Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1098612X241283355
Jonathan Stockman
Practical relevance: Phosphorus is an essential nutrient required for the normal function of every cell in the body and a deficiency in dietary phosphorus may lead to adverse effects. Conversely, high dietary phosphorus may cause kidney damage in otherwise healthy adult cats, particularly when provided in highly bioavailable forms and when the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is low. For cats that have chronic kidney disease (CKD), phosphorus is the most important mineral in its pathogenesis and morbidity. As the disease progresses, elevated phosphorus may increase the risk of complications such as soft tissue mineralization, which can lead to a further decrease in renal function. Additionally, the hormones secreted in response to increased circulating phosphorus have harmful effects, such as bone resorption, and can cause cardiovascular pathology. Very low phosphorus diets can also be problematic in cats with early CKD, potentially leading to hypercalcemia.
Clinical challenges: There is currently a lack of maximum safety limits for dietary phosphorus in accepted nutritional guidelines in North American and Europe, which makes it difficult to assess the safety of some higher phosphorus cat foods. Additionally, information regarding phosphorus bioavailability is unknown for many diets and there are no commercially available tests. Similarly, there is no consensus regarding phosphorus requirement and recommended intake in cats with International Renal Interest Society stage 1-4 CKD despite there being targets for serum phosphorus.
Aims: This review evaluates dietary phosphorus in healthy cats and cats with renal disease, and describes how newer research is informing evolving clinical approaches in feline nutrition.
Audience: The article is aimed at general practitioners, internal medicine specialists and veterinary nutritionists.
Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature.
{"title":"Dietary phosphorus and renal disease in cats: where are we?","authors":"Jonathan Stockman","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241283355","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241283355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Practical relevance: </strong>Phosphorus is an essential nutrient required for the normal function of every cell in the body and a deficiency in dietary phosphorus may lead to adverse effects. Conversely, high dietary phosphorus may cause kidney damage in otherwise healthy adult cats, particularly when provided in highly bioavailable forms and when the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is low. For cats that have chronic kidney disease (CKD), phosphorus is the most important mineral in its pathogenesis and morbidity. As the disease progresses, elevated phosphorus may increase the risk of complications such as soft tissue mineralization, which can lead to a further decrease in renal function. Additionally, the hormones secreted in response to increased circulating phosphorus have harmful effects, such as bone resorption, and can cause cardiovascular pathology. Very low phosphorus diets can also be problematic in cats with early CKD, potentially leading to hypercalcemia.</p><p><strong>Clinical challenges: </strong>There is currently a lack of maximum safety limits for dietary phosphorus in accepted nutritional guidelines in North American and Europe, which makes it difficult to assess the safety of some higher phosphorus cat foods. Additionally, information regarding phosphorus bioavailability is unknown for many diets and there are no commercially available tests. Similarly, there is no consensus regarding phosphorus requirement and recommended intake in cats with International Renal Interest Society stage 1-4 CKD despite there being targets for serum phosphorus.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This review evaluates dietary phosphorus in healthy cats and cats with renal disease, and describes how newer research is informing evolving clinical approaches in feline nutrition.</p><p><strong>Audience: </strong>The article is aimed at general practitioners, internal medicine specialists and veterinary nutritionists.</p><p><strong>Evidence base: </strong>Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241283355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1098612X241254024
Vanessa Bruneau, Faye Hartmann, Katrina Viviano
Objectives: The study aimed to describe the clinical use of chloramphenicol in client-owned cats, examining the patient population, sites of infection, targeted pathogens, prescribed dosing regimen, outcomes and adverse effects.
Methods: Between 2015 and 2023, a retrospective medical record review was undertaken to identify a case series of cats treated with chloramphenicol.
Results: Twelve client-owned cats with complicated infections were treated with chloramphenicol at a median dose of 13.3 mg/kg (range 9.1-34.7) administered orally every 12 h for a median duration of 14.5 days. Within 30 days before starting chloramphenicol, 11/12 cats had received treatment with at least one antibiotic. The sites of infection included skin, urinary tract and multisystemic. Multidrug-resistant pathogens, for which no alternative oral antibiotic therapy was available, were commonly targeted. These included meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus species and multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Of the 12 cats treated with chloramphenicol, nine effectively achieved either bacteriologic or clinical cure. Chloramphenicol adverse effects were uncommon and limited to gastrointestinal upset, which was self-limiting or manageable with supportive treatment in two cats.
