Juana A. Ibacache, Mario Espinoza, Paz Basualto-Díaz, Victoria Pinto, Brenda Modak, Paula Zapata, Beatriz Valenzuela
Among the most important aquaculture resources for our country, salmon and trout stand out. Their production has increased significantly in recent decades, making them two of the most valuable resources in economic terms. However, high aquaculture production has allowed many pathogens to proliferate, causing infectious diseases and significant production losses. Piscirickettsia salmonis is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that is responsible for causing severe disease in a variety of salmonid fish species. Despite the significant impact of P. salmonis on aquaculture, effective treatments for this disease remain limited. Current prevention and control strategies often include antibiotics and vaccines. However, these treatments have shown varying degrees of efficacy. A promising approach involves synthesizing bioactive analog compounds with antibacterial properties. Quinones, secondary metabolites that are abundant in nature, have become a focal point of interest due to their diverse physiological activities, including antibiotic, insecticidal, antifungal, and anticancer properties. In this study, it is shown the synthesis of series 6-bromo-7-arylaminoisoquinoline-5,8-quinones, the characterization of these compounds using classical spectroscopic methods such as one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), FT-IR (infrared), mass spectrometry, and the biological activity against Piscirickettsia salmonis. The brominated derivative compounds showed no cytotoxicity at any concentration evaluated. Furthermore, the infectivity of P. salmonis after treatment with the analog compounds indicated that derivatives methyl 6-bromo-7-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-1,3-dimethy-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate (4b) and methyl 7-((4′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-6-bromo-1,3-dimethy-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate (4g) reduced the bacterial load at 25 μg/mL concentration.
{"title":"Synthesis of 6-bromo-7-arylaminoisoquinoline-5,8-quinones and its effects on Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in vitro","authors":"Juana A. Ibacache, Mario Espinoza, Paz Basualto-Díaz, Victoria Pinto, Brenda Modak, Paula Zapata, Beatriz Valenzuela","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among the most important aquaculture resources for our country, salmon and trout stand out. Their production has increased significantly in recent decades, making them two of the most valuable resources in economic terms. However, high aquaculture production has allowed many pathogens to proliferate, causing infectious diseases and significant production losses. <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that is responsible for causing severe disease in a variety of salmonid fish species. Despite the significant impact of <i>P. salmonis</i> on aquaculture, effective treatments for this disease remain limited. Current prevention and control strategies often include antibiotics and vaccines. However, these treatments have shown varying degrees of efficacy. A promising approach involves synthesizing bioactive analog compounds with antibacterial properties. Quinones, secondary metabolites that are abundant in nature, have become a focal point of interest due to their diverse physiological activities, including antibiotic, insecticidal, antifungal, and anticancer properties. In this study, it is shown the synthesis of series 6-bromo-7-arylaminoisoquinoline-5,8-quinones, the characterization of these compounds using classical spectroscopic methods such as one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), FT-IR (infrared), mass spectrometry, and the biological activity against <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis.</i> The brominated derivative compounds showed no cytotoxicity at any concentration evaluated. Furthermore, the infectivity of <i>P. salmonis</i> after treatment with the analog compounds indicated that derivatives methyl 6-bromo-7-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-1,3-dimethy-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate (<b>4b</b>) and methyl 7-((4′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-6-bromo-1,3-dimethy-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate (<b>4g</b>) reduced the bacterial load at 25 μg/mL concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"47 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability to impact the immune response of the host has been recognized as essential for the success of a virus during infection. A few groups of viruses can combine these immunomodulatory mechanisms with specific patterns of their own transcriptional and replication regulation to achieve persistence within the host long term. The Herpesvirales order is one of those groups and the resultant state is known as latency. Throughout the years, latency has been studied in many host-herpesvirus models to attempt to understand the complex and profound effects of this state on the host's systems, and in the hopes of deciphering a way to eliminate the latent state from survivors of the primary infection. Most studies of herpesvirus latency have been conducted on mammalian host species, but this review summarizes the data available regarding herpesviruses in fish species and their latent state. As the field of aquatic animal health research continues to advance, the elucidation of these complex mechanisms will be crucial for disease control, prevention, and treatment.
