treatment exposure time should exceed 2.5 h in order to ensure effectiveness on parasite stages and, therefore, to avoid development of resistance to freshwater and prolong the useful life of this non-pharmaceutical tool.

淡水是一种非药物工具,用于控制卡利斯侵染,已证实对成虫和幼虫阶段都有效果。然而,在幼年期达到更大效果(100%)的最短暴露时间尚未通过体内试验确定。因此,考虑到淡水浴应该在井船上进行,以达到最大的效果,确定C. rogercresseyi chalimus的这些最小时间是很重要的。因此,制定了一项研究,使我们能够通过对大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)的体内试验,评估在不同暴露时间对C. rogercresseyi幼鱼进行淡水处理的效果。结果表明,淡水处理2.5 h以上,对幼鱼期的效果(100%)和死亡率(~95%)更高,至少在III-IV期。幼虫阶段是种群动态和寄生虫控制的关键点,因为那些在处理中存活下来的幼虫在短期内增加寄生负荷的可能性,并导致敏感性的丧失。根据这些结果,淡水处理暴露时间应超过2.5小时,以确保对寄生虫阶段有效,从而避免对淡水产生耐药性,并延长这种非药物工具的使用寿命。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiological Insights Into Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus: Detection, Distribution and Persistence in Chilean Salmon Farms 传染性胰腺坏死病毒的流行病学见解:智利鲑鱼养殖场的检测、分布和持久性。
IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.70047
Yoanna Eissler, David Tapia, Cristian B. Canales-Aguirre, José Manuel Yáñez

This study presents a comprehensive molecular and epidemiological characterisation of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in Chilean salmon aquaculture. Between 2015 and 2016, 26 sampling events were conducted in freshwater and seawater farms spanning a broad latitudinal gradient (30.3° S to 52.6° S). Three diagnostic methods were used: Quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (qRT-PCR) (targeting VP1 and VP2 protein coding genes), nested PCR and virus isolation in CHSE-214 cells. In addition, a 523-bp VP2 gene fragment was sequenced directly from samples. These approaches were employed to assess detection sensitivity and to explore IPNV genogroup distribution and persistence. Nested PCR and viral isolation detected IPNV in 50 of 53 samples, outperforming qRT-PCR, which detected only 39. Phylogenetic analysis of the 523-bp VP2 gene fragment classified the isolates into two genogroups—5 (Salmo salar) and 1 (Oncorhynchus spp.), confirming host-specific associations. Identical or near-identical sequences were identified in geographically distant farms and temporally spaced samples, suggesting persistent isolates and potential long-distance spread, likely via egg transfers or fish movement. The most severe mortality event (> 125,000 fish) occurred during a genogroup 1 outbreak (Isla del Rey, GMTS, O. kisutch), followed by genogroup 5 outbreaks documented in Molco Alto (PMLC, S. salar) and Chayahue (S. salar). Although less frequently detected, genogroup 1 was associated with higher virulence, particularly in coho salmon. These findings highlight the need of integrated diagnostic strategies, genogroup-specific monitoring and strengthened biosecurity to mitigate the impact of IPNV in Chilean salmon farming.

本研究提出了智利鲑鱼养殖中感染性胰腺坏死病毒(IPNV)的综合分子和流行病学特征。2015年至2016年期间,在宽纬度梯度(30.3°S至52.6°S)的淡水和海水养殖场进行了26次采样。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)(针对VP1和VP2蛋白编码基因)、巢式PCR和病毒分离三种诊断方法对CHSE-214细胞进行检测。此外,直接从样本中测序了一个523 bp的VP2基因片段。这些方法用于评估检测灵敏度和探索IPNV基因群分布和持久性。巢式PCR和病毒分离在53份样本中检测到50份IPNV,优于qRT-PCR,后者仅检测到39份。523 bp VP2基因片段的系统发育分析将分离物分为两个基因群-5 (Salmo salar)和1 (Oncorhynchus spp.),证实了宿主特异性关联。在地理位置遥远的农场和时间间隔的样本中发现了相同或接近相同的序列,表明持续分离和潜在的长距离传播,可能通过卵子转移或鱼类运动。最严重的死亡事件(125,000条鱼)发生在基因1组暴发期间(Isla del Rey, GMTS, O. kisutch),其次是Molco Alto (PMLC, S. salar)和Chayahue (S. salar)记录的基因5组暴发。虽然不常被发现,但基因组1与较高的毒力有关,特别是在银鲑中。这些发现突出表明,需要采取综合诊断策略、针对基因组的监测和加强生物安全,以减轻IPNV对智利鲑鱼养殖的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the Past: A Retrospective Detection of Lactococcus petauri in Farmed European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the Tyrrhenian Sea 揭开过去:第勒尼安海养殖欧洲鲈(Dicentrarchus labrax)中petauri乳球菌的回顾性检测。
IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.70048
Giuseppe Esposito, Silvia Colussi, Giorgia Bignami, Marialetizia Fioravanti, Paolo Pastorino, Fabio Bondavalli, Marino Prearo, Andrea Gustinelli

Lactococcus petauri is an emerging bacterial pathogen associated with disease outbreaks in freshwater and marine fish species worldwide. While it has been increasingly reported in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, no official records of L. petauri have yet been made in Italy for saltwater species. This study reports, for the first time, the presence of L. petauri in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) farmed in land-based tanks along the south-western coast of Italy, based on a retrospective analysis of previously isolated strains. Although only a single isolate was positive, the finding is of notable significance as it originated from a sample collected in 2012. This temporal aspect highlights the likelihood that L. petauri has been circulating in Italian aquaculture systems for at least a decade. The isolate also exhibited a broad antimicrobial resistance profile, including resistance to amoxicillin, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The historical misidentification of L. petauri is linked to its clinical similarity with Lactococcus garvieae. This highlights the value of re-analysing archived strains with modern tools and underlines the need for accurate diagnostics in aquaculture. The detection in D. labrax extends the known host range and suggests a longer, undetected presence in the Mediterranean.

petauri乳球菌是一种新兴的细菌病原体,与世界范围内淡水和海洋鱼类疾病暴发有关。虽然在地中海沿岸的国家有越来越多的报道,但在意大利还没有关于咸水物种的正式记录。本研究基于对先前分离菌株的回顾性分析,首次报道了在意大利西南海岸陆基池中养殖的欧洲鲈鱼(Dicentrarchus labrax)中存在L. petauri。虽然只有一株分离物呈阳性,但这一发现具有重要意义,因为它来自2012年收集的样本。这一时间性方面突出表明,小波氏乳杆菌在意大利水产养殖系统中流传了至少十年的可能性。该分离物还显示出广泛的抗微生物药物耐药性,包括对阿莫西林、氟喹诺酮类药物和甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑的耐药性。历史上对牛乳杆菌的误认与它与garvieae乳球菌的临床相似性有关。这突出了用现代工具重新分析存档菌株的价值,并强调了在水产养殖中进行准确诊断的必要性。在拉布拉克斯疟原虫中的发现扩大了已知宿主的范围,并表明在地中海存在的时间更长,但未被发现。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of fish diseases
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