Conclusions and relevance: In these cats, the decision to treat with chloramphenicol was made because an alternative oral antibiotic was not available to target the multidrug-resistant pathogens. Infections of the skin or urinary tract were common. Overall, chloramphenicol was well tolerated, and treatment success was possible for most cats.
{"title":"Retrospective description of the clinical use of chloramphenicol in client-owned cats: 12 cases (2015-2023).","authors":"Vanessa Bruneau, Faye Hartmann, Katrina Viviano","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241254024","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241254024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to describe the clinical use of chloramphenicol in client-owned cats, examining the patient population, sites of infection, targeted pathogens, prescribed dosing regimen, outcomes and adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2015 and 2023, a retrospective medical record review was undertaken to identify a case series of cats treated with chloramphenicol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve client-owned cats with complicated infections were treated with chloramphenicol at a median dose of 13.3 mg/kg (range 9.1-34.7) administered orally every 12 h for a median duration of 14.5 days. Within 30 days before starting chloramphenicol, 11/12 cats had received treatment with at least one antibiotic. The sites of infection included skin, urinary tract and multisystemic. Multidrug-resistant pathogens, for which no alternative oral antibiotic therapy was available, were commonly targeted. These included meticillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> species and multidrug-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>. Of the 12 cats treated with chloramphenicol, nine effectively achieved either bacteriologic or clinical cure. Chloramphenicol adverse effects were uncommon and limited to gastrointestinal upset, which was self-limiting or manageable with supportive treatment in two cats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In these cats, the decision to treat with chloramphenicol was made because an alternative oral antibiotic was not available to target the multidrug-resistant pathogens. Infections of the skin or urinary tract were common. Overall, chloramphenicol was well tolerated, and treatment success was possible for most cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241254024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of pelvic osteotomy and ventral fixation of the ischium using cortical screws and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for feline pelvic canal stenosis (PCS) associated with malunion after conservative management of pelvic fractures.
Methods: Surgical pelvic enlargement was performed for PCS in six cats. The medical records, including information on the patients, surgical procedures, defecation and complications, were reviewed. The sacral index (SI) and colonic:lumbar:vertebral ratio (CLVR) were evaluated based on pre- and postoperative radiographs.
Results: This study included five castrated male cats and one spayed female cat. Postoperative improvements in constipation and defecatory difficulty were noted in all cases. The postoperative SI was significantly higher (mean 0.93, range 0.72-1.13) than the preoperative SI (mean 0.59, range 0.45-0.74) (P <0.001). However, no statistically significant change was found in the CLVR preoperatively and up to 3 months postoperatively. A successful union of the ilium was observed, without implant failures. One case developed necrosis of the pubic surgical wound.
Conclusions and relevance: This study indicated the potential benefits of pelvic osteotomy and ventral fixation of the pelvic floor using screws and PMMA for achieving pelvic cavity enlargement in treating feline PCS associated with defecatory problems.