{"title":"A review of latency in the Alloherpesviridae family","authors":"Eva Marie Quijano Cardé, Esteban Soto","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14016","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ability to impact the immune response of the host has been recognized as essential for the success of a virus during infection. A few groups of viruses can combine these immunomodulatory mechanisms with specific patterns of their own transcriptional and replication regulation to achieve persistence within the host long term. The <i>Herpesvirales</i> order is one of those groups and the resultant state is known as latency. Throughout the years, latency has been studied in many host-herpesvirus models to attempt to understand the complex and profound effects of this state on the host's systems, and in the hopes of deciphering a way to eliminate the latent state from survivors of the primary infection. Most studies of herpesvirus latency have been conducted on mammalian host species, but this review summarizes the data available regarding herpesviruses in fish species and their latent state. As the field of aquatic animal health research continues to advance, the elucidation of these complex mechanisms will be crucial for disease control, prevention, and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"47 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alamira Marzouk Fouad, Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela, Eman A Negm, Maha Abdelhaseib, Abdallah Alian, Naser Abdelsater, Rashad E M Said, Fatma A S Anwar, Doaa H Assar, Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed
Parasites pose significant challenges to aquaculture and fisheries industries. Our study focuses on the Polyonchobothrium magnum and African catfish to address a potential health issue in aquaculture, explore host-parasite interactions that can help develop effective management practices to ensure fish health and industry sustainability. P. magnum was isolated from the stomach of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as the primary site of infection, with a prevalence of 10%. Most affected fish were heavily infected (8 out of 10). Infection was confirmed by sequencing the PCR-targeted region of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene, along with light and scanning electron microscopes. The parasite had an elongated scolex with deep bothria, a prominent apical disc wider than the scolex itself, and a four-lobed appearance. The scolex contained a central rostellum divided into two semicircles, bearing 26-30 hooks, with an average of 28. The apical disc had large hooks arranged in four quadrants, with 6-8 hooks each, averaging 7 per quadrant. No neck was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of our sequence showed a 100% match with isolates from Guangzhou, China. In infected fish, the anterior kidney showed increased expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B and lysozyme, but decreased levels of in major histocompatibility complex antigen II. Plasma analysis revealed a significant drop in superoxide dismutase, a rise in interleukin-1 beta, and lower IgM levels compared to non-infected controls. Non-infected fish displayed greater gut microbiota diversity, with dominant families including Moraxellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, and Caulobacteraceae, and prevalent genera such as Acinetobacter, Cetobacterium, and Brevundimonas. In contrast, infected fish exhibited very low diversity, with significantly higher proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (45.99%) and Aeromonadaceae (41.79%) compared to non-infected fish, which had 13.76% and 3.64% respectively. Cetobacterium somerae was prevalent in non-infected fish, while infected fish harboured Aeromonas fluvialis, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Gallaecimonas xiamenensis. Overall, P. magnum disrupted the immune status and gut microbiota of the host, thereby impacting its health.
{"title":"Impact of Polyonchobothrium magnum on health and gut microbial ecology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Insights from morphological, molecular, and microbiological analyses.","authors":"Alamira Marzouk Fouad, Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela, Eman A Negm, Maha Abdelhaseib, Abdallah Alian, Naser Abdelsater, Rashad E M Said, Fatma A S Anwar, Doaa H Assar, Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasites pose significant challenges to aquaculture and fisheries industries. Our study focuses on the Polyonchobothrium magnum and African catfish to address a potential health issue in aquaculture, explore host-parasite interactions that can help develop effective management practices to ensure fish health and industry sustainability. P. magnum was isolated from the stomach of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as the primary site of infection, with a prevalence of 10%. Most affected fish were heavily infected (8 out of 10). Infection was confirmed by sequencing the PCR-targeted region of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene, along with light and scanning electron microscopes. The parasite had an elongated scolex with deep bothria, a prominent apical disc wider than the scolex itself, and a four-lobed appearance. The scolex contained a central rostellum divided into two semicircles, bearing 26-30 hooks, with an average of 28. The apical disc had large hooks arranged in four quadrants, with 6-8 hooks each, averaging 7 per quadrant. No neck was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of our sequence showed a 100% match with isolates from Guangzhou, China. In infected fish, the anterior kidney showed increased expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B and lysozyme, but decreased levels of in major histocompatibility complex antigen II. Plasma analysis revealed a significant drop in superoxide dismutase, a rise in interleukin-1 beta, and lower