Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery最新文献

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of age on the ability of tracheal anastomoses in 24 feline cadaveric tracheae that were performed with two suture patterns to sustain distraction.MethodsTracheae were obtained from 16 immature and eight adult cats and were divided into three groups. Each trachea underwent end-to-end annular ligament anastomosis using a simple continuous pattern with a 4/0 polypropylene suture on a round-body needle. In one immature group, three additional simple interrupted tension-relieving sutures were placed. The samples were tested with a tensiometer set at a drop head speed of 50 mm/min, and failure during distraction was defined by tissue pull-through or suture material failure. The force and elongation at failure were compared among groups.ResultsTracheal anastomoses in immature cats failed at lower mean forces (11.49 ± 1.30 N) compared with those with tension-relieving sutures and with adult cats (19.74 ± 4.55 N and 18.02 ± 1.28 N, respectively) (P <0.001). Tracheae from both immature groups sustained greater mean elongation (46.60 ± 0.06% and 46.53 ± 0.06%) compared with those from the adult group (33.85 ± 0.11%) (P = 0.017 and 0.09, respectively).Conclusions and relevanceTracheal anastomoses with tension-relieving sutures in immature cats and anastomoses in adult cats showed greater resistance compared with immature cats without tension-relieving sutures. Tracheae from immature cats showed greater elasticity compared with adult cats. Immature cats may resist longer tracheal resection than adult cats, but reinforcement techniques are necessary to improve resistance to tension.

ObjectivesThe Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry (DVCR) was founded at the University of Copenhagen (then the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University) in 2005 and has collected data from feline neoplastic cases ever since. To date, only canine data have been published. The objective of the current publication was to describe the distribution of neoplasms in Danish cats based on data from the DVCR.MethodsFeline DVCR data (2005-2023) were extracted in December 2023. Study parameters were age, sex, breed, tumour type, tumour biological behaviour, anatomical location and method for obtaining the diagnosis. Standard morbidity ratios (SMRs) were calculated using breed data from the Danish Cat Registry as the denominator.ResultsA total of 767 neoplasms were registered. More neoplasms were malignant (561, 73.1%) than benign (175, 22.8%). More neoplasms were registered in female cats (423, 55.8%) than in male cats (335, 44.2%). The mean (±SD) cat age was 10.4 ± 3.8 years. Malignant epithelial tumours were the most common type (259, 33.8%), followed by malignant lymphoma (141, 18.4%), benign epithelial (120, 15.6%) and soft tissue sarcomas (79, 10.3%). The most common anatomical location was skin including adnexal tissue (213, 27.8%), followed by haemolymphatic tissue (152, 19.8%) and mammary tissue (151, 19.7%). Domestic/European shorthair cats had SMRs less than 1.0, while all purebred cats with more than 15 registrations had SMRs greater than 2.0. The relative risk for having a mammary tumour was 2.08 for intact vs spayed female cats.Conclusions and relevanceIt was shown that Danish cats mainly get malignant tumours, and that skin and epithelial tumours were the most common. Overall, the results from the DVCR fit well with data from other recent European publications and will be helpful for informing owners and veterinarians about the occurrence of feline cancer in Denmark and comparable countries.

ObjectivesThe present study retrospectively examined effusive feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) cases to investigate whether baseline viral RNA loads and serum biomarkers are associated with treatment responses and to identify early prognostic indicators that will guide clinical decision-making.MethodsA total of 15 cats with effusive FIP that presented to a primary care veterinary hospital in Japan between August 2024 and August 2025 were included. The diagnosis was based on the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases guidelines, combining clinical presentation, laboratory findings and feline coronavirus (FCoV) RNA detection by RT-qPCR. Antiviral treatment included GS-441524, remdesivir, molnupiravir or adjunctive nirmatrelvir. Cats were retrospectively classified as high-responders (HRs), low-responders (LRs) or non-responders (NRs), based on the blood FCoV N gene RNA load 2 weeks after treatment initiation. LR and NR cats were combined (LR/NR, n = 10) in analyses. Viral RNA loads in ascitic fluid and blood, routine haematology, acute-phase proteins and serum protein fractions were compared between groups.ResultsAt treatment initiation, the LR/NR group had significantly higher blood N gene RNA loads (P <0.01) and ascitic fluid RNA loads (P <0.05) than the HR group. In contrast, no intergroup differences were detected in M gene loads. Routine haematological markers revealed higher total protein, globulin (Glb) and lactate dehydrogenase in the LR/NR group, and no significant differences in albumin (Alb), total bilirubin or serum amyloid A. A serum protein fraction analysis showed distinct profiles: the HR group had higher albumin:globulin ratios and higher Alb, alpha (α)1-, α2- and beta-Glb fractions, while the LR/NR group had a markedly higher gamma (γ)-Glb fraction. The persistence of blood viral RNA 2 weeks after treatment initiation, together with opposing changes in the α2- and γ-Glb fractions, emerged as promising predictors of treatment outcomes.Conclusions and relevanceBaseline blood N gene RNA loads and serum Glb fractions have potential as early prognostic indicators of therapeutic responses in effusive FIP. Some of these results support the utility of combining viral and host biomarkers to improve outcome predictions and treatment monitoring.