{"title":"Pelvic osteotomy for pelvic canal stenosis after malunion pelvic fractures in cats.","authors":"Ryoichi Suzuki, Masakazu Shimada, Hideyuki Fukuda, Shuntaro Munakata, Keiji Kamijo, Shinya Yamaguchi, Yasushi Hara","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241276393","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241276393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of pelvic osteotomy and ventral fixation of the ischium using cortical screws and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for feline pelvic canal stenosis (PCS) associated with malunion after conservative management of pelvic fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Surgical pelvic enlargement was performed for PCS in six cats. The medical records, including information on the patients, surgical procedures, defecation and complications, were reviewed. The sacral index (SI) and colonic:lumbar:vertebral ratio (CLVR) were evaluated based on pre- and postoperative radiographs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included five castrated male cats and one spayed female cat. Postoperative improvements in constipation and defecatory difficulty were noted in all cases. The postoperative SI was significantly higher (mean 0.93, range 0.72-1.13) than the preoperative SI (mean 0.59, range 0.45-0.74) (<i>P</i> <0.001). However, no statistically significant change was found in the CLVR preoperatively and up to 3 months postoperatively. A successful union of the ilium was observed, without implant failures. One case developed necrosis of the pubic surgical wound.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This study indicated the potential benefits of pelvic osteotomy and ventral fixation of the pelvic floor using screws and PMMA for achieving pelvic cavity enlargement in treating feline PCS associated with defecatory problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241276393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241275890
Hania Brasali, Sam Stewart, Nicole S Amato
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the perioperative outcomes and complications of single session bilateral femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) in cats for treatment of bilateral coxofemoral joint disease.MethodsThe medical records of cats undergoing a single session bilateral FHNE were identified and the history, signalment, diagnosis, surgery reports, anesthetic records, postoperative radiographs, postoperative examinations, complications and outcomes were recorded.ResultsA total of 39 cats undergoing a single session bilateral FHNE were included. Bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis was the most commonly diagnosed etiology. All cats were discharged within 48 h of the procedure. One major complication and five minor complications were reported. All but one cat returned to normal activity and no owners reported concerns after the 2-week postoperative recheck.Conclusions and relevanceSingle session bilateral FHNE is a viable surgical option for the treatment of bilateral coxofemoral disease in cats that results in a quick return to function, especially when other options are not indicated, available or affordable.
{"title":"Clinical perioperative outcomes in 39 cats after single session bilateral femoral head and neck excision","authors":"Hania Brasali, Sam Stewart, Nicole S Amato","doi":"10.1177/1098612x241275890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x241275890","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the perioperative outcomes and complications of single session bilateral femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) in cats for treatment of bilateral coxofemoral joint disease.MethodsThe medical records of cats undergoing a single session bilateral FHNE were identified and the history, signalment, diagnosis, surgery reports, anesthetic records, postoperative radiographs, postoperative examinations, complications and outcomes were recorded.ResultsA total of 39 cats undergoing a single session bilateral FHNE were included. Bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis was the most commonly diagnosed etiology. All cats were discharged within 48 h of the procedure. One major complication and five minor complications were reported. All but one cat returned to normal activity and no owners reported concerns after the 2-week postoperative recheck.Conclusions and relevanceSingle session bilateral FHNE is a viable surgical option for the treatment of bilateral coxofemoral disease in cats that results in a quick return to function, especially when other options are not indicated, available or affordable.","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241264124
Fraser I Hill, May PY Tse, Steve W Mills, Jeanine R Sandy, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Vanessa R Barrs
ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study was to describe the neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions seen on histopathological examination of cat testes in Hong Kong between 2018 and 2024.MethodsA total of 26 single or dual testes samples were collected from 18 cats by veterinarians at 14 veterinary clinics and submitted for histopathological examination. Laboratory records, including signalment, lesion location, age, breed and histopathological findings, were reviewed for each cat.ResultsNeoplastic testicular lesions were seen in three older cats (median age 8.5 years; range 3–17) compared with 18 non-neoplastic lesions in 15 cats (median age 1 year; range 0.5–3). The most common non-neoplastic lesions included inflammation (in the testes, epididymis, tunics and ductus deferens), cryptorchidism, and one case each of polyorchidism and epididymal cyst formation. Two of the testes with inflammation were identified on immunohistochemical staining as feline coronavirus-infected and one pair of testes was associated with the presence of extracellular Gram-negative bacteria at the lesion site. Three different neoplastic lesions were identified, one each of Sertoli cell tumour, leiomyoma and fibrosarcoma.Conclusions and relevanceNon-neoplastic testicular lesions were most common, including inflammation, cryptorchidism, polyorchidism and epididymal cysts. To our knowledge, leiomyoma and fibrosarcoma have not been reported in cat testes before and represent important differential diagnoses for testicular lesions.