IgM levels compared to non-infected controls. Non-infected fish displayed greater gut microbiota diversity, with dominant families including Moraxellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, and Caulobacteraceae, and prevalent genera such as Acinetobacter, Cetobacterium, and Brevundimonas. In contrast, infected fish exhibited very low diversity, with significantly higher proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (45.99%) and Aeromonadaceae (41.79%) compared to non-infected fish, which had 13.76% and 3.64% respectively. Cetobacterium somerae was prevalent in non-infected fish, while infected fish harboured Aeromonas fluvialis, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Gallaecimonas xiamenensis. Overall, P. magnum disrupted the immune status and gut microbiota of the host, thereby impacting its health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":" ","pages":"e14013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadis Rahmatelahi, Simon Menanteau-Ledouble, Astrid S. Holzer, Mansour El-Matbouli, Mona Saleh
Type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence system in Gram-negative bacteria. In this investigation, different environmental conditions that regulate the expression of T3SS genes in Yersinia ruckeri were investigated aimed at obtaining a better understanding about its modulation after various environmental challenges. Four isolates of Y. ruckeri CSF007-82, ATCC29473, A7959-11 and YRNC10 were cultivated under the diverse in vitro challenges iron depletion, high salt, low pH and in the presence of fish serum or in the fish cell culture (Chinook Salmon Embryo – CHSE). The transcriptional modulation of the chromosomal genes ysaV, ysaC, ysaJ and prgH of ysa were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of prgH, ysaV, ysaC and ysaJ was differentially expressed in all four strains under evaluation. The highest gene expression levels were observed for Y. ruckeri YRNC10 AN after addition of 0.3 M NaCl in Luria Bertani broth. The results obtained from this study provide initial insights into T3SS responses in Y. ruckeri, which pave the way for further studies aimed at expanding our knowledge on the functional roles of the T3SS genes in Y. ruckeri.
III 型分泌系统(T3SS)是革兰氏阴性细菌的一个重要毒力系统。本研究调查了不同环境条件下对 ruckeri 耶尔森菌 T3SS 基因表达的调控,旨在更好地了解其在各种环境挑战下的调控情况。研究人员在缺铁、高盐、低 pH、鱼血清或鱼细胞培养(奇努克鲑鱼胚胎--CHSE)等不同体外挑战条件下培养了四种拉氏耶尔森菌分离株 CSF007-82、ATCC29473、A7959-11 和 YRNC10。利用实时定量 PCR 技术研究了 ysa 的染色体基因 ysaV、ysaC、ysaJ 和 prgH 的转录调控。prgH、ysaV、ysaC和ysaJ的表达在所有四个受测菌株中均存在差异。在 Luria Bertani 肉汤中加入 0.3 M NaCl 后,Y. ruckeri YRNC10 AN 的基因表达水平最高。本研究的结果提供了对 Y. ruckeri 中 T3SS 反应的初步认识,为进一步研究 Y. ruckeri 中 T3SS 基因的功能作用铺平了道路。
{"title":"Differential expression of the type III secretion system genes in Yersinia ruckeri: Preliminary investigations in different environmental conditions","authors":"Hadis Rahmatelahi, Simon Menanteau-Ledouble, Astrid S. Holzer, Mansour El-Matbouli, Mona Saleh","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence system in Gram-negative bacteria. In this investigation, different environmental conditions that regulate the expression of T3SS genes in <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> were investigated aimed at obtaining a better understanding about its modulation after various environmental challenges. Four isolates of <i>Y. ruckeri</i> CSF007-82, ATCC29473, A7959-11 and YRNC10 were cultivated under the diverse in vitro challenges iron depletion, high salt, low pH and in the presence of fish serum or in the fish cell culture (Chinook Salmon Embryo – CHSE). The transcriptional modulation of the chromosomal genes <i>ysaV, ysaC, ysaJ</i> and <i>prgH</i> of <i>ysa</i> were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of <i>prgH, ysaV, ysaC</i> and <i>ysaJ</i> was differentially expressed in all four strains under evaluation. The highest gene expression levels were observed for <i>Y. ruckeri</i> YRNC10 AN after addition of 0.3 M NaCl in Luria Bertani broth. The results obtained from this study provide initial insights into T3SS responses in <i>Y. ruckeri</i>, which pave the way for further studies aimed at expanding our knowledge on the functional roles of the T3SS genes in <i>Y. ruckeri</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"47 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.14007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radek Machat, Lubomir Pojezdal, Jan Gebauer, Radek Tesarik, Jitka Motlova, Miroslava Palikova, Martin Faldyna
The common carp is one of the most economically valuable freshwater fish worldwide and its aquaculture can be severely affected by the koi sleepy disease (KSD)/carp edema virus disease (CEVD). This study explores a natural outbreak of CEVD in a pond containing both clinically healthy and diseased fish of various origins exposed to the virus. We investigated mRNA expression of genes associated with known antiviral immune mechanisms, such as type I interferon signalling and cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and performed a comprehensive protein expression analysis to highlight differences between the two groups in various organs. Significant differences in expression profiles of common carp with and without clinical signs were found to be strongly dependent on the organ from which the sample originated. Components of the complement cascade, including various C3 proteins, exhibited upregulation only in less affected organs, specifically the head kidney and spleen. Other complement proteins such as B/C2 and C9 showed upregulation in the kidney, spleen, and gills but not in the skin. Conversely, lysozymes C and G, were observed to be upregulated in the most affected organs of the skin and gills. This study submits the first description of the immune system related proteome using a mass spectrometry on the samples isolated from fish infected with CEV. It also offers a unique comparison of immune reaction of CEV infected and healthy fish under an infectious pressure.