Practical relevance: Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes (CPSs) in cats represent a diverse group of rare dermatological manifestations that occur as indirect consequences of underlying neoplasia. These syndromes are thought to arise due to tumour-associated systemic effects, including dysregulation of immune responses, metabolic disturbances and aberrant production of cytokines or growth factors. Recognising CPSs is clinically relevant, as they may serve as early indicators of occult neoplasia, guiding timely diagnosis and intervention.

Clinical challenges: Diagnosing CPSs requires a high index of suspicion, particularly in older cats with atypical dermatological presentations. Skin biopsies are needed for distinguishing CPSs from primary dermatopathies, and imaging investigations aid in tumour localisation. The treatment for CPSs involves addressing the underlying malignancy. In cases where surgical resection or chemotherapy successfully reduce tumour burden, partial or complete resolution of cutaneous signs has been documented. However, the prognosis remains guarded, particularly for aggressive neoplasms such as pancreatic and biliary carcinomas.

Aims: This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on feline CPSs, focusing on their clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach and therapeutic options. It also aims to summarise current knowledge and identify gaps that can inform future research, with the ultimate goal of advancing understanding and increasing awareness among veterinarians of these complex conditions.

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of GS-441524 after intravenous (IV) and oral administration of compounded remdesivir (RDV) at 30 mg/kg, respectively, in cats with clinical feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and to determine the bioavailability of GS-441524 after oral administration of compounded RDV in this population.MethodsA total of 13 client-owned cats with a clinical diagnosis of FIP were prospectively recruited. To reflect real-world use, RDV (30 mg/kg) was administered via a 20-min IV infusion or orally (rounded up to capsule size). Plasma GS-441524 concentrations were measured at eight time points over 24 h after administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartment analysis followed by bioavailability calculation.ResultsPharmacokinetic analysis of GS-441524 after administration of oral RDV achieved a mean (±SD) C_max of 1083.36 ± 634.19 ng/ml (coefficient of variation [CV] 59%, range 254.18-1834.73) at a mean time of 5.33 ± 3.93 h (range 2-12) with a mean elimination t_1/2 of 11.4 ± 8.00 h (range 4.58-27.01). In contrast, IV RDV administration produced a higher mean GS-441524 C_max of 6262.54 ± 1118.01 ng/ml (CV 18%, range 5193.40-8134.39) at a mean T_max 0.67 ± 0.26 h (range 0.5-1) with a mean elimination t_1/2 of 6.8 ± 5.55 h (range 3.18-17.85). The mean relative bioavailability of GS-441524 after oral RDV was 30.13%. Bioavailability (range 12-52%) and time to maximum plasma concentrations (2-12 h) were highly variable.Conclusions and relevanceThe oral bioavailability of the compounded RDV used in this study is low, highly variable and appeared lower in cats with effusive disease, although this difference was not statistically significant. Given the small non-randomised sample, results should be interpreted considering the study limitations. Despite the low bioavailability, survival rates in cats treated with oral RDV are comparable to published outcome studies with injectable RDV and oral GS-441524, indicating that oral RDV is a viable treatment option when GS-441524 is not available.

Objectives: To evaluate selected acute phase proteins (APPs) in 61 cats (mainly stray, domestic shorthair aged 2 months to 17 years, 39 males and 22 females) presented with acute trauma at the university teaching hospital of XXX.

Methods: Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp) and albumin were compared to APPs in a population of healthy cats with similar demographic data and in cats with trauma considering demographic data, trauma type and localization (craniofacial and/or vertebral and/or appendicular, thoracic, abdominal and localized, multiple or polytrauma), anti-inflammatory treatment, outcome (survival to discharge or death). APPs were correlated to age, rectal temperature, body-weight, total leukocyte, neutrophil, band neutrophil and lymphocyte count, total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, base excess and hospitalization duration.

Results: In cats with acute trauma, SAA and Hp median concentrations were significantly higher than in healthy control cats (90.5 versus 0.6 mg/mL and 130.7 versus 58.8 mg/dL, respectively, P<0.0001) and showed, respectively, a median 150-fold increase and 2.2-fold increase with respect to healthy cats. Albumin was significantly lower in cats with trauma compared to healthy cats (3.4 versus 3.8 g/dL, respectively, P<0.0001) and in cats with vertebral trauma compared to cats with other trauma localizations. SAA showed a significantly positive correlation with length of hospitalization (r=0.488, P=0.0003) in 50 surviving cats, while albumin showed a significantly negative correlation (r=-0.426, P=0.0020) in addition to a negative correlation with band neutrophils (r=-0.329, P=0.0097). In 15 cats with trauma in which APPs were also evaluated at discharge, SAA was significantly lower than at admission.