{"title":"Histopathological changes in testicular lesions in cats","authors":"Fraser I Hill, May PY Tse, Steve W Mills, Jeanine R Sandy, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Vanessa R Barrs","doi":"10.1177/1098612x241264124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x241264124","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study was to describe the neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions seen on histopathological examination of cat testes in Hong Kong between 2018 and 2024.MethodsA total of 26 single or dual testes samples were collected from 18 cats by veterinarians at 14 veterinary clinics and submitted for histopathological examination. Laboratory records, including signalment, lesion location, age, breed and histopathological findings, were reviewed for each cat.ResultsNeoplastic testicular lesions were seen in three older cats (median age 8.5 years; range 3–17) compared with 18 non-neoplastic lesions in 15 cats (median age 1 year; range 0.5–3). The most common non-neoplastic lesions included inflammation (in the testes, epididymis, tunics and ductus deferens), cryptorchidism, and one case each of polyorchidism and epididymal cyst formation. Two of the testes with inflammation were identified on immunohistochemical staining as feline coronavirus-infected and one pair of testes was associated with the presence of extracellular Gram-negative bacteria at the lesion site. Three different neoplastic lesions were identified, one each of Sertoli cell tumour, leiomyoma and fibrosarcoma.Conclusions and relevanceNon-neoplastic testicular lesions were most common, including inflammation, cryptorchidism, polyorchidism and epididymal cysts. To our knowledge, leiomyoma and fibrosarcoma have not been reported in cat testes before and represent important differential diagnoses for testicular lesions.","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241262669
Bente Guse, Judith Langenstein, Natali Bauer, Katarina Hazuchova
ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to compare signalment and laboratory parameters between diabetic (D) and non-diabetic (ND) cats and poorly-controlled diabetic (PD) and well-controlled diabetic (WD) cats in Germany.MethodsLaboratory data from Antech Lab Germany between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Age, sex, red blood cell count (RBC), creatinine (CREA), alkaline phosphatase (AP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin (BILI), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRI), glucose (GLU) and total thyroxine (TT4) were compared between D (fructosamine ⩾340 µmol/l) and ND cats, and PD (fructosamine >500 µmol/l) and WD (fructosamine 340–500 µmol/l) cats. The proportion of cats with anaemia (RBC ⩽4.21 ×1012/l), CREA >250 µmol/l, ALT >455 U/l, AP >315 U/l, BILI ⩾35 µmol/l and TT4 > reference interval (RI) was compared between PD and WD cats. Data are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR) and analysed using non-parametric tests. Significance was P<0.05, and effect size was assessed by Cramér V or r.ResultsIn total, 129,505 cats were included (D: n = 9334 [prevalence 7.2%], WD: n = 5670/9334 [60.7%]). The median age of D and ND cats was 12 years (IQR D 9–14; ND 9–15); there was no difference in sex. A significant difference was found between groups (D vs ND; PD vs WD) for all parameters studied. Considering the effect sizes and medians outside the RI, the only relevant difference was higher CHOL, TRI, AP and GLU in PD compared with WD (CHOL: PD 7.46 [5.85–9.32] vs WD 5.44 [4.32–6.97] mmol/l, P<0.001, r = 0.39; TRI: PD 1.44 [0.84–3.66] vs WD 0.78 [0.5–1.35] mmol/l, P <0.001, r = 0.35; AP: PD 66 [47–92] vs WD 35 [23–59] U/l, P <0.001, r = 0.39; GLU: PD 23.7 [20.15–27.3] vs WD 6.89 [5–11.31] mmol/l, P <0.001, r = 0.69).Conclusions and relevanceLaboratory changes in diabetic cats were mild and mainly associated with lipid derangements.