鲤鱼是全球最具经济价值的淡水鱼之一,其水产养殖会受到锦鲤昏睡病(KSD)/鲤鱼水肿病病毒病(CEVD)的严重影响。本研究探讨了在一个池塘中自然爆发的 CEVD,该池塘中既有临床健康的鱼,也有接触过病毒的不同来源的病鱼。我们调查了与已知的抗病毒免疫机制(如 I 型干扰素信号传导和细胞介导的细胞毒性)相关的基因的 mRNA 表达,并进行了全面的蛋白质表达分析,以突显两组鱼在不同器官中的差异。研究发现,有临床症状和无临床症状的鲤鱼在表达谱上的显著差异与样本来源器官有很大关系。补体级联的组成成分,包括各种 C3 蛋白,只有在受影响较小的器官,特别是头部肾脏和脾脏,才会出现上调。其他补体蛋白(如 B/C2 和 C9)在肾脏、脾脏和鳃中上调,但在皮肤中没有上调。相反,在受影响最严重的皮肤和鳃等器官中,溶菌酶 C 和 G 则出现上调。本研究首次使用质谱法描述了从感染 CEV 的鱼体内分离的样本中与免疫系统相关的蛋白质组。该研究还对感染 CEV 的鱼和健康鱼在感染压力下的免疫反应进行了独特的比较。
{"title":"Immune response in diseased and healthy common carp exposed to carp edema virus","authors":"Radek Machat, Lubomir Pojezdal, Jan Gebauer, Radek Tesarik, Jitka Motlova, Miroslava Palikova, Martin Faldyna","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The common carp is one of the most economically valuable freshwater fish worldwide and its aquaculture can be severely affected by the koi sleepy disease (KSD)/carp edema virus disease (CEVD). This study explores a natural outbreak of CEVD in a pond containing both clinically healthy and diseased fish of various origins exposed to the virus. We investigated mRNA expression of genes associated with known antiviral immune mechanisms, such as type I interferon signalling and cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and performed a comprehensive protein expression analysis to highlight differences between the two groups in various organs. Significant differences in expression profiles of common carp with and without clinical signs were found to be strongly dependent on the organ from which the sample originated. Components of the complement cascade, including various C3 proteins, exhibited upregulation only in less affected organs, specifically the head kidney and spleen. Other complement proteins such as B/C2 and C9 showed upregulation in the kidney, spleen, and gills but not in the skin. Conversely, lysozymes C and G, were observed to be upregulated in the most affected organs of the skin and gills. This study submits the first description of the immune system related proteome using a mass spectrometry on the samples isolated from fish infected with CEV. It also offers a unique comparison of immune reaction of CEV infected and healthy fish under an infectious pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"47 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.14012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four-finger threadfin, Eleutheronema tetradactylum farming in southern Taiwan has been facing disease problems caused by Streptococcus iniae since 2018. The development of a vaccine against infectious S. iniae in the cultured threadfin industry is necessary. Thus, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of threadfin immunized formalin-killed cells (FKC) from S. iniae GSI-111 for 42 days post-vaccination (dpv) using two doses of FKC alone (a booster at 14 dpv) as group A, and FKC mixed with ISA763A adjuvant using a single dose as group B or double doses as group C. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-M was purified from threadfin, and rabbit anti-threadfin IgM polyclonal antibodies were used to detect antibody level in immunized fish; the vaccinated group A displayed higher levels at 3 dpv and all vaccinated treatments demonstrated high antibody levels between 14 and 42 dpv. All vaccine groups showed significantly higher values of lysozyme activity at 42 dpv compared with the control group; the vaccinated A group peaked at 14 dpv. The expression profiles of pro-inflammatory and immune-related genes, TNF-α, IL-12A, and C2 were upregulated at 3 dpv, while CD8A and chemokine receptor CXCR4 were upregulated at 42 dpv. Finally, the threadfins were challenged with S. iniae at 42 dpv. The average relative percent survival was 96% for vaccination A and B treatments, and 100% for vaccination C treatment. In summary, this study demonstrated that FKC vaccines whether formulated with an adjuvant could stimulate immune response and effective protect threadfins against S. iniae infection.