Conclusion and relevance: Acute trauma in cats is associated with significant increases in SAA and Hp and decreases in albumin. Testing SAA and albumin in cats with acute trauma may provide a useful prognostic indicator of length of hospitalization, but no evaluated APPs are of prognostic value for survival.

ObjectivesChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with accumulation of uremic tox-ins such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) in blood and tubular epithelial cells which contributes to progression of CKD. Aim of this prospective, randomized, two-center clinical pilot study was to evaluate the effect of oral spherical carbonaceous adsorbent renaltec (PorusOne, Porus) on IS plasma concentration, progression of CKD, parameters of calcium/phosphate homeostasis (tCa, phosphorus, FGF-23), urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) and fecal dysbiosis index (FDI) in cats with stable CKD IRIS stage 2 and 3 over a 6 months period.MethodsNineteen cats with CKD were randomly assigned to the renaltec group (n = 10, 8 stage 2, 2 stage 3) or control group (n = 9, 8 stage 2, 1 stage 3). All cats received standard of care treatment according to IRIS Guidelines. Cats of the renaltec group received in addi-tion 500 mg renaltec administered mixed with food or a liquid cat treat q24h. All cats were examined on day 0 (t0), after 3 months (t1) and after 6 months (t2). Statistical analysis was performed using generalized linear mixed models.ResultsOn t0, renaltec group cats had significantly lower tCa (P = 0.026) than control group cats. On t1, there were no differences between groups, while on t2, renaltec group cats had significantly lower IS (P = 0.045) and UPC (P = 0.001) than cats of the control group. Progression of CKD was noted in 2 cats of each group. Renaltec group cats had a significantly lower FDI on t2 compared to t1 (P = 0.023) and t0 (P = 0.009).Conclusion and relevanceAdministration of renaltec over 6 months mitigated parame-ters associated with CKD progression. Given the pilot nature of the study, the results should be interpreted cautiously and explored further in subsequent research.

The management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cats can benefit from an integration of medical and nutritional management, based on an understanding of the dynamic nature of the disease, together with an appreciation of interrelationships between nutritional status and clinical status. In this context, a new classification system for feline DM is proposed, comprising three clinical status categories: those at risk of developing DM, those with clinical DM and those in diabetic remission. The influence of individual dietary components (carbohydrate, protein, fat, and water fractions) on clinical outcomes is discussed, followed by overarching principles for the dietary management of diabetic cats, based on both the limited scientific evidence and the clinical experience of the authors. Key aspects of nutritional assessment, the principles of therapeutic weight reduction and feeding practices are covered. Using a proposed classification framework, recommendations for nutritional management are proposed for cats at risk of development of DM, cats with clinical DM and also those in clinical remission. Successful implementation of these recommendations can be achieved by using a relationship-centred approach, where owner concerns are addressed and goals for management are agreed in partnership. It is hoped that these perspectives will help guide veterinary professionals in their clinical management decisions, thereby improving health outcomes in cats in all three DM categories.

ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess caregivers' perspectives on feline chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsPeople living in Portugal caring for a cat with CKD were invited to participate in an online questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 405 responses were considered, with most participants (n = 309, 76.3%) dealing with feline CKD for the first time. International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) CKD staging was explained to 260 (64.2%) respondents, but only 188 (46.4%) confirmed that blood pressure was assessed at diagnosis. The recommendation of a renal diet was received by 387 (95.6%) respondents, but only 341 (84.2%) gave it, and, of the latter, 139 (40.8%) were ultimately offering at least some non-renal food daily. Medications, supplements/nutraceuticals and subcutaneous fluid therapy were administered at home by 255 (63.0%), 204 (50.4%) and 205 (50.6%) respondents, respectively. Among the caregivers who used a phosphate binder (n = 123), at least 46 (37.4%) were giving it without food. After diagnosis, the caregiver-cat emotional bond remained the same, improved or worsened in 285 (70.4%), 106 (26.2%) and nine (2.2%) cases, respectively. Most respondents felt completely informed by their veterinarian (n = 331, 81.7%), complied with the recommended monitoring frequency (n = 377, 93.1%) and believed that their experience would not influence future decisions to get a new cat (n = 221, 54.6%). Clinical signs and proteinuria, the need for medication and nutraceuticals/supplements, the administration of erythrocyte-stimulating agents and subcutaneous fluids, and the monitoring frequency were higher (P <0.05) in cats at late IRIS CKD stages.Conclusions and relevanceMost caregivers surveyed felt informed; however, some recommendations were not completely followed. Veterinarian-caregiver communication must be improved to ensure greater adherence to medical recommendations, and an early diagnosis should be pursued to minimise the caregiver burden.