目的 本研究旨在比较德国糖尿病猫（D）和非糖尿病猫（ND）以及控制不佳的糖尿病猫（PD）和控制良好的糖尿病猫（WD）之间的信号和实验室参数。方法 回顾性分析德国 Antech 实验室 2015 年至 2018 年期间的实验室数据。将 D 型猫（果糖胺 ⩾340 µmol/l ）和 ND 型猫、PD 型猫（果糖胺 >；500 µmol/l）和 WD（果糖胺 340-500 µmol/l）猫。对患有贫血（RBC ⩽4.21 ×1012/l）、CREA >250 µmol/l、ALT >455 U/l、AP >315 U/l、BILI ⩾35 µmol/l和TT4 > 参考区间（RI）的猫的比例进行了比较。数据以中位数和四分位数间距 (IQR) 表示，并使用非参数检验进行分析。显著性为 P<0.05，效应大小由 Cramér V 或 r 评估。结果共纳入 129,505 只猫（D：n = 9334 [发病率 7.2%]，WD：n = 5670/9334 [60.7%]）。D型猫和ND型猫的中位年龄为12岁（IQR为D型9-14岁；ND型9-15岁）；性别无差异。在所有研究参数上，组间（D 组 vs ND 组；PD 组 vs WD 组）均存在明显差异。考虑到 RI 以外的效应大小和中位数，唯一相关的差异是 PD 的 CHOL、TRI、AP 和 GLU 均高于 WD（CHOL：PD 7.46 [5.85-9.32] vs WD 5.44 [4.32-6.97] mmol/l，P<0.001，r = 0.39；TRI：PD 1.44 [0.84-3.66] vs WD 0.78 [0.5-1.35] mmol/l，P<0.001，r = 0.35；AP：PD 66 [47-92] mmol/l，P<0.001，r = 0.35）：PD 66 [47-92] vs WD 35 [23-59] U/l, P <0.001, r = 0.39; GLU：结论和相关性糖尿病猫的实验室变化轻微，主要与血脂紊乱有关。
{"title":"Signalment and laboratory findings in cats with diabetes mellitus in Germany: a retrospective review of laboratory submissions of 129,505 cats","authors":"Bente Guse, Judith Langenstein, Natali Bauer, Katarina Hazuchova","doi":"10.1177/1098612x241262669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x241262669","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to compare signalment and laboratory parameters between diabetic (D) and non-diabetic (ND) cats and poorly-controlled diabetic (PD) and well-controlled diabetic (WD) cats in Germany.MethodsLaboratory data from Antech Lab Germany between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Age, sex, red blood cell count (RBC), creatinine (CREA), alkaline phosphatase (AP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin (BILI), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRI), glucose (GLU) and total thyroxine (TT4) were compared between D (fructosamine ⩾340 µmol/l) and ND cats, and PD (fructosamine >500 µmol/l) and WD (fructosamine 340–500 µmol/l) cats. The proportion of cats with anaemia (RBC ⩽4.21 ×10<jats:sup>12</jats:sup>/l), CREA >250 µmol/l, ALT >455 U/l, AP >315 U/l, BILI ⩾35 µmol/l and TT4 > reference interval (RI) was compared between PD and WD cats. Data are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR) and analysed using non-parametric tests. Significance was P<0.05, and effect size was assessed by Cramér V or r.ResultsIn total, 129,505 cats were included (D: n = 9334 [prevalence 7.2%], WD: n = 5670/9334 [60.7%]). The median age of D and ND cats was 12 years (IQR D 9–14; ND 9–15); there was no difference in sex. A significant difference was found between groups (D vs ND; PD vs WD) for all parameters studied. Considering the effect sizes and medians outside the RI, the only relevant difference was higher CHOL, TRI, AP and GLU in PD compared with WD (CHOL: PD 7.46 [5.85–9.32] vs WD 5.44 [4.32–6.97] mmol/l, P<0.001, r = 0.39; TRI: PD 1.44 [0.84–3.66] vs WD 0.78 [0.5–1.35] mmol/l, P <0.001, r = 0.35; AP: PD 66 [47–92] vs WD 35 [23–59] U/l, P <0.001, r = 0.39; GLU: PD 23.7 [20.15–27.3] vs WD 6.89 [5–11.31] mmol/l, P <0.001, r = 0.69).Conclusions and relevanceLaboratory changes in diabetic cats were mild and mainly associated with lipid derangements.","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241271871
Sebastian Jaenich, Tomasz Bartkowiak, Hubert Jopek, Mathias Brunnberg, Pavel Slunsky
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the load and type of failure of the sutured ventral abdominal fascia of cats with different sizes of suture material made of polydioxanone (PDX) (2-0, 3-0, 4-0, 5-0 USP).MethodsA total of 32 samples of the ventral abdominal wall from 16 cadaveric cats were harvested using an hourglass-shaped template. The samples were sectioned longitudinally along the linea alba and then sutured together in a continuous pattern using four different randomly assigned sizes of pdx suture material (2-0, 3-0, 4-0, 5-0 USP). A universal testing machine was used for linear distraction of the samples. The tensile strength and type of failure were recorded and analysed. Three types of failure were defined: suture material failure (S), suture line failure (T1) and failure of the abdominal wall further away from the linea alba (T2).ResultsThe frequency of suture material failure decreased with increasing suture size. Suture size 5-0 failed due to a S failure in 6/8 samples, PDX 4-0 failed in 2/8 samples and PDX 3-0 failed in only 1/8 samples. However, PDX 2-0 failed due to only T1 or T2 failures, with both failures being almost