自 2018 年以来,台湾南部的四指线鱼养殖业一直面临着由链球菌引起的疾病问题。在养殖螺纹鱼的行业中,有必要开发针对传染性伊氏链球菌的疫苗。因此,本研究旨在研究线鱼免疫福尔马林杀灭细胞(FKC)从 S. iniae GSI-111 疫苗接种后 42 天(dpv)的疗效,以两剂 FKC 单剂(14 dpv 时加强剂)作为 A 组,以 FKC 与 ISA763A 佐剂混合单剂作为 B 组或双剂作为 C 组。从螺纹鱼中纯化出免疫球蛋白(Ig)-M,并使用兔抗螺纹鱼 IgM 多克隆抗体检测免疫鱼的抗体水平;接种疫苗的 A 组在 3 dpv 时显示出较高的抗体水平,所有接种处理在 14 至 42 dpv 之间都显示出较高的抗体水平。所有疫苗组在 42 dpv 时的溶菌酶活性值都明显高于对照组;接种 A 组的溶菌酶活性在 14 dpv 达到峰值。促炎和免疫相关基因、TNF-α、IL-12A和C2的表达谱在3 dpv时上调,而CD8A和趋化因子受体CXCR4在42 dpv时上调。最后,线虫在 42 dpv 时受到猪链球菌的挑战。疫苗 A 和 B 处理的平均相对存活率为 96%,疫苗 C 处理的平均相对存活率为 100%。总之,本研究表明,FKC 疫苗无论是否添加佐剂,都能刺激免疫反应,有效保护螺纹鱼免受猪链球菌感染。
{"title":"Immune response and protection efficacy of formalin-killed vaccines against Streptococcus iniae in four-finger threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum","authors":"Yin-Ze Shi, Andre Giovanni, Li-Wu Cheng, Wen-Rou Huang, Pei-Chi Wang, Shih-Chu Chen","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Four-finger threadfin, <i>Eleutheronema tetradactylum</i> farming in southern Taiwan has been facing disease problems caused by <i>Streptococcus iniae</i> since 2018. The development of a vaccine against infectious <i>S</i>. <i>iniae</i> in the cultured threadfin industry is necessary. Thus, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of threadfin immunized formalin-killed cells (FKC) from <i>S</i>. <i>iniae</i> GSI-111 for 42 days post-vaccination (dpv) using two doses of FKC alone (a booster at 14 dpv) as group A, and FKC mixed with ISA763A adjuvant using a single dose as group B or double doses as group C. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-M was purified from threadfin, and rabbit anti-threadfin IgM polyclonal antibodies were used to detect antibody level in immunized fish; the vaccinated group A displayed higher levels at 3 dpv and all vaccinated treatments demonstrated high antibody levels between 14 and 42 dpv. All vaccine groups showed significantly higher values of lysozyme activity at 42 dpv compared with the control group; the vaccinated A group peaked at 14 dpv. The expression profiles of pro-inflammatory and immune-related genes, <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-12A</i>, and <i>C2</i> were upregulated at 3 dpv, while <i>CD8A</i> and chemokine receptor <i>CXCR4</i> were upregulated at 42 dpv. Finally, the threadfins were challenged with <i>S</i>. <i>iniae</i> at 42 dpv. The average relative percent survival was 96% for vaccination A and B treatments, and 100% for vaccination C treatment. In summary, this study demonstrated that FKC vaccines whether formulated with an adjuvant could stimulate immune response and effective protect threadfins against <i>S</i>. <i>iniae</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"47 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jucimauro de Araújo Pereira Junior, Gracienhe Gomes dos Santos, Domickson Silva Costa, Graziella Vivine Gonçalves de Matos Silva, Paola Capistrano dos Santos, Gabriele Bueno dos Anjos, Luiz Felipe Kretzer de Moraes, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Arlene Sobrinho Ventura, Natalino da Costa Sousa, Mauricio Laterça Martins
This study aimed to perform in vitro antiparasitic and antimicrobial tests with the essential oil (EO) of Schinus terebinthifolius against of fish and shrimp. The chemical composition of the EO of S. terebinthifolius was determined by gas chromatography. For the antiparasitic test, the protozoan Epistylis sp. obtained from parasitized Oreochromis niloticus was used, and exposed to different concentrations of EO (2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%), and control with 1% grain alcohol. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test with EO of S. terebinthifolius evaluated the antimicrobial potential, with serial dilutions starting at 2% and control with 1% grain alcohol, using the strains of Aeromonas hydrophila (2.2 × 108 CFU mL−1), Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. alginolyticus (2.0 × 108 CFU mL−1). Chemical analysis revealed that the major EO compounds of S. terebinthifolius were δ-3-Carene (56.00%) and α-Pinene (16.89%). In the antiparasitic test, the concentration of 2% EO showed 100% efficacy against Epistylis sp. within 5 min. In the antimicrobial tests, the concentration of 2% EO was effective against all bacteria tested. The EO of S. terebinthifolius demonstrated antiparasitic and antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 2%, standing out as an alternative to conventional antibiotics.
