Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

Background: Diabetes is very common across Saudi Arabia. There are several popular myths concerning diabetes and its management, which could negatively affect the therapy and prognosis of the disease.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of various myths related to diabetes and their impact on management among patients with diabetes and their relatives.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study (partially with direct contact with participants and partially online) was conducted for a period of 12 months from 1/1/2024 to 31/12/2024 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, among patients with diabetes and people who accompanied them. Self-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect data. It includes sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and different myths about diabetes.

Results: The study included 364 participants. Females represented most of them (65.7%). The age of more than a third of them (37.1%) ranged between 31 and 40 years, whereas that of 12.4% exceeded 50 years. Among the investigated common public myths about diabetes causes and management, the most frequently agreed by the participants upon were "consuming excessive amounts of sugar leads to the development of diabetes" (62.4%), "severe stress or intense fear can cause diabetes" (49.7%), "all diabetic patients should take vitamin B supplements" (36.8%) and "natural honey does not cause an increase in blood glucose levels" (33.2%). Overall, high agreement with common public myths related to diabetes cause and management was observed in almost a third of the participants (34.3%); particularly lower educated, P = 0.036. Patients who self-reported effectiveness in managing blood sugar were less likely than their counterparts to show a high level of agreement with diabetes-related myths (21.8% vs. 39.7%), P = 0.032.

Conclusion: Several myths related to diabetes are prevailing among the general population in Taif, especially those related to diet, self-care, and therapy. Thus, this study highlights the importance of organizing educational activities to increase knowledge of the general population about the disease.

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is a serious threat to healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. It affects their physical and mental health and impairs work performance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WPV against HCWs at the primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Makkah city. The study assessed the WPV occurrence, types, causes, consequences, and perpetrators and aimed to explore HCWs' responses to violence and awareness of a reporting system.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study included 400 HCWs at PHCs in Makkah city recruited using cluster sampling. A structured self-reported questionnaire collected demographic and occupational characteristics, violence occurrence, and other characteristics of the violent acts, and finally described violence reporting. Pearson's chi-square analysis was used to test the differences in violence exposure according to respondents' characteristics. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed on all potential predictors of WPV.

Results: WPV prevalence was 32.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2793-0.3733); 93.1% reported verbal violence, 40.8% intimidation, and 6.2% physical violence; 80% of violent events were initiated during morning shifts. Perpetrators were mostly men; 36.2% of WPV was initiated by patients. 40% of HCWs did not report violent incidents; the most common reason was perceived inefficacy. Only 46.3% of HCWs were aware of a violence reporting system. The lack of penalties was the most common cause of violence against HCWs, and 41.5% were dissatisfied with the consequences. A regression analysis revealed that pharmacists, working on different shifts and working in settings involving male patients, were more prone to WPV acts (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.8, 1.97, and 4.5, respectively). Married employees appeared more protected against WPV (AOR = 0.5) (overall model: chi-square χ² = 68.085, P = 0.000).

Conclusion: Although HCWs in Makkah PHCs were frequently subjected to WPV, especially doctors and pharmacists, they frequently chose not to report. A dearth of WPV reporting knowledge suggests that HCWs should be given appropriate training. A national mechanism to monitor and stop violence against HCWs must be implemented.

Introduction: The study, conducted as part of the PreNat HUB ERASMUS + program, aimed to identify the main knowledge gaps of parents due to the lack of information provided by professionals involved in the management of premature children. It focused on the experiences of parents in dealing with health, educational, and social aspects of prematurity from birth to adulthood.

Methods: A comprehensive questionnaire was developed and distributed to 187 mothers from five European countries. This survey aimed to assess the information and support provided by various professional groups, including healthcare, education, and social services, and to identify the main areas where parents felt they lacked necessary knowledge.

Results: The study identified significant knowledge gaps among parents of premature children, covering health, developmental issues, and educational challenges. Only 39.6% were informed about developmental disorders like attention deficit disorders. Notably, 47.6% of children faced unexpected learning problems, often uncommunicated to parents. Awareness about support systems was limited; 22.5% knew of psychological support groups, and 11.2% about medical groups for parents. In education, just 9.1% believed school nurses understood their child's needs, and 13.9% felt schools were aware of these needs. Furthermore, only 19.8% were informed about state benefits, showing a critical information gap.

Conclusion: There is a critical need for better communication and information sharing between professionals and parents of premature children. Addressing knowledge gaps is vital for managing and supporting these children's development and well-being. An integrated approach involving health, education, and social services is essential to effectively support these families.

Background: Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone strength and increased risk of fractures. It is a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly among the elderly population.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical pattern and complications of osteoporosis in Khamis Mushait, Southern of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study with record-based data extraction was used, including clinically diagnosed cases with osteoporosis achieving their clinical pattern and associated complications.