equally represented. No statistically significant differences in the load to failure between PDX 2-0, 3-0 and 4-0 were noted ( P >0.05). The risk of suture failure increased with decreasing suture size diameter.Conclusions and relevancePDX 2-0 and 3-0 can be used without reservation for the closure of ventral midline coeliotomy in cats. Although there was no statistically significant difference between PDX 2-0, 3-0 and 4-0, PDX 4-0 showed a higher probability for suture breakage and should be used only after careful consideration of the patient while clinical evaluation is pending. Pdx 5-0 cannot be recommended as a safe suture size for this type of surgical closure.
{"title":"Tensile testing in feline ventral abdominal coeliotomy closure with different sizes of polydioxanone suture material: a biomechanical study","authors":"Sebastian Jaenich, Tomasz Bartkowiak, Hubert Jopek, Mathias Brunnberg, Pavel Slunsky","doi":"10.1177/1098612x241271871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x241271871","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the load and type of failure of the sutured ventral abdominal fascia of cats with different sizes of suture material made of polydioxanone (PDX) (2-0, 3-0, 4-0, 5-0 USP).MethodsA total of 32 samples of the ventral abdominal wall from 16 cadaveric cats were harvested using an hourglass-shaped template. The samples were sectioned longitudinally along the linea alba and then sutured together in a continuous pattern using four different randomly assigned sizes of pdx suture material (2-0, 3-0, 4-0, 5-0 USP). A universal testing machine was used for linear distraction of the samples. The tensile strength and type of failure were recorded and analysed. Three types of failure were defined: suture material failure (S), suture line failure (T1) and failure of the abdominal wall further away from the linea alba (T2).ResultsThe frequency of suture material failure decreased with increasing suture size. Suture size 5-0 failed due to a S failure in 6/8 samples, PDX 4-0 failed in 2/8 samples and PDX 3-0 failed in only 1/8 samples. However, PDX 2-0 failed due to only T1 or T2 failures, with both failures being almost equally represented. No statistically significant differences in the load to failure between PDX 2-0, 3-0 and 4-0 were noted ( P >0.05). The risk of suture failure increased with decreasing suture size diameter.Conclusions and relevancePDX 2-0 and 3-0 can be used without reservation for the closure of ventral midline coeliotomy in cats. Although there was no statistically significant difference between PDX 2-0, 3-0 and 4-0, PDX 4-0 showed a higher probability for suture breakage and should be used only after careful consideration of the patient while clinical evaluation is pending. Pdx 5-0 cannot be recommended as a safe suture size for this type of surgical closure.","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241260712
Sabrine Marangoni, Paulo V Steagall
ObjectivesThe aim of this work was to create a video-based compilation of acute pain behaviours in cats as an open-access online resource for training of veterinary health professionals.MethodsA database comprising 60 h of video recordings of cats was used. Videos were previously recorded after ethical approval and written client consent forms, and involved cats with different types (eg, medical, surgical, trauma, orofacial) and degrees (eg, from no pain to severe pain) of acute pain, before and after surgery or the administration of analgesia. The database included videos of cats of different coat colours, ages, sex and breeds. Video selection was based on a published ethogram of acute pain behaviours in cats. Videos were selected by one observer (SM) according to their definition and quality, followed by a second round of screening by two observers (SM and PVS). Video editing included a standardised template (ie, watermark and titles).ResultsA total of 24 videos (mean length 33 ± 17 s) with each acute pain-related behaviour described in the ethogram were uploaded to an open-access online video-sharing platform ( http://www.youtube.com/@Steagalllaboratory ) with an individual hyperlink. Videos were provided with a short description of the behaviour for the public.Conclusions and relevanceThis video-based compilation may promote better training of veterinary health professionals on acute pain assessment while improving feline health and welfare and the understanding of cat behaviours.