{"title":"Exploring the antiparasitic and antimicrobial potential of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi essential oil against fish and shrimp pathogens","authors":"Jucimauro de Araújo Pereira Junior, Gracienhe Gomes dos Santos, Domickson Silva Costa, Graziella Vivine Gonçalves de Matos Silva, Paola Capistrano dos Santos, Gabriele Bueno dos Anjos, Luiz Felipe Kretzer de Moraes, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Arlene Sobrinho Ventura, Natalino da Costa Sousa, Mauricio Laterça Martins","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to perform in vitro antiparasitic and antimicrobial tests with the essential oil (EO) of <i>Schinus terebinthifolius</i> against of fish and shrimp. The chemical composition of the EO of <i>S. terebinthifolius</i> was determined by gas chromatography. For the antiparasitic test, the protozoan <i>Epistylis</i> sp. obtained from parasitized <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> was used, and exposed to different concentrations of EO (2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%), and control with 1% grain alcohol. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test with EO of <i>S. terebinthifolius</i> evaluated the antimicrobial potential, with serial dilutions starting at 2% and control with 1% grain alcohol, using the strains of <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> (2.2 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>), <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i>, <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, <i>V. harveyi</i>, and <i>V. alginolyticus</i> (2.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>). Chemical analysis revealed that the major EO compounds of <i>S. terebinthifolius</i> were δ-3-Carene (56.00%) and α-Pinene (16.89%). In the antiparasitic test, the concentration of 2% EO showed 100% efficacy against <i>Epistylis</i> sp. within 5 min. In the antimicrobial tests, the concentration of 2% EO was effective against all bacteria tested. The EO of <i>S. terebinthifolius</i> demonstrated antiparasitic and antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 2%, standing out as an alternative to conventional antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"47 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guillaume Cacot, D. Allen Davis, Benjamin R. LaFrentz, Mark R. Liles, Ian A. E. Butts, Craig A. Shoemaker, Benjamin H. Beck, Mark Farmer, Timothy J. Bruce
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are two aquaculture species of great importance. Intensive production is often hindered by poor growth performance and disease mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a commercial fermented yeast product, DVAQUA, on channel catfish and Nile tilapia growth performance metrics and disease resistance. Channel catfish and Nile tilapia were fed practical diets supplemented with 0%, 0.1% or 0.4% of DVAQUA over approximately 2-month feeding periods in recirculation aquaculture systems. To assess the potential of the postbiotic against common aquaculture pathogens, juvenile catfish were subsequently challenged by immersion with Edwardsiella ictaluri S97-773 or virulent Aeromonas hydrophila ML09-119. Nile tilapia juveniles were challenged by injection with Streptococcus iniae ARS-98-60. Serum lysozyme activity, blood chemistry and growth metrics were measured at the end of the feeding period, but no differences were observed across the different metrics, except for survival. For the pathogen challenges, there were no differences in endpoint mortality for channel catfish with either pathogen (p > .05). In contrast, Nile tilapia survivability to S. iniae infection increased proportionally to the inclusion of DVAQUA (p = .005). Changes to sera lysozyme activity were also noted in the tilapia trial, with a reduction of activity in the fish fed the 0.4% DVAQUA diet compared to the control diet (p = .031). Expression profiles of proinflammatory genes and antibodies were also found to be modulated in channel catfish fed the postbiotic, indicating some degree of protective response. These results suggest that this postbiotic may be beneficial in protecting Nile tilapia against S. iniae infection by influencing immune parameters and additional research is needed to evaluate the potential of this DVAQUA for improving catfish health and disease control.