Results: A study of 92 osteoporotic patients aged 37-100 years found that the majority were females, with risk factors including gender, age, steroid use, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis. Half of the cases presented with bone pain, with 88% having no complications. Serum vitamin D and calcium levels varied between low and normal levels.

Conclusions: The study found that most osteoporosis cases are females over 60 years old, with aging, female gender steroid use, and RA as risk factors. Most cases present with bone pain, but some have low vitamin D and calcium levels.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and microvascular complications, which are further exacerbated by hypertension. This study examined the prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) and its associated factors among diabetic patients in primary care clinics in Bahrain.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients attending specialized primary care clinics in Bahrain. Data were extracted from electronic medical records, with uncontrolled BP defined as systolic BP ≥130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥80 mmHg. Associations were analyzed using the Chi-square test, and logistic regression was used to calculate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios.

Results: Among the 538 patients, 67% had uncontrolled BP. Patients aged >60 years (aOR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.07-2.63), obese individuals (aOR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.09-2.73), those on ≥3 antihypertensives (aOR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.24-5.35), and those with elevated fasting blood sugar (aOR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.24-5.35) had significantly higher odds of uncontrolled BP. Sex, lipid levels, and other comorbidities showed no significant association.

Discussion: The high prevalence of uncontrolled BP is consistent with regional studies, but exceeds rates in high-income settings, possibly due to the use of stricter targets. Identified risk factors, including aging, obesity, and glycemic dysregulation, align with global trends and highlight challenges in managing resistant hypertension.

Conclusion: Two-thirds of diabetic patients in Bahrain's primary care clinics have uncontrolled BP, which is associated with older age, obesity, multiple antihypertensive medications, and poor glycemic control. These findings highlight the potential impact of integrated management strategies, weight management interventions, and more strict glucose control.

Introduction: Tobacco is a highly addictive substance which makes quitting tobacco more difficult. Various factors are crucial in initiating, supporting and maintaining tobacco abstinence. Family contributes an essential role in quitting and managing addictive behaviours. However, there is sparse of research work on the impact of presence of tobacco user in family and age of onset of tobacco use behaviour. The objectives were to assess the effect of presence of tobacco user in family on age of onset of tobacco use and its role in tobacco quitting.

Methods and material: The study was quantitative research with cross-sectional design, conducted among 400 recent quitters. The mean age of study participants was 17.17 ± 1.24 years. Sociodemographic and selected variables of study participants were assessed via a self-structured questionnaire, and tobacco abstinence was measured through tobacco craving questionnaire SF and the Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire.

Results: The mean age of tobacco initiation of participants with tobacco user in family vs no tobacco user in family was 14.04 vs 17.51 years. Tobacco craving mean scores were high among participants having tobacco user in family. The mean scores for maintenance of tobacco abstinence in participants with tobacco user in family were high for adverse outcomes, withdrawals, and weight gain. However, the mean scores were less for social improvement, social support, common reasons to quit, and optimistic outcomes. The difference in both groups were statistically significant P ≤ 0.001.

Conclusions: The presence of tobacco user increases tobacco craving and decreases maintenance of abstinence among recent quitters. Early onset of tobacco use behaviour associated with presence of tobacco user in family. Focus must be put on treating all the tobacco users in a family simultaneously.

Complete denture (CD) fabrication has changed dramatically with the introduction of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) technologies. These techniques provide benefits including shorter chair times, better material qualities, and cost effectiveness. This systematic study assessed the variables that affect the successful manufacture of CAD-CAM CDs and examined the results and difficulties that follow. Using a thorough approach based on the patient population, intervention, comparison, and outcome framework, manual mining and citation mining were added to electronic searches performed on Google Scholar and PubMed. Studies and clinical reports assessing the clinical outcomes of CAD-CAM CDs were included. Several factors that might affect the performance of CAD-CAM CDs were examined: bond strength, precision, CAD-CAM polymers, and comparisons between digital and traditional dentures. Also examined were issues and mistakes related to clinical performance, time management, denture tooth features, surface qualities, digital workflow, cleaning processes, burs effects, impression techniques, strength, tissue adaptability, patient satisfaction, and retention. The results showed that, albeit with certain drawbacks, CAD-CAM dentures are stronger, more true to size, and fit better than three dimensionally printed options. Overall, digital dentures, as a potential treatment option, are clinically effective, require fewer visits, and improve patient information management. However, problems including speech problems, medical complications, and cosmetic flaws still exist. Before digital dentures become widely accepted, it is imperative to address these limitations. This study highlights the potential of CAD-CAM CDs and identifies areas for further development in clinical practice, offering insightful information about the present status of the technology.