{"title":"Video-based compilation of acute pain behaviours in cats","authors":"Sabrine Marangoni, Paulo V Steagall","doi":"10.1177/1098612x241260712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x241260712","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesThe aim of this work was to create a video-based compilation of acute pain behaviours in cats as an open-access online resource for training of veterinary health professionals.MethodsA database comprising 60 h of video recordings of cats was used. Videos were previously recorded after ethical approval and written client consent forms, and involved cats with different types (eg, medical, surgical, trauma, orofacial) and degrees (eg, from no pain to severe pain) of acute pain, before and after surgery or the administration of analgesia. The database included videos of cats of different coat colours, ages, sex and breeds. Video selection was based on a published ethogram of acute pain behaviours in cats. Videos were selected by one observer (SM) according to their definition and quality, followed by a second round of screening by two observers (SM and PVS). Video editing included a standardised template (ie, watermark and titles).ResultsA total of 24 videos (mean length 33 ± 17 s) with each acute pain-related behaviour described in the ethogram were uploaded to an open-access online video-sharing platform ( http://www.youtube.com/@Steagalllaboratory ) with an individual hyperlink. Videos were provided with a short description of the behaviour for the public.Conclusions and relevanceThis video-based compilation may promote better training of veterinary health professionals on acute pain assessment while improving feline health and welfare and the understanding of cat behaviours.","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence and trends of proteinuria, elevations in serum creatinine and urea, and systolic blood pressure in cats undergoing treatment with toceranib.MethodsIn total, 32 cats treated with toceranib for malignancies were analyzed. Cats were included if urinalysis and urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) measurements were available at 28 days (T1) and 56 days (T2) after starting the treatment. Cats with concurrent lower urinary tract disease, including urinary tract malignancy, were excluded. Friedman’s ANOVA compared variables between time points, and the Spearman test assessed the correlation between treatment duration and UPC.ResultsThe median starting dose of toceranib was 2.68 mg/kg (range 1.7–3.9). In total, 15 (46.9%) cats received concurrent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The most commonly treated tumors were oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 10) and mast cell tumor (n = 5). None of the 32 cats developed progressive proteinuria or azotemia during the follow-up period (median 56 days; range 56–336). Notably, UPC and serum creatinine were significantly lower at T2 compared with baseline ( P = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively). Among the four cats with baseline proteinuria, UPC decreased over time with or without concurrent telmisartan treatment (n = 2). All four of these cats experienced a reduction in tumor size with toceranib concurrently with their decreased UPC. There was no significant correlation between UPC and the duration of toceranib treatment ( P = 0.089). Blood pressure was not significantly different over the assessed time points.Conclusions and relevanceThe incidence of proteinuria, renal azotemia and hypertension in cats treated with toceranib for neoplasia appears to be low. Toceranib may be a viable treatment option even in cats with pre-existing proteinuria or renal disease, with careful monitoring of trends recommended.