{"title":"Assessment of dietary yeast-based additives for cultured catfish and tilapia health","authors":"Guillaume Cacot, D. Allen Davis, Benjamin R. LaFrentz, Mark R. Liles, Ian A. E. Butts, Craig A. Shoemaker, Benjamin H. Beck, Mark Farmer, Timothy J. Bruce","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) and Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) are two aquaculture species of great importance. Intensive production is often hindered by poor growth performance and disease mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a commercial fermented yeast product, DVAQUA, on channel catfish and Nile tilapia growth performance metrics and disease resistance. Channel catfish and Nile tilapia were fed practical diets supplemented with 0%, 0.1% or 0.4% of DVAQUA over approximately 2-month feeding periods in recirculation aquaculture systems. To assess the potential of the postbiotic against common aquaculture pathogens, juvenile catfish were subsequently challenged by immersion with <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i> S97-773 or virulent <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> ML09-119. Nile tilapia juveniles were challenged by injection with <i>Streptococcus iniae</i> ARS-98-60. Serum lysozyme activity, blood chemistry and growth metrics were measured at the end of the feeding period, but no differences were observed across the different metrics, except for survival. For the pathogen challenges, there were no differences in endpoint mortality for channel catfish with either pathogen (<i>p</i> > .05). In contrast, Nile tilapia survivability to <i>S. iniae</i> infection increased proportionally to the inclusion of DVAQUA (<i>p</i> = .005). Changes to sera lysozyme activity were also noted in the tilapia trial, with a reduction of activity in the fish fed the 0.4% DVAQUA diet compared to the control diet (<i>p</i> = .031). Expression profiles of proinflammatory genes and antibodies were also found to be modulated in channel catfish fed the postbiotic, indicating some degree of protective response. These results suggest that this postbiotic may be beneficial in protecting Nile tilapia against <i>S. iniae</i> infection by influencing immune parameters and additional research is needed to evaluate the potential of this DVAQUA for improving catfish health and disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"47 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2021, White Trevally or Striped Jack cultured in the western part of Japan exhibited mild, but chronic mortalities from late September through early October. The cumulative mortality rate was approximately 0.02% per a net pen containing approximately 50,000 fish. Although the cumulative mortality rate was not high, most of the fish in net pens showed characteristic gross signs and an abnormal swimming behaviour. The body of diseased fish became pale and the yellow lines on the lateral sides of fish body became darken. In addition, silver lines along the dorsal fin became apparent. Loss of schooling behaviour was noted during the mortality event. In addition, affected fish became lethargic and failed to swim against current, or frequently stopped swimming and sank to the bottom of net pens after feeding. The goal of this study was to identify the cause of the mortality event. To achieve the goal, we used histopathology and metatranscriptome analysis. Histopathological examination revealed that xenoma of microsporidian were frequently observed in the nerve axon in the brain and spinal cord. Spores observed in the sections were stained with a fluorescent dye, Uvitex 2B, indicating those spores are microsporidian. The data from metatranscriptome analysis indicated that the microsporidian is Spraguea sp. The microsporidian was frequently detected from diseased fish with similar symptoms collected in the same region, suggesting that the microsporidian was highly associated with abnormal swimming behaviour of fish.
{"title":"Mortality events associated with microsporidian, Spraguea sp., in White Trevally culture in Japan","authors":"Tomofumi Kurobe, Ikunari Kiryu","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2021, White Trevally or Striped Jack cultured in the western part of Japan exhibited mild, but chronic mortalities from late September through early October. The cumulative mortality rate was approximately 0.02% per a net pen containing approximately 50,000 fish. Although the cumulative mortality rate was not high, most of the fish in net pens showed characteristic gross signs and an abnormal swimming behaviour. The body of diseased fish became pale and the yellow lines on the lateral sides of fish body became darken. In addition, silver lines along the dorsal fin became apparent. Loss of schooling behaviour was noted during the mortality event. In addition, affected fish became lethargic and failed to swim against current, or frequently stopped swimming and sank to the bottom of net pens after feeding. The goal of this study was to identify the cause of the mortality event. To achieve the goal, we used histopathology and metatranscriptome analysis. Histopathological examination revealed that xenoma of microsporidian were frequently observed in the nerve axon in the brain and spinal cord. Spores observed in the sections were stained with a fluorescent dye, Uvitex 2B, indicating those spores are microsporidian. The data from metatranscriptome analysis indicated that the microsporidian is <i>Spraguea</i> sp. The microsporidian was frequently detected from diseased fish with similar symptoms collected in the same region, suggesting that the microsporidian was highly associated with abnormal swimming behaviour of fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"47 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arun Venugopalan, Danielle White, Adrián López-Porras, Lorelei Ford, Cynthia Ware, Marsha A. Lewis, James M. Steadman, Lester H. Khoo, Bradley Richardson, Charles M. Walker, Todd S. Byars, David J. Wise, Matt J. Griffin, Larry A. Hanson
Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV1) is the most significant viral agent in U.S. catfish aquaculture. Little is known regarding the genetic stability and antigenic variability of IcHV1. Herein, the genetic and antigenic diversity of IcHV1 field isolates was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and serum neutralization assays. RFLP analysis identified two distinct genotypes (IcHV1A and IcHV1B), both discrete from blue catfish alloherpesvirus (BCAHV). Neutralization assays with anti-IcHV1 monoclonal antibody Mab-95 indicate shared antigenic determinants for IcHV1A and IcHV1B that are absent from BCAHV, which Mab-95 did not neutralize. Virulence assessments with representative isolates demonstrate significant differences between isolates within RFLP groups and pooled RFLP group data suggest IcHV1B (pooled survival [mean ± SE]: 58.3% ± 2.6) may be more virulent than IcHV1A (survival: 68.6% ± 2.4). Rechallenges with representative IcHV1A and IcHV1B isolates indicate a cross-protective effect, with fish surviving initial exposure to IcHV1A or IcHV1B showing robust protection when subsequently re-exposed to IcHV1A or IcHV1B. This work demonstrated significant differences in virulence between case isolates, identifying two discrete IcHV1 lineages, distinct from BCAHV, with similar virulence in channel and channel × blue catfish hybrids and a cross-protective effect in catfish surviving exposure to either lineage.
{"title":"Diversity in clinical isolates of Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV1) from U.S. farm-raised catfish and virulence assessment in channel and channel × blue catfish hybrids","authors":"Arun Venugopalan, Danielle White, Adrián López-Porras, Lorelei Ford, Cynthia Ware, Marsha A. Lewis, James M. Steadman, Lester H. Khoo, Bradley Richardson, Charles M. Walker, Todd S. Byars, David J. Wise, Matt J. Griffin, Larry A. Hanson","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV1) is the most significant viral agent in U.S. catfish aquaculture. Little is known regarding the genetic stability and antigenic variability of IcHV1. Herein, the genetic and antigenic diversity of IcHV1 field isolates was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and serum neutralization assays. RFLP analysis identified two distinct genotypes (IcHV1A and IcHV1B), both discrete from blue catfish alloherpesvirus (BCAHV). Neutralization assays with anti-IcHV1 monoclonal antibody Mab-95 indicate shared antigenic determinants for IcHV1A and IcHV1B that are absent from BCAHV, which Mab-95 did not neutralize. Virulence assessments with representative isolates demonstrate significant differences between isolates within RFLP groups and pooled RFLP group data suggest IcHV1B (pooled survival [mean ± SE]: 58.3% ± 2.6) may be more virulent than IcHV1A (survival: 68.6% ± 2.4). Rechallenges with representative IcHV1A and IcHV1B isolates indicate a cross-protective effect, with fish surviving initial exposure to IcHV1A or IcHV1B showing robust protection when subsequently re-exposed to IcHV1A or IcHV1B. This work demonstrated significant differences in virulence between case isolates, identifying two discrete IcHV1 lineages, distinct from BCAHV, with similar virulence in channel and channel × blue catfish hybrids and a cross-protective effect in catfish surviving exposure to either lineage.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":"47 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}