{"title":"The incidence and trends of proteinuria, azotemia and hypertension in cats receiving toceranib phosphate","authors":"Kimberly Williams, Valerie MacDonald-Dickinson, Arata Matsuyama","doi":"10.1177/1098612x241266418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x241266418","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence and trends of proteinuria, elevations in serum creatinine and urea, and systolic blood pressure in cats undergoing treatment with toceranib.MethodsIn total, 32 cats treated with toceranib for malignancies were analyzed. Cats were included if urinalysis and urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) measurements were available at 28 days (T1) and 56 days (T2) after starting the treatment. Cats with concurrent lower urinary tract disease, including urinary tract malignancy, were excluded. Friedman’s ANOVA compared variables between time points, and the Spearman test assessed the correlation between treatment duration and UPC.ResultsThe median starting dose of toceranib was 2.68 mg/kg (range 1.7–3.9). In total, 15 (46.9%) cats received concurrent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The most commonly treated tumors were oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 10) and mast cell tumor (n = 5). None of the 32 cats developed progressive proteinuria or azotemia during the follow-up period (median 56 days; range 56–336). Notably, UPC and serum creatinine were significantly lower at T2 compared with baseline ( P = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively). Among the four cats with baseline proteinuria, UPC decreased over time with or without concurrent telmisartan treatment (n = 2). All four of these cats experienced a reduction in tumor size with toceranib concurrently with their decreased UPC. There was no significant correlation between UPC and the duration of toceranib treatment ( P = 0.089). Blood pressure was not significantly different over the assessed time points.Conclusions and relevanceThe incidence of proteinuria, renal azotemia and hypertension in cats treated with toceranib for neoplasia appears to be low. Toceranib may be a viable treatment option even in cats with pre-existing proteinuria or renal disease, with careful monitoring of trends recommended.","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241276916
Hugo Swanstein, Søren Boysen, Laura Cole
Practical relevance:Cats are great pretenders; they often hide illness until they are critical. This makes patients of this species challenging to assess and manage in the emergency setting where quick and stress-free diagnosis and treatment are necessary. Veterinary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a rapid, evidence-based, non-invasive, repeatable, cage-side ultrasonographic examination designed to answer clinically driven questions without compromising feline wellbeing. Integrating feline friendly POCUS as an extension of the physical examination to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, thereby limiting stress and improving overall patient care, is advocated by the authors of this article.Equipment:Given the multitude of ultrasound machines and probes available that are portable, meaning they can be moved around the clinic and used patient-side, it should be possible for most practitioners to integrate POCUS into daily practice. The authors’ preferred equipment for feline POCUS is a microconvex probe and a portable machine with a fixed pre-set. This set-up allows the clinician to complete all POCUS (abdominal, lung and pleural space, and heart) without needing to move the patient, change probes or restrain the patient in a particular position, ultimately saving time, personnel and cost while maintaining patient comfort and safety.Aim:This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for veterinarians seeking to improve their feline patient care through the judicious utilisation of POCUS. In this article, the complex challenges posed by cats are addressed, and the different POCUS techniques, applications and clinical recommendations are discussed.Evidence base:This review draws on the published literature, as well as the authors’ own collective experience when providing recommendations.
{"title":"Feline friendly POCUS: how to implement it into your daily practice","authors":"Hugo Swanstein, Søren Boysen, Laura Cole","doi":"10.1177/1098612x241276916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x241276916","url":null,"abstract":"Practical relevance:Cats are great pretenders; they often hide illness until they are critical. This makes patients of this species challenging to assess and manage in the emergency setting where quick and stress-free diagnosis and treatment are necessary. Veterinary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a rapid, evidence-based, non-invasive, repeatable, cage-side ultrasonographic examination designed to answer clinically driven questions without compromising feline wellbeing. Integrating feline friendly POCUS as an extension of the physical examination to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, thereby limiting stress and improving overall patient care, is advocated by the authors of this article.Equipment:Given the multitude of ultrasound machines and probes available that are portable, meaning they can be moved around the clinic and used patient-side, it should be possible for most practitioners to integrate POCUS into daily practice. The authors’ preferred equipment for feline POCUS is a microconvex probe and a portable machine with a fixed pre-set. This set-up allows the clinician to complete all POCUS (abdominal, lung and pleural space, and heart) without needing to move the patient, change probes or restrain the patient in a particular position, ultimately saving time, personnel and cost while maintaining patient comfort and safety.Aim:This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for veterinarians seeking to improve their feline patient care through the judicious utilisation of POCUS. In this article, the complex challenges posed by cats are addressed, and the different POCUS techniques, applications and clinical recommendations are discussed.Evidence base:This review draws on the published literature, as well as the authors’ own collective experience when providing recommendations.","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"6 1","pages":"1098612X241